CN106387233A - 一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法，是由下列原料制成：甘草2.5～7.5g、余甘子12.5～37.5g、沙棘7.5～22.5g、白果7.5～22.5g、诃子15～45g、玉竹10～30g、昆布12.5～37.5g、香橼10～30g，采用混合粉碎法或水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法制成颗粒制备而成。本发明的止咳化痰代用茶携带、使用方便，口感好，易被人们接受；不含任何食品添加剂、激素及有害物质，适用于咽喉不适者长期食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种类似茶叶冲泡的饮品，尤其是一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法。
背景技术
呼吸系统疾病主要症状为咳、痰、喘、炎，为当今世界高发病之一，约占内科疾病的1/4，其死亡率在城市占第3位，在农村居首位。随着人口老龄化的发展及大气污染的口趋严重，呼吸系统疾病发生呈上升趋势。
咳嗽是内科病症中最为常见的疾病，发病率高，而外感咳嗽是由于外感六淫，致肺气不清，失于宣肃所致，以咳嗽、咯痰为主要表现的疾病。
代用茶多采用药食同源的植物的叶、花、果实、根茎等为原料，按一定比例拼配加工成的产品，并通过小袋包装，长期食用无毒副作用，且因浓度低、刺激性小，口感好，是止咳化痰的最佳选择。目前这种采用食用植物作为有效成分的代用茶产品更符合现代人的口味和生活习惯，因此具有很广阔的市场前景，人们对止咳化痰的代用茶产品存在强烈需求。
至今为止，还未发现任何有关本发明代用茶组合物及其制备方法的报道。本发明人经过反复研究，终于找到了有更好止咳化痰效果的代用茶及其制备方法，从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
本发明目的就是提供一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的有更好止咳化痰效果代用茶的制备方法。
本发明是一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶，其中所述的食用植物是由下列原料制成：甘草、余甘子、沙棘、白果、诃子、玉竹、昆布、香橼。
它选择了甘草、余甘子、沙棘、白果、诃子、玉竹、昆布、香橼进行组合作为原料，其中（1）甘草为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草GlycyrrhizaInflate Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根及根茎。具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药的功效。用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。（2）余甘子为大戟科叶下珠属植物余甘子Phyllanthus emblica L.的果实。具有清热凉血，消食健胃，生津止渴的功效；主治血热血瘀，消化不良，腹胀，咳嗽，喉痛，口干及维生素C 缺乏症；在藏药中，主治培根病、赤巴病、血病、高血压病等；近年研究结果表明，具有抗炎，抗氧化，抗衰老，保肝等作用。（3）沙棘为胡颓子科植物沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L.的成熟果实。具有清热止咳，活血化瘀，愈溃疡的功效。用于气管炎，消化不良，胃溃疡及闭经等症。（4）白果为银杏科植物银杏Ginkgobiloba L.的干燥成熟种子。具有敛肺定喘，止带浊，缩小便的功效。用于痰多喘咳，带下白浊，遗尿尿频。（5）诃子为使君子科植物诃子Terminalia chebula Retz.或绒毛诃子Terminalia chebulaRetz. var.tomentella Kurt.的干燥成熟果实。具有涩肠敛肺，降火利咽的功效。用于久泻久痢，便血脱肛，肺虚喘咳，久嗽不止，咽痛音哑。（6）玉竹为百合科植物玉竹Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce的干燥根茎。具有养阴润燥，生津止渴的功效。用于肺胃阴伤，燥热咳嗽，咽干口渴，内热消渴。（7）昆布为海带科植物海带Laminariajaponica Aresch. 或翅藻科植物昆布 Ecklonia kurome Okam.的干燥叶状体。具有润肺化痰，养阴和胃，平肝，解毒的功效。用于肺热咳嗽，呕吐反胃，食少口干，目赤眩晕，疔毒疮疡。（8）香橼为芸香科植物枸橼Citrus medica L.或香圆Citrus wilsonii Tanaka的干燥成熟果实。具有舒肝理气，宽中，化痰的功效。用于肝胃气滞，胸胁胀痛，脘腹痞满，呕吐噫气，痰多咳嗽。将这些食用植物组合使用使得各原料功效产生协同作用，从而具有止咳化痰的效果。
本发明代用茶中食用植物的用量也是经过发明人进行大量摸索总结得出的，各原料用量为在下述具体重量范围内都具有较好效果：甘草2.5～7.5g、余甘子12.5～37.5g、沙棘7.5～22.5g、白果7.5～22.5g、诃子15～45g、玉竹10～30g、昆布12.5～37.5g、香橼10～30g。
优选为：甘草4～6g、余甘子20～30g、沙棘12～18g、白果12～18g、诃子24～36g、玉竹16～24g、昆布20～30g、香橼16～24g。
