CN106383221B - A kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method and device - Google Patents
A kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method and devices.Described method includes following steps: (1) obtaining practical geologic information；(2) according to the differences of mechanical properties of the shape of reservoir and reservoir and country rock, selection calculates the formula of reservoir pressure arch ratio；(3) reservoir rock initial formation pressure and initial burden pressure are determined；(4) determine confining pressure and displacement pressure with the variation relation of back pressure；(5) rock core by the intrinsic fracture agensis taken restores to initial irreducible water saturation；(6) aging process is carried out to rock core；(7) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are restored；(8) stress sensitive of the simulation reservoir in recovery process；(9) data processing and analysis.The present invention can obtain in developing of reservoirs according to the practical geologic information of oil-gas reservoir, reservoir burden pressure with pore pressure quantitative variation relation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of petroleum exploitation, in particular to a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method and
Device.
Background technique
Hyposmosis and extra-low permeability oil gas field reserves are not employed in China and occupy larger proportion in petroleum-in-place, are us
The resource base produced in state's petroleum industry increasing the storage, rationally effective exploitation has the development of China Petroleum most important
Effect.Reasonable development Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs are wanted, the particularity of understanding low permeability reservoir in exploitation is important prerequisite.
The buried oil-gas reservoir in underground, reservoir rock is simultaneously by overburden pressure and surrounding lateral pressure and hole
The effect of Fluid pressure, before oil-gas reservoir is untapped, stress system is in equilibrium state.And in oilfield development process,
Since subsurface material is in debt or crustal stress release, formation pore fluid pressure decline, the effective stress that rock matrix is subject to increases,
Rock matrix deformation, so that the physical parameters such as the permeability of rock and porosity change, this change due to stress field
The phenomenon that caused reservoir properties change, is just called stress sensitive effect.A large number of studies show that, low permeability reservoir exists both at home and abroad
Stronger stress sensitive effect.Stress sensitivity is in well net deployment, production pressure differential, oil/gas well with the side such as production and ultimate recovery
Mask has a major impact.Therefore influence and its influence of the stress sensitivity of low permeability reservoir for LOW PERMEABILITY OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT are got clear
Mode has important practical significance.
The stress sensitivity of reservoir generally passes through in-house laboratory investigation.Current experimental method is greatly all referring to professional standard
" reservoir sensitivity flowing experiment evaluation method " Lai Jinhang's, and evaluated referring to stress sensitivity of the standard to reservoir.
In terms of testing stress loading, current stress sensitive experiment by overlying rock gravity all act on reservoir based on grind
Study carefully the stress sensitive effect of reservoir.And in fact, reservoir overburden pressure is not unalterable during oil-gas mining
's.Pore fluid pressure is big near wellbore pressure drop in reservoir, and the pressure drop of remote well area is small, and is distributed substantially in funnel type, this
Non-uniform pore fluid pressure distribution will lead to reservoir and overburden stress is unevenly distributed, so that inhomogeneous deformation is generated,
Overlying rock will generate pressure arching.The overlying rock gravity that pressure arching carries reservoir rock is along principal stress side
To being transferred in the rock stratum other than pressure arch, so that acting on the burden pressure of reservoir reduces.Currently based on reservoir burden pressure
The true stress path of reservoir rock when constant stress sensitive experiment cannot reflect oil-gas mining.Therefore, it establishes and a set of covers pressure
The stress sensitive experimental method changed simultaneously with pore pressure, and the experimental provision for accordingly designing set of complementary has important meaning
Justice.
According to experiment loading stress condition, current stress sensitive experiment can be divided mainly into confining pressure stress sensitive experiment and interior
Compression sensitive experiment.Two methods are uniaxial strain experiment, that is, thinking reservoir rock, there is only hang down under the conditions of crustal stress
To strain, horizontal direction is without strain.In addition, two methods assume that reservoir overburden pressure is constant, reservoir is vertical effect
Power is linearly increasing with the reduction of reservoir pore pressure, increases confining pressure and fixation by fixed pore pressure respectively in an experiment
Confining pressure reduces pore pressure to simulate the linearly increasing of effective stress.
(1) become confining pressure and determine internal pressure stress sensitive experiment method
Becoming confining pressure to determine internal pressure method is traditional stress sensitive experimental test procedures.This method is by the practical exploitation of oil-gas reservoir
The increase for descending through effective stress and being converted into confining pressure of reservoir pore pressure in the process, it is ensured that rock core carry out become confining pressure it is constant
The effective stress being subject in internal pressure experimentation is equivalent to the effective stress during oil-gas mining during pore pressure decline.
