CN106389845A - 防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,以重量份数计,其原料由如下成分制成:黄秋葵10‑70份,胡芦巴10‑80份,麦冬2‑10份,紫参5‑10份,玉竹2‑10份,天花粉 2‑10份,山药2‑10份,金线莲2‑10份,葛根2‑10份,茯苓2‑10份,黄芪2‑10份,桑椹子2‑10份,该药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙烂皮病的发生率,对美国青蛙烂皮病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于青蛙养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种防治美国青蛙病害的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
美国青蛙又名河蛙、水蛙。原产于美国,20世纪80年代后期引进我国,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是上等的食用蛙,现已在全国各地推广养殖。美国青蛙具有个体大、生长快、味道鲜美、蛋白质含量高,是一种优质高效的经济养殖蛙类。随着行业竞争激烈,一些老养殖户养殖技术老套,导致产效低下,有些血本无归,有些养殖不惜使用一些违禁药物,导致青蛙体内有害物质积累,从而导致大量死亡,也使养殖水质遭到严重污染,也间接破坏周围生态环境。
美国青蛙在养殖过程中,规模化养殖容易发生病害,而且非常容易传播开来,主要有以下病害:蝌蚪期常见病害:病害、败血症、肠炎、水霉、腹水、车轮虫病、气泡病;成蛙常见病害:肠炎、红腿病、传染性肝病、白眼病、烂皮病等,通过实践、探索、实验对比,采取以预防为主。
其中美国青蛙烂皮病主要是营养缺乏病,长期投喂缺乏维生素A、D和B族维生素的饲料容易引起该病,该病多发生在幼蛙阶段;因皮肤损伤导致细菌感染也会发生此病。症状:发病初期病蛙的某些部位如背部、头部、四肢等处的皮肤失去光泽,出现白花纹,又叫淡化变异,2~3天后表皮层脱落,露出白色真皮层并开始腐烂,5~6天后内皮脱落露出红色的皮下肌肉,病蛙不吃不动直至死亡。防治方法:投喂的饲料要多样化,营养要全面平衡,避免长时间投喂营养不全面的单一饲料。在饲料中添加维生素A、D和B族维生素,或添加鱼油和新鲜动物肝脏等富含这些维生素的物质,在饲料中加入“蛙必康”、“强克99”、“强克103”等药物投喂。
现有技术中一般采用西药防治美国青蛙病害,容易造成药物依赖,或者影响青蛙肉质,因此有必要开发一种防治美国青蛙烂皮病的中药组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,该药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙烂皮病的发生率,对美国青蛙烂皮病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明的目的之二在于提供上述防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物的制备方法。
本发明防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,以重量份数计,其原料由如下成分制成:
黄秋葵10-70份, 胡芦巴10-80份,麦冬2-10份,紫参5-10份,玉竹2-10份,天花粉 2-10份,山药2-10份,金线莲2-10份,葛根2-10份,茯苓2-10份,黄芪2-10份,桑椹子2-10份。
其中黄秋葵优选30-50份, 胡芦巴优选30-45份。
其中麦冬优选4-7份,紫参优选6-9份。
其中玉竹优选5-8份,天花粉优选4-8份。
其中山药优选4-8份,金线莲优选5-9份。
其中葛根优选4-6份,茯苓优选6-9份。
其中黄芪优选5-7份,桑椹子优选4-8份。
其中黄秋葵选用黄秋葵果,其他成分选用中药饮片。
本发明防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:
(1)将黄秋葵果清洗后在0-10℃温度下冷藏10-14小时,将冷藏后的黄秋葵果切成薄片,进行杀青、干燥;
(2)将制好的黄秋葵和葫芦巴等其它中药饮片除杂、洗净后,粉碎成60目以上的细粉状,置于80-100倍重量沸水进行60-70分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加2-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在40-45℃下浸提60-80分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得浸提液;浸出液经喷雾干燥制成干浸膏粉,加入辅料,先预压成粗片,然后粉碎成颗粒;
(3)将制好的颗粒装袋灭菌。
其中步骤(2)所述辅料优选微晶纤维素,微晶纤维素与干浸膏粉的重量比为(10-14):1。
本发明的药物使用方法:成蛙期,每次喂养时,每10公斤饲料,称取400克防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,然后加入饲料中,拌均,立即喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,自由采食,10天为一个疗程,可以每隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程,幼蛙期药物减半。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
表1为实施例1-7的配方,单位为克
表1
实施例 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
黄秋葵 | 15 | 70 | 45 | 40 | 50 | 30 |
胡芦巴 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 45 | 35 | 45 |
麦冬 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 6 |
紫参 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
玉竹 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 |
天花粉 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 8 |
山药 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 6 |
金线莲 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
葛根 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 6 |
茯苓 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
黄芪 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
桑椹子 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 |
表2为实施例8-14的配方,单位为克
表2
实施例 | 实施例7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
黄秋葵 | 50 | 60 | 25 | 60 | 25 | 30 |
胡芦巴 | 30 | 25 | 60 | 25 | 60 | 45 |
麦冬 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 6 |
紫参 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
玉竹 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 6 |
天花粉 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
山药 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 6 |
金线莲 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
葛根 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 6 |
茯苓 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