进一步优选为：甘草5g、余甘子25g、沙棘15g、白果15g、诃子30g、玉竹20g、昆布25g、香橼20g。
本发明代用茶中可食用植物的制备可以将上述用量的原料直接按重量称取，采用混合粉碎后法后制成颗粒制得；也可以将上述用量的原料采用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法后制成颗粒制得。
本发明代用茶的包装规格、食用方法及食用量为：1）可食用植物原料采用直接按重量称取、混合粉碎制成的，每袋装5g，用沸水冲泡3～5min，一次1袋，一日1～2次。2）可食用植物原料采用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法制成的，每袋装2g，用沸水冲泡，一次1袋，一日1～2次。
本发明代用茶携带、使用方便，口感好，易被人们接受；采用可食用植物原料组成，不含任何食品添加剂、激素及有害物质，适用于咽喉不适者长期食用。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合实施例对本发明代用茶做进一步详细的描述，但本发明代用茶的实施方式不限于此。
【实施例1】
称取甘草5g、余甘子25g、沙棘15g、白果15g、诃子30g、玉竹20g、昆布25g、香橼20g，混合后气流粉碎成细粉，流化床喷雾造粒，60℃±5℃干燥3h±0.5h，整粒，制得粒径在0.5mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装5g的代用茶。
【实施例2】
称取青果甘草4g、余甘子20g、沙棘12g、白果12g、诃子24g、玉竹16g、昆布20g、香橼16g，混合后机械粉碎成细粉，喷水至形成松散粒状，挤压造粒，60℃±5℃干燥3h±0.5h，整粒，制得粒径在1mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装5g的代用茶。
【实施例3】
称取甘草6g、余甘子30g、沙棘18g、白果18g、诃子36g、玉竹24g、昆布30g、香橼24g，混合后机械粉碎成粗粉，用70%乙醇做溶剂，浸渍48小时后缓缓渗漉，收集渗漉液，加热浓缩同时回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.10（25℃），静置24小时，取上清液，喷雾干燥制粒，整粒，制得粒径在1mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装2g的代用茶。
【实施例4】
称取甘草2.5g、余甘子12.5g、沙棘7.5g、白果7.5g、诃子15g、玉竹10g、昆布12.5g、香橼10g，混合后机械粉碎成粗粉，用水煎煮提取2次，第一次提取2h，收集提取液，残渣加水煎煮提取1小时，收集提取液，合并2次提取液加热浓缩，浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.10（25℃），喷雾干燥制粒，整粒，制得粒径在2mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装2g的代用茶。
【实施例5】
称取甘草7.5g、余甘子37.5g、沙棘22.5g、白果22.5g、诃子45g、玉竹30g、昆布37.5g、香橼30g，混合后机械粉碎成粗粉，用65%乙醇做溶剂，加热回流提取2次，第一次提取2h，收集提取液，残渣加65%乙醇回流提取1小时，收集提取液，合并2次提取液加热浓缩同时回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.10（25℃），喷雾干燥制粒，整粒，制得粒径在2mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装2g的代用茶。
【实施例6】
称取甘草4.5g、余甘子22.5g、沙棘13.5g、白果13.5g、诃子27g、玉竹18g、昆布22.5g、香橼18g，混合后机械粉碎成粗粉，用水煎煮提取2次，第一次提取2h，收集提取液，残渣加水煎煮提取1小时，收集提取液，合并2次提取液加热浓缩，浓缩至相对密度1.20～1.30（25℃），加95%乙醇并搅拌，至乙醇浓度达到60%，静置12小时，取上清液，加热浓缩同时回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.10（25℃），喷雾干燥制粒，整粒，制得粒径在1mm大小的颗粒，混匀，用颗粒包装机包装成每袋装2g的代用茶。
应用实施例为了验证本发明所述的止咳化痰代用茶效果，下面将对实施例1、6所得产品进行镇咳、祛痰、平喘的药效学实验研究。
方法：1、本发明实施例1的镇咳试验：取小鼠50只，雌雄各半，随机分为5组，每组10只。即空白对照组，给等容积蒸馏水；阳性对照组，给半夏止咳糖浆15ml/kg．d-l；本发明实施例1高、中、低剂量组，分别给本发明实施例1产品 10g、5g、2.5g /kg．d-l。各组均灌胃给食，1次/d，连续7天。末次给食60min后，小鼠接受25%浓氨水喷雾10s，观察咳嗽反应出现的时间和次数，记录小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和2min内咳嗽次数。结果见表1。
表1 本发明实施例1对小鼠的止咳作用(x±s，n＝10)
组别 动物数 剂量(g/kg) 咳嗽潜伏期(s) 咳嗽次数（次）