Become confining pressure stress sensitive laboratory reference " SY/T5358-2002 reservoir sensitivity flowing experiment evaluation method ", test method is simple,
It is easy to operate and control.
2011, Jiao Chunyan evaluated system using Auto-floodTM (AFS300TM) displacement that American core company provides
System, to Ordos Basin Triassic system Oil in Super-low Permeability appear full-hole core carry out become confining pressure determine internal pressure stress sensitivity assessment.It should
System includes pressure automatic control system and automatic data acquisition system.Back pressure system, confining pressure system are multistage by high-precision
Plunger displacement pump is controlled with constant voltage mode.Injection displacement system can be set to constant current speed or constant pressure displacement mould according to requirement of experiment
Formula.For more precise acquisition to the pressure difference at rock core both ends, laboratory uses the High Linear differential pressure pickup of 3 different ranges.
The experimentation of this method are as follows: 1. length, diameter and the gas permeability of rock core constant temperature drying 48h, measurement rock core；
2. rock core vacuumizing, sufficiently saturation kerosene 48h simultaneously weigh；3. rock core is put into core holding unit, process is connected, it is initial to instrument
Value zeroing；4. pressurizeing to rock core, add confining pressure to 8.97MPa, each pressure increase 3.45MPa, add-back is depressed into 3.45MPa, and protects
It holds constant；5. opening the intermediate receptacle valve for oil of coalingging, the experiment of kerosene single phase fluid flow is carried out, records rock core under different pressure differences
Pressure difference and flow calculate the liquid infiltration rate under the effective stress by the slope of regression straight line；6. being stepped up confining pressure to lay equal stress on
5., until confining pressure is increased to 37.93MPa, release, termination of pumping, experiment terminates multiple step.
The shortcomings that experimental method and experimental provision are as follows: the rock core stress variation path used in experiment and oil gas field are practical
The actual conditions that Fluid pressure becomes smaller in development process are not met；Experimentation does not carry out aging process, during boring sample
The microcrack of unlatching and the gap of clamper rubber cuff are affected to experimental result；Since injected system only has high pressure
Fluid cylinder, without high-pressure air source, device can only simulate seepage flow of the single-phase liquid in reservoir, cannot consider the influence of gas phase；Due to
Lack insulating box, device cannot simulate the temperature condition of initial reservoir.
(2) become internal pressure and determine confining pressure stress sensitive experimental method
Traditional change confining pressure determines the practical feelings that internal pressure experiment test becomes smaller with oil gas field actual development process medium fluid pressure
Condition is not met.In recent years, scholars, which propose, becomes the method that internal pressure determines external pressure.This kind of mode is although complex and operation is tired
Difficulty, but the development process of oil-gas reservoir can be preferably simulated, thus can also obtain relatively reliable experimental result.
2015, Gao Tao took the experimental test procedures for determining confining pressure drop internal pressure to carry out stress sensitivity to X block rock core
Experiment.In this experiment, increases back-pressure valve in rock core outlet end, outlet pressure is controlled by back-pressure valve, using air pressure pump
Inlet pressure is controlled, hole is simulated by the magnitude of pressure differential (keeping confining pressure suffered by rock core constant) of control displacement pressure and back pressure
The variation of gap pressure, and then permeability is measured with the changing rule of effective stress.Experiment carries out in insulating box, and analog is practical
Reservoir temperature condition.Confining pressure is controlled using ring press pump, pressure process confining pressure can be made to synchronize variation with the change of back pressure.
The experimentation of this method are as follows: 1. length, diameter and the gas permeability of rock core constant temperature drying 48h, measurement rock core；
2. rock core vacuumizing, sufficiently saturation kerosene 48h simultaneously weigh；3. rock core is put into core holding unit, process is connected, it is initial to instrument
Value zeroing；4. carrying out aging process to rock core；5. pressurizeing to rock core, guarantees that confining pressure is greater than Pore Pressure 5.0MPa, press and track in ring
It is slowly synchronous under mode to increase pore pressure and confining pressure, until pore pressure increases to 30MPa, confining pressure is risen into 40MPa；6. real
It is constant pressure mode that confining pressure is arranged when testing, i.e. holding confining pressure 40MPa is constant, and internal pressure is gradually decreased by step-length of 3.0MPa, often
A test records pressure difference and flow of the rock core under different pressure differences after stablizing 2 hours, by the slope of regression straight line, calculates
Liquid infiltration rate under the effective stress；7. gradually reducing internal pressure and repeating step 6., until internal drop is down to abandonment pressure, unload
Pressure, termination of pumping, experiment terminate.