黄芪 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 6 |
桑椹子 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
对比例1
将实施例1中的紫参去除,其他配方跟实施例1完全一致;
对比例2
将实施例1中的金线莲去除,其他配方跟实施例1完全一致;
以上实施例及对比例保健茶的制备方法如下:
(1)将黄秋葵果清洗后在0-10℃温度下冷藏10-14小时,将冷藏后的黄秋葵果切成薄片,进行杀青、干燥;
(2)将制好的黄秋葵和葫芦巴等其它中药饮片除杂、洗净后,粉碎成60目以上的细粉状,置于80-100倍重量沸水进行60-70分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加2-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在40-45℃下浸提60-80分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得玉米须浸提液;浸出液经喷雾干燥制成干浸膏粉,加入辅料微晶纤维素(14:1),先预压成粗片,然后粉碎成颗粒;
(3)将制好的颗粒装袋灭菌。
临床试验一:
(1)实验动物
选择 300只患有烂皮病的美国青蛙成蛙,食欲减退,不愿活动。
(2)实验方法
随机分组,共分15个组,每组20 只,其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料,每天早晚各2次,自由采食,连续10 天;另一组为对照组,使用现有技术蛙必康治疗法,再按照正常饲喂方式喂养。治疗10天之后,观察并做好记录。具体见表2。
(3) 治疗标准及观察方法
治愈:烂皮病痊愈。
有效:烂皮病得到有效缓解,有很大的缓解。
无效:烂皮病没有得到有效缓解。
表2
治愈数 | 有效数 | 无效数 | |
实施例1 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
实施例2 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例3 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例4 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例5 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例6 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
实施例7 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例8 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例9 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例10 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例11 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例12 | 17 | 1 | 2 |
对比例1 | 12 | 4 | 4 |
对比例2 | 11 | 5 | 4 |
对照组 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
由此可知,在同等用量的情况下,利用本发明药物混入饲料中的治疗效果明显优于对比例和对照组。并且1个月后,实验组为0复发,而对照组有5只复发。
临床试验二:
为了证明本发明对美国青蛙的饲喂效果,进行多次试饲喂试验,选取大型美国青蛙养殖场3000只处于成蛙期的美国青蛙,体重大小、健康状况基本一致,随机分成15组,每组200只。其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料,每天早晚各两次,自由采食,连续10 天;隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程。另一组为对照组,饲喂不加药物的相同饲料,15组青蛙的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同。对比15组青蛙的各种性能指标,平均值如表3。
1个月后,15组青蛙情况如表3:
表3
患病害数 | 月增重 (g)/只 | |
实施例1 | 0 | 110 |
实施例2 | 7 | 98 |
实施例3 | 0 | 104 |
实施例4 | 0 | 100 |
实施例5 | 0 | 109 |
实施例6 | 0 | 110 |
实施例7 | 2 | 104 |
实施例8 | 0 | 105 |
实施例9 | 4 | 102 |
实施例10 | 0 | 107 |
实施例11 | 1 | 106 |
实施例12 | 0 | 108 |
对比例1 | 25 | 89 |
对比例2 | 30 | 80 |
对照组 | 50 | 70 |
从表中可以很明显的看出,实验组青蛙在连续喂食本发明提供的药物后,日增重较对照组增加明显,且实验组较对照组食欲旺盛,活力强,状态好,基本没有疾病发生。
Claims (9)
1.一种防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于,以重量份数计,其原料由如下成分制成:黄秋葵10-70份, 胡芦巴10-80份,麦冬2-10份,紫参5-10份,玉竹2-10份,天花粉 2-10份,山药2-10份,金线莲2-10份,葛根2-10份,茯苓2-10份,黄芪2-10份,桑椹子2-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于所述为30-50份, 胡芦巴为30-45份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于所述其中麦冬为4-7份,紫参为6-9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于, 所述玉竹为5-8份,天花粉为4-8份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于, 所述山药为4-8份,金线莲为5-9份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于, 所述葛根为4-6份,茯苓为6-9份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病的药物,其特征在于, 所述其中黄芪为5-7份,桑椹子为4-8份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病药物的制备方法,其特征在于依次包括如下步骤:
(1)将黄秋葵果清洗后在0-10℃温度下冷藏10-14小时,将冷藏后的黄秋葵果切成薄片,进行杀青、干燥;
(2)将制好的黄秋葵和葫芦巴等其它中药饮片除杂、洗净后,粉碎成60目以上的细粉状,置于80-100倍重量沸水进行60-70分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加2-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在40-45℃下浸提60-80分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得浸提液;浸出液经喷雾干燥制成干浸膏粉,加入辅料,先预压成粗片,然后粉碎成颗粒;
(3)将制好的颗粒装袋灭菌。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防治美国青蛙烂皮病药物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述辅料为微晶纤维素,微晶纤维素与干浸膏粉的重量比为(10-14):1。
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CN114246901A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 江西阳际峰生态农业有限公司 | 一种石蛙皮肤病药物及其生产方法 |
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CN114246901A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 江西阳际峰生态农业有限公司 | 一种石蛙皮肤病药物及其生产方法 |
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