CN107648507A - 一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其原料以重量份数计，由如下成分制成：绞股蓝叶、玉米须和桑叶混合膏剂20‑40份，番石榴5‑10份，柿子5‑10份，胡萝卜5‑10份，山楂5‑10份，草头5‑10份，梨子5‑10份，柿子5‑10份，柴胡5‑10份、鸡屎藤10‑20份。药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌，能明显降低娃娃鱼病害的发生率，对娃娃鱼烂嘴病有很好的预防和治疗作用，并且无毒副作用，使用安全，无有害药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于娃娃鱼养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种娃娃鱼病害的防治药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
大鲵隶属隐腮鲵科，大鲵属，是世界上现存最大的也是最珍贵的两栖动物；它的叫声像婴儿的哭声，因此人们又叫它“娃娃鱼”；大鲵俗称“大山椒鱼”，源于其身有山椒味道；娃娃鱼是代表鱼类和爬行类的过渡类型，有古老“活化石”之称，同时娃娃鱼肉质洁白鲜嫩，肥而不腻，味道特鲜，含有丰富的营养物质，被誉为水中“活人参”。
野生娃娃鱼资源已濒临灭绝，开展人工规模养殖是恢复娃娃鱼自然资源，满足社会需求的必由之路；在养殖的过程娃娃鱼容易发生烂嘴病（又称口腔溃烂病），症状主要病症是口腔溃烂，存在两种类型；一种是病鱼的上、下唇肿大、渗血、溃烂，严重的露出上、下颌骨；另一种是嘴唇外表正常，但口腔内上腭组织形成大块蚀斑，并引起严重出血；也有的病鱼两种症状均有；病鱼长时间不能进食，体质减弱，易引起并发感染而死亡。
发现病鱼后，要及时隔离，病情较轻的，可用庆大霉素4毫克/升连续浸泡10天，可治愈；病情较重的，先用庆大霉素原粉涂抹患处，1-2小时后，再放入环丙沙星药液里浸泡，浓度是4毫克/升，每天浸泡8小时，连续浸泡10天，可治愈；病情严重的，除浸泡外，还要注射庆大霉素，剂量是按每公斤病鱼体重1万单位。
现有技术中一般采用西药防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病，容易造成药物依赖，或者影响青蛙肉质，因此有必要开发一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌，能明显降低娃娃鱼病害的发生率，对娃娃鱼烂嘴病有很好的预防和治疗作用，并且无毒副作用，使用安全，无有害药物残留。
本发明的目的之二在于提供该防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物的制备方法。
本发明防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，以重量份数计，由如下原料制成：
绞股蓝叶、玉米须和桑叶混合膏剂20-40份，番石榴 5-10份， 柿子5-10份， 胡萝卜5-10份， 山楂5-10份，草头5-10 份， 梨子5-10份， 柿子5-10份， 柴胡5-10 份、鸡屎藤10-20份。
其中绞股蓝叶、玉米须和桑叶混合膏剂中桑叶膏剂、绞股蓝叶膏剂和玉米须膏剂重量比为1:（1.5-3）:（2-3）。
其中番石榴优选7-10 份。
其中柿子优选5-8 份，胡萝卜优选7-10 份。
其中山楂优选8-10份，草头优选5-7 份。
其中梨子优选6-10份，柿子优选5-7 份。
其中柴胡优选8-10 份。
本发明防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)玉米须膏剂的制备: 选取干燥、色泽正常的玉米须，除杂、洗净后，粉碎成60-300目的细粉状，置于60-80倍重量沸水进行30-90分钟的煮制，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加1-3倍重量的90-95％乙醇溶液，在30-50℃下浸提40-60分钟，减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得玉米须浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(2)绞股蓝叶膏剂的制备: 选取大而厚、色黄绿、质脆的绞股蓝叶为原料，加入8-10倍的90-95％的乙醇溶液，加热至50-70℃，回流40-70分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加5-8倍的90-95％的乙醇溶液，加热至50-70℃，回流40-70分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得绞股蓝叶浸提液，再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(3)桑叶膏剂的制备:桑叶清洗粉碎成60-300目的细粉状，煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:（12-17）, 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(4) 将桑叶膏剂、绞股蓝叶浸膏剂和玉米须膏剂按重量比1:（1.5-3）:（2-3）的比例混合；
(5)将混合膏剂和番石榴、柿子、胡萝卜、山楂、草头、梨子、柿子、柴胡、鸡屎藤加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3-0.5 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2-0.6 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3-0.7 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠，用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒，将滤过后的制剂恒温100℃20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40度以下后灌装。
本发明的药物使用方法：成鱼期，每次喂养时，每10公斤饲料，称取500克防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，然后加入饲料中，拌均，立即喂养，2天喂养1次，10天为一个疗程，可以每隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程，幼鱼期药物减半。
本发明防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物有如下效果：药物能明显降低娃娃鱼病害的发生率，对娃娃鱼烂嘴病有很好的预防和治疗作用，并且无毒副作用，使用安全，无有害药物残留。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
表1为实施例1-6及对比例1的配方，单位为克。
表1
。
表2为实施例7-12及对比例2的配方，单位为克。
表2
。