The shortcomings that experimental method and experimental provision are as follows: the rock core stress variation path used in experiment and oil gas field are practical
Fluid pressure becomes smaller in development process, and the actual conditions that overburden pressure also becomes smaller therewith are not met；Pass through displacement in experiment
Pressure and back pressure control displacement pressure difference, and the stability of displacement pressure difference is poor, and experimental implementation is more difficult, if test medium will when being gas
It is influenced by certain slippage effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test methods；This method is a kind of simulation
In developing of reservoirs, the stress sensitive experimental test procedures of reservoir burden pressure and pore pressure variation simultaneously；
The test method can obtain reservoir burden pressure quantifying with pore pressure according to the practical geologic information of oil-gas reservoir
Variation relation, and the microcrack that can eliminate the unlatching of boring sample process in an experiment and core holding unit gum cover gap are to experiment
As a result influence.The experimental provision of design can realize simulation recovery process, the function of confining pressure and internal pressure synchronous change, and can solve
Certainly displacement pressure difference stablizes poor problem in experiment.The experimental method and device can be in developing of reservoirs, and reservoir is true
Stress sensitive feature under real stress variation path is studied.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test equipments.
In order to achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test methods, wherein institute
The method of stating includes the following steps:
(1) practical geologic information is obtained；
(2) according to the differences of mechanical properties of the shape of reservoir and reservoir and country rock, selection calculates the public affairs of reservoir pressure arch ratio
Formula；When the modulus of shearing of reservoir and country rock ratio is between 0.8-1.2, selection inclusion enclave is theoretical, otherwise selects heterogeneous theory；
(3) reservoir rock initial formation pressure and initial burden pressure are determined；
(4) determine confining pressure and displacement pressure with the variation relation of back pressure；
(5) rock core by acquired intrinsic fracture agensis restores to initial irreducible water saturation；
(6) aging process is carried out to rock core；
(7) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are restored；
(8) stress sensitive of the simulation reservoir in recovery process；
(9) data processing and analysis.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the geologic information includes at least the shape and reservoir of reservoir
With the differences of mechanical properties of country rock.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the geologic information further includes the aspect ratio of reservoir, depth ginseng
Number, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, non-reservoir Poisson's ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir width, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock are close
The combination of one or more of degree, porosity and the Biot coefficient of consolidation.
In step (2), those skilled in the art can be poor according to the shape and reservoir of reservoir and the mechanical property of country rock
It is different, to select the formula for calculating reservoir pressure arch ratio accordingly that selection for example can be carried out according to the following table:
1 different shape reservoir pressure of table arch compares calculation method
In table, γ, pressure arch ratio；E, reservoir aspect ratio；υ, reservoir Poisson's ratio；υ*Non- reservoir Poisson's ratio；Rμ, modulus of shearing
Than.
In step (3), those skilled in the art can determine reservoir rock initial formation pressure p according to existing method0
With initial burden pressure σ0；And some specific embodiments according to the present invention, in which:
Reservoir rock initial formation pressure p0It can be calculated according to Hydrostatic pressure gradient, calculation formula are as follows:
p0=ρlhg (1)
In formula, ρlFor the density of pore-fluid, unit g/cm3；H is reservoir buried depth, unit km；G is acceleration of gravity, single
Position 9.8m/s2。
Initial burden pressure σ0Refer to pressure caused by the rock matrix of overlying rock and the total weight of pore-fluid, it can
It indicates are as follows:
In formula, z is target layer depth, unit m；φ (z) is the porosity at depth z；ρGIt (z) is the rock at depth z
Skeletal density, units/kg/m3；ρfIt (z) is the pore-fluid density at depth z, units/kg/m3。
In step (4), those skilled in the art can determine confining pressure and displacement pressure with back pressure according to existing method
Variation relation；And some specific embodiments according to the present invention, in which:
The relationship of confining pressure σ and back pressure can be indicated by formula (3):
In formula, σ is confining pressure, units MPa；phFor back pressure, units MPa；α is the Biot coefficient of consolidation；Δ p is displacement pressure difference,
Units MPa.