空白对照组 10 − 33.1±18.37 56.31±7.23
阳性对照组 10 15ml/Kg 63.2±14.23** 22.3±4.68**
低剂量组 10 2.5 42.8±13.62* 38.7±5.56**
中剂量组 10 5 46.4±7.33** 34.8±4.14**
高剂量组 10 10 49.2±6.17** 31.2±5.27**
说明：同空白对照组比较: *P<0.05；**P<0.0l。
从表1看出：本发明实施例1可有效抑制浓氨水诱导的小鼠咳嗽，使小鼠的咳嗽次数明显减少的同时亦使小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期明显延长，与空白对照组比较，小、中、大剂量组有显著性差异（P<0.01），说明本发明实施例1对浓氨水诱发的小鼠咳嗽有止咳作用。
2、本发明实施例1的祛痰试验：取SD大鼠50只，雌雄各半，随机分成5组，每组10只，即空白对照组，给等容积蒸馏水；阳性对照组，给氯化铵lg/kg．d-l；本发明实施例1高、中、低剂量组，分别给本发明实施例1产品 6g、3g、1.5g /kg．d-l。实验前禁食不禁水8～12h后，10%水合氯醛0.35g/kg，腹腔注射麻醉后，大鼠仰卧位固定于手术板上，颈部用75%酒精棉球消毒，正中切开约1cm长的切口，找到气管，于气管甲状腺软骨下缘用尖锐针头扎一小孔，随后将0.5mm的毛细管插入气管，至刚好接触气管为止。以毛细管吸取痰液长度作为评价产品的祛痰效果，当毛细管内放痰液充满时，立即另换一根。记录给食前2h的正常分泌量后，经十二指肠给食后继续再观察2h痰液分泌量。比较给食前后平均每小时分泌的痰液分泌量，并作统计学析。结果见表2。
表2 本发明实施例1对大鼠的祛痰作用(x±s，n＝10)
组别 动物数 剂量(g/kg) 给食前（cm/h） 给食后（cm/h） 差值（cm/h）
空白对照组 10 等容积 3.82±0.36 4.68±1.38 0.53±0.81
阳性对照组 10 1.0 3.34±0.67 8.97±2.14 5.26±2.13**
低剂量组 10 1.5 3.74±0.23 5.68±1.43 1.52±1.84*
中剂量组 10 3 3.71±0.33 7.16±1.69 3.16±1.26**
高剂量组 10 6 3.63±0.46 8.26±2.13 4.83±1.43**
说明：同空白对照组比较: *P<0.05；**P<0.0l。
从表2看出：本发明实施例1可有效增加大鼠气管痰液分泌量，与空白对照组比较，高、中剂量能明显的增加大鼠的排痰量（P<0.01）。
3、本发明实施例6的平喘试验：将豚鼠放置在4000mL透明玻璃钟罩内，0.2%的磷酸组胺溶液超声雾化给予15s，观察记录豚鼠的引喘潜伏期（从喷雾开始到哮喘发作，出现呼吸困难，直至抽搐跌倒的时间），若超过150s无反应者，不予选用。取筛选合格的豚鼠50只，雌雄各半，随机分成5组，每组10只。即空白对照组，给等容积蒸馏水；阳性对照组，给半夏止咳糖浆5.5ml/kg．d-l；本发明实施例6高、中、低剂量组，分别给本发明实施例6产品 6g、3g、1.5g /kg．d-l。各组均灌胃给食，1次/d，连续7d。末次给食1h后，将豚鼠放人4000mL透明玻璃钟罩内，按预选条件和方法测定豚鼠的引喘潜伏期。若超过6min仍不发生哮喘反应者，其潜伏期按360s计算。结果见表3。
表3 本发明实施例6对豚鼠的平喘作用(x±s，n＝10)
组别 动物数 剂量(g/kg) 哮喘潜伏(s)
空白对照组 10 − 62.7±18.67
阳性对照组 10 5.5ml/Kg 228.6±45.14
低剂量组 10 1.5 125.2±19.44
中剂量组 10 3 143.2±15.13*
高剂量组 10 6 167.8±11.48*
说明：同模型对照组比较：*P<0.05。
从表3看出：本发明实施例6可抑制磷酸组胺所致的豚鼠哮喘。与空白对照组比较，高、中剂量组豚鼠的引喘潜伏期延长，具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。
以上结果表明，本发明代用茶具有明显的止咳化痰作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种采用食用植物作为成分制成的止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法，其特征在于是由以下原料按具体重量：甘草2.5～7.5g、余甘子12.5～37.5g、沙棘7.5～22.5g、白果7.5～22.5g、诃子15～45g、玉竹10～30g、昆布12.5～37.5g、香橼10～30g，采用混合粉碎法或水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法制成颗粒制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法，其特征在于：各原料按具体重量优选为：甘草4～6g、余甘子20～30g、沙棘12～18g、白果12～18g、诃子24～36g、玉竹16～24g、昆布20～30g、香橼16～24g。
3.根据权利要求2所述止咳化痰代用茶的制备方法，其特征在于：各原料按具体重量优选为：甘草5g、余甘子25g、沙棘15g、白果15g、诃子30g、玉竹20g、昆布25g、香橼20g。
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