本发明实施例及对比例防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)玉米须膏剂的制备: 选取干燥、色泽正常的玉米须，除杂、洗净后，粉碎成200-300目的细粉状，置于70倍重量沸水进行50分钟的煮制，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加3倍重量的95％乙醇溶液，在40℃下浸提50分钟，减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得玉米须浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(2)绞股蓝叶膏剂的制备: 选取大而厚、色黄绿、质脆的绞股蓝叶为原料，加入8-10倍的95％的乙醇溶液，加热至60℃，回流60分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加7倍的95％的乙醇溶液，加热至60℃，回流50分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得绞股蓝叶浸提液，再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(3)桑叶膏剂的制备:桑叶清洗粉碎成200-300目的细粉状，煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:15, 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(4) 将桑叶膏剂、绞股蓝叶浸膏剂和玉米须膏剂按重量比1:2:2的比例混合。
(5)将混合膏剂和其他原料加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠，用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒，将滤过后的制剂恒温100℃20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40℃以下后灌装。
临床试验一：
(1)实验动物
选择 300只患有烂嘴病的娃娃鱼成鱼，口腔内上腭组织形成大块蚀斑，并引起严重出血；食欲减退，不愿活动。
(2)实验方法
随机分组，共分15个组，每组20 只，其中14组为实验组，分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料，2天喂养1次，连续10 天；另一组为对照组，使用现有技术浸泡和注射庆大霉素的治疗法，再按照正常饲喂方式喂养，治疗10天之后，观察并做好记录，具体见表3。
(3) 治疗标准及观察方法
治愈：烂嘴病痊愈；
无效：烂嘴病没有得到有效缓解。
表3
。
由此可知，在同等用量的情况下，利用本发明药物混入饲料中的治疗效果明显优于对比例和对照组，并且1个月后，实验组为0复发，而对照组有,3只复发。
临床试验二：
为了证明本发明对娃娃鱼的饲喂效果，进行多次试饲喂试验，选取大型娃娃鱼养殖场3000 只处于成鱼期的娃娃鱼，体重大小、健康状况基本一致，随机分成15组，每组200 只；其中14组为实验组，分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料，2天喂养1次，连续10 天；隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程；另一组为对照组，饲喂不加药物的相同饲料，15组娃娃鱼的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同；对比15组娃娃鱼的各种性能指标，平均值如表4。
1个月后，15组娃娃鱼情况如表4：
表4
。
从表中可以很明显的看出，实验组娃娃鱼在连续喂食本发明提供的药物后， 日增重较对照组增加明显，且实验组较对照组食欲旺盛，活力强，状态好，基本没有疾病发生。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其原料以重量份数计，由如下成分制成：绞股蓝叶、玉米须和桑叶混合膏剂20-40份，番石榴 5-10份，柿子5-10份，胡萝卜5-10份，山楂5-10份，草头5-10份，梨子5-10份，柿子5-10份，柴胡5-10份、鸡屎藤10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述绞股蓝叶、玉米须和桑叶混合膏剂中桑叶膏剂、绞股蓝叶膏剂和玉米须膏剂重量比为1:（1.5-3）:（2-3）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述番石榴为7-10份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述柿子为5-8份，所述胡萝卜为7-10 份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述山楂为8-10份，草头为5-7份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述梨子为6-10份，柿子为5-7份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物，其特征在于所述柴胡为8-10份。
8.根据权利要求1所述防治娃娃鱼烂嘴病的药物的制备方法，其特征在于依次包括如下步骤：
(1)玉米须膏剂的制备: 将玉米须粉碎成60-300目的细粉状，置于60-80倍重量沸水进行30-90分钟的煮制，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加1-3倍重量的90-95％乙醇溶液，在30-50℃下浸提40-60分钟，减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得玉米须浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(2)绞股蓝叶膏剂的制备: 将绞股蓝叶加入8-10倍重量的90-95％的乙醇溶液，加热至50-70℃，回流40-70分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ，液渣加5-8倍的90-95％的乙醇溶液，加热至50-70℃，回流40-70分钟，冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ，二者混合即得绞股蓝叶浸提液，再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(3)桑叶膏剂的制备:桑叶清洗粉碎成60-300目的细粉状，煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:（12-17）, 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂；
(4) 将桑叶膏剂、绞股蓝叶浸膏剂和玉米须膏剂按重量比1:（1.5-3）:（2-3）的比例混合；
(5)将混合膏剂和番石榴、柿子、胡萝卜、山楂、草头、梨子、柿子、柴胡加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3-0.5 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2-0.6 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3-0.7 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠，用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒，将滤过后的制剂恒温100度20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40度以下后灌装。
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| CN106389780A (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-02-15 | 衡阳茂晨农业开发有限公司 | 防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法 |
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