Displacement pressure pdIt can be indicated by formula (4) with the relationship of back pressure:
pd=ph+Δp (4)
In formula, pdFor displacement pressure, units MPa.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein initial irreducible water saturation of the step (5) to the rock core of acquirement
It carries out restoring to include: to dry rock core, then to weighing after rock core vacuumizing, (twin cylinder pump pair is utilized to rock core saturation water flooding
Rock core is saturated water flooding), then with the water flooding in methane displacement rock core, and using weight method determine rock core containing water saturation
Degree.
Wherein it is understood that step (5) is the irreducible water restored the water saturation of rock core into prime stratum
Saturation degree, so that stress sensitive experimental result is more reliable.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein rock core is dried 48- at a temperature of 100-110 DEG C by step (5)
60h, then to weighing after rock core vacuumizing.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (5) dries rock core, then extremely to rock core vacuumizing
It weighs after 100-133Pa.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (5) is saturated water flooding 24-36h to rock core, then uses
Water flooding in methane displacement rock core.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (5) is saturated water flooding to rock core, is then driven with methane
For the water flooding in rock core until rock core reaches original irreducible water saturation.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein it includes: to rock core that step (6), which carries out aging process to rock core,
Apply confining pressure and pore pressure, and ensure that confining pressure is 5.0MPa at least bigger than pore pressure, pore pressure is set, then in confining pressure
It is repeated multiple times that confining pressure loading and unloading operations are carried out to rock core in variable range.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein it includes: to rock core that step (6), which carries out aging process to rock core,
Apply confining pressure and pore pressure, and ensures that confining pressure is 5.0-10Mpa bigger than pore pressure.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (6) pore pressure is set as 5.0-8Mpa.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (6) is to be with 0.5-1h using 0.5-1MPa as step-length
Interval synchronization increases pore pressure and confining pressure.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (6) is to press pressurization tracing mode and displacement pressure in ring
Under tracing mode of pressurizeing, using 0.5-1MPa as step-length, increase pore pressure and confining pressure by interval synchronization of 0.5-1h.
During aging process, maximum effective stress is less than original effective stress, to prevent from causing to seep because of ageing process
The reduction of saturating rate.
Ageing process can be effectively reduced between the microcrack and core holding unit rubber cuff generated during boring sample
Influence of the gap to experimental result.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (7) carries out rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure extensive
It again include further pressurizeing to the rock core after aging process, it is synchronous to increase pore pressure and confining pressure, maintain confining pressure to compare pore pressure
Confining pressure is risen to original overburden pressure until pore pressure increases to original formation pressure by least big 5.0MPa.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (7) carries out rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure extensive
It again include further pressurizeing to the rock core after aging process, it is synchronous to increase pore pressure and confining pressure, maintain confining pressure to compare pore pressure
At least big 5.0-10Mpa.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (7) is to be spaced 0.5-1h's with step-length 0.5-1MPa
Speed sync increases pore pressure and confining pressure.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (7) is to press tracing mode and displacement pressure tracking in ring
Under mode, with step-length 0.5-1MPa, the speed sync for being spaced 0.5-1h increases pore pressure and confining pressure.
Wherein it is understood that step (7) synchronizes when increasing pore pressure and confining pressure, when one of them rises to original pressure
After power, another pressure continues that former speed is kept to rise to reset pressure.
For example, step (7) is synchronous when increasing pore pressure and confining pressure, when pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, so
It keeps pore pressure constant afterwards, confining pressure is continued to rise to original overlying rock by interval of 0.5-1h using 0.5-1MPa as step-length
Pressure.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (8) simulates stress sensitive of the reservoir in recovery process
Including control back pressure using 3-4MPa as step-length, gradually reduces and (pumped using high-precision high voltage) using 0.5-1h as interval, and same step
Whole confining pressure and displacement pressure, it is ensured that for confining pressure at least more than pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure difference is 1.5~2MPa, and is kept
Constant, pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure, and in each test pressure spot, stream is recorded after stablizing 0.5h
The data of meter, pressure sensor and differential pressure pickup.
Pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure.
In each test pressure spot, recording flowmeter, pressure sensor and differential pressure pickup after flowing stable 0.5h
Data.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein step (9) data processing and the number that analysis includes: to record
According to processing analysis is carried out, the permeability under each test point is obtained, permeability-effective stress relation curve is drawn, thus mould
Stress sensitive feature of the quasi- analysis reservoir in practical recovery process, when overburden pressure and pore pressure change simultaneously.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein before step (5) starts further include to instrument Initialize installation
The step of.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein include: that assembling first is real to the step of instrument Initialize installation
Instrument is tested, work pressure test, check device leakproofness is carried out to instrument, then return to zero to instrument initial value, the experiment of insulating box is set
Confining pressure and displacement pressure are separately input to the drop of ring pressure tracker and displacement pressure tracker by temperature with the variation relation of back pressure
Press tracing mode.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test devices, wherein described device includes
Injected system 1, core model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 and data collection system 5；The core model system
2 are separately connected injected system 1 and back pressure system 3；Back pressure system 3 is connect with recovery system 4 again；The injected system 1, rock core
Model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 are connect with data collection system 5 respectively, realize data acquisition.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the injected system 1 includes 11 (high-purity methane of high pressure gas cylinder
High pressure gas cylinder), air compressor 12, booster pump 13, displacement pressure tracker 14, gas intermediate receptacle 15, twin cylinder pump 16 and true
Sky pump 17；High pressure gas cylinder 11 and booster pump 13 are connect by pipeline sequence with core model system 2, in booster pump and core model
On the pipeline of system connection, pass through the outlet end 151 of pipeline sequence and gas intermediate receptacle 15, twin cylinder pump by starting point of booster pump
16 and vacuum pump 17 connect, the arrival end 152 of gas intermediate receptacle 15 is also connect with displacement pressure tracker 14 by pipeline；Its
In preferably the injected system further include at least eight injected system valves 181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,
The injected system valve is separately positioned between each equipment and pipeline crosspoint.
High-purity methane high pressure gas cylinder connects booster pump by pipeline, is provided by booster pump for gas intermediate receptacle stable
High-pressure air source；Displacement pressure tracker is connect with gas intermediate receptacle, and stable high-pressure air source is provided for core model system, and
Adjust the internal pressure of model system；Twin cylinder pump provides stable source of water for core model system, is saturated water flooding for rock core；It takes out
Sky pump and valve combination, can carry out evacuation processing to core model system.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the model system 2 includes core holding unit 21, insulating box
22 and ring press tracker 23；The core holding unit 21 is arranged in insulating box 22, described, described 21 one end of core holding unit
It is connect by pipeline with the booster pump 13 of injected system 1, the other end is connect by pipeline with back pressure system 3；The rock core clamping
Device 21 presses tracker 23 to connect by pipeline with ring；It is preferred that the model system 2 further includes at least two model system valves
241,242, the model system valve is separately positioned on the pipeline of connection core holding unit 21 and ring pressure tracker 23, and
On the pipeline that core holding unit 21 and back pressure system 3 connect.
Rock sample, rubber sleeve between the rock sample and the shell of clamper, the ring are housed in the clamper
Press tracker by valve and clamper external connection, for providing confining pressure for rock core.The clamper is located in insulating box,
To simulate reservoir actual temperature environment.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the back pressure system 3 includes back-pressure valve 31 and high-pressure pump 32
(high-precision high voltage pump)；The back-pressure valve 31 respectively by the core holding unit 21 of pipeline and model system 2, recovery system 4 and
High-pressure pump 32 connects；It is preferred that the back pressure system further includes at least two back pressure system valves 331,332；The back pressure system valve
Door is separately positioned on the pipeline that back-pressure valve 31 is connect with high-pressure pump 32 and recovery system 4.
High-pressure pump is connect by valve with back-pressure valve, for adjusting the pressure of back-pressure valve, can control in simulation recovery process
Output pressure.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the recovery system 4 includes gas-liquid separator 41, pond 42
With gas production bag 43；The entrance 411 of gas-liquid separator 41 is connect by pipeline with the back-pressure valve 31 of back pressure system 3, gas-liquid separator
41 gas vent 412 is connect by pipeline with gas production bag 43, and the liquid outlet 413 of gas-liquid separator 41 passes through pipeline and pond
42 connections.
Gas-liquid separator and the outlet valve of back pressure system connect, for Experimental Flowing Object to be separated, the gas and liquid isolated
Body is respectively outputted to gas production bag and pond.Recovery system is mainly used for collecting the exhaust gas and waste liquid of the generation in experiment.
Some specific embodiments according to the present invention, wherein the data collection system 5 includes at least three pressure sensings
Device 511,512,513, at least one differential pressure pickup 52, at least one gas flowmeter 53 and an at least computer 54；Its
In three pressure sensors be separately positioned on the outlet end 151 of gas intermediate receptacle 15, ring pressure tracker 23 241 and of outlet end
The outlet end 321 of high-pressure pump 32；The differential pressure pickup 52 is connect with the input end 211 of core holding unit 21 and outlet end 212；
The gas flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline that gas-liquid separator 41 is connect with gas production bag 43；The pressure sensor 511,512,
513, differential pressure pickup 52 and gas flowmeter 53 are electrically connected with computer 54 respectively.
A pressure sensor is respectively connected at gas intermediate receptacle, ring pressure tracker, high-precision high voltage pump discharge end, is used for
Real-time monitoring displacement pressure, confining pressure and back pressure in experiment.A differential pressure pickup is connected at clamper import and export end, for supervising
Survey displacement pressure difference.The arrival end of the ring pressure tracker is connect with the pressure sensor at back-pressure valve, is exploited for oil-gas reservoir
In simulation process, confining pressure is made to synchronize variation with the variation of back pressure according to formula (3).The arrival end of the displacement pressure tracker
It is connect with the differential pressure pickup of pressure sensor and core import and export end at back-pressure valve, exploits simulation process for oil-gas reservoir
In, so that displacement pressure is synchronized variation with the variation of back pressure according to formula (4).The arrival end gas flowmeter of the gas production bag,
For recording the gas flow in experimentation.It include data acquisition module, data processing module sum number in the computer
According to memory module.Data acquisition module collects the data of pressure sensor, differential pressure pickup and gas flowmeter record, and transmits
To data processing module；Data processing module can be obtained in experimentation between core permeability-effective stress by analysis
Relationship etc.；Data storage module can store up the data that the data of data collecting module collected and data processing module obtain
It deposits.
In the present invention, " optional " indicates that it can occur, can not also occur；In other words, optional skill
Art scheme is to indicate a kind of technical solution further modified on the basis of former technical solution, for example preferred technical side
Case.
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method and devices.Method of the invention
It has the advantages that
Due to using the technology described above, the advantage is that can obtain the present invention according to the practical geologic information of oil-gas reservoir
In developing of reservoirs, reservoir burden pressure with pore pressure quantitative variation relation.It, can by the aging process in experiment
Eliminate the influence of the microcrack and core holding unit gum cover gap of the unlatching of boring sample process to experimental result.Matched experiment dress
Set can be achieved simulation recovery process, the function of confining pressure and internal pressure synchronous change, and can solve experiment in displacement pressure difference stablize compared with
The problem of difference.The experimental method and device can be in developing of reservoirs, and reservoir changes the stress under path in true stress
Sensitive features are studied.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 1 flow chart of steps of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the equipment connection schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of the beneficial effect of the specific embodiment implementation process that the present invention will be described in detail and generation, it is intended to which help is read
Reader more fully understands essence and feature of the invention, does not limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, this example provides what a set of simulation tight gas reservoir reservoir burden pressure changed simultaneously with pore pressure
Stress sensitive experiment test device, including injected system 1, core model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 and data are adopted
Collecting system 5.The core holding unit 21 of core model system 2 is connect with the valve 188 of injected system 1, core holding unit 21 it is another
One end is connect by valve 242 with the back-pressure valve 31 of back pressure system；31 other end of back-pressure valve passes through valve 332 and recovery system 4
Gas-liquid separator 41 connect；The data collection system passes through pressure sensor 511, pressure sensor 512, pressure respectively
Sensor 513, gas flowmeter 53 are connect with injected system, core model system, back pressure system, recovery system, realize data
Acquisition.
Injected system 1 is by high-purity methane high pressure gas cylinder 11, air compressor 12, booster pump 13, gas intermediate receptacle 15, drive
For pressure tracking instrument 14, twin cylinder pump 16, vacuum pump 17, injected system valve 181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188
Composition.High-purity methane high pressure gas cylinder 11 connects booster pump 13 by injected system valve 181, and 13 upper end of booster pump and air compress
Machine 12 connects, and outlet end is connect by injected system valve 182, injected system valve 183 with gas intermediate receptacle 15, is gas
Intermediate receptacle 15 provides stable high-pressure air source；14 outlet end 141 of displacement pressure tracker passes through injected system valve 186 and gas
Body intermediate receptacle 15 connects, and stable high-pressure air source is provided for core model system, and adjust the internal pressure of model system；It is double
Cylinder pump 16 provides stable source of water for core model system, is saturated water flooding for rock core；Vacuum pump 17 and injected system valve 187
Combination, can carry out evacuation processing to core model system.
Core model system 2 include core holding unit 21, insulating box 22, ring pressure tracker 23, model system valve 241,
242.21 are equipped with rock sample in core holding unit, and (rock core clamps rubber sleeve in Fig. 2 between rock sample and the shell of core holding unit 21
The shaded side of device 21), ring presses tracker 23 by model system valve 241 and 21 external connection of clamper, for mentioning for rock core
For confining pressure.Core holding unit 21 is placed in insulating box 22, to simulate reservoir actual temperature environment.21 other end of core holding unit
It is connect by core model system valve 242 with back pressure system 3.
Back pressure system 3 includes back-pressure valve 31, high-precision high voltage pump 32, back pressure system valve 331,332.High-precision high voltage pump
32 are connect by back pressure system valve 331 with back-pressure valve 31, for adjusting the pressure of back-pressure valve 31, can control simulation recovery process
In output pressure, 31 other end of back-pressure valve connect by back pressure system valve 332 with recovery system 4.
Recovery system 4 includes gas-liquid separator 41, pond 42, gas production bag 43.Gas-liquid separator 41 and back pressure system valve
332 connections, for separating Experimental Flowing Object, the gas isolated and liquid are respectively outputted to gas production bag 43 and pond 42.Recycling
System is mainly used for collecting the exhaust gas and waste liquid of the generation in experiment.
Data collection system includes pressure sensor 511,512,513, differential pressure pickup 52, gas flowmeter 53, is calculated
Machine 54.Pressure sensor 511,512,513 pumps 32 with gas intermediate receptacle 15, ring pressure tracker 23, high-precision high voltage respectively
Outlet end 151,231,321 connects, for real-time monitoring displacement pressure, confining pressure and back pressure in testing.In the disengaging of clamper 21
Mouth end 211,212 connects differential pressure pickup 52, for monitoring displacement pressure difference.Ring presses the arrival end 232 of tracker 23 and pressure to pass
Sensor 513 connects, for making confining pressure synchronize variation with the variation of back pressure according to formula (3) in oil-gas reservoir exploitation simulation process.It drives
It is connect for the arrival end 142 of pressure tracking instrument 14 with pressure sensor 513 and differential pressure pickup 52, for oil-gas reservoir exploitation simulation
In the process, displacement pressure is made to synchronize variation with the variation of back pressure according to formula (4).The arrival end of gas production bag 43 connects gas flow
Meter 53, for recording the gas flow in experimentation.It include data acquisition module, data processing module sum number in computer 54
According to memory module.Data acquisition module collect pressure sensor 511,512,513, differential pressure pickup 52 and gas flowmeter 53 remember
The data of record, and it is transferred to data processing module；Data processing module can be obtained rock core in experimentation and permeated by analysis
Relationship etc. between rate-effective stress；Data storage module can be by the data and data processing module of data collecting module collected
Obtained data are stored.
As shown in Figure 1, being answered using above-mentioned apparatus test tight gas reservoir reservoir burden pressure with what pore pressure changed simultaneously
The method of power sensibility the following steps are included:
(1) the practical geologic information of tight gas reservoir is obtained, comprising: the mechanical property of the shape of reservoir, reservoir and country rock is poor
Different, reservoir aspect ratio, depth parameter, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, non-reservoir Poisson's ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir are wide
The basic parameters such as degree, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock density, porosity, the Biot coefficient of consolidation.
(2) it according to the shape of reservoir and the differences of mechanical properties of reservoir and country rock, selects to calculate reservoir pressure arch from table 1
The formula of ratio, and acquire pressure arch ratio.If the modulus of shearing of reservoir and country rock ratio is between 0.8-1.2, reservoir and coffer mechanics
Matter difference is smaller, selects inclusion enclave theoretical, otherwise selects heterogeneous theory.
(3) reservoir rock initial formation pressure p is determined0, initial burden pressure σ0.Reservoir rock initial formation pressure p0By
Hydrostatic pressure gradient conversion, calculates according to formula (1).Initial burden pressure σ0It is calculated according to formula (2).
(4) determine confining pressure and displacement pressure with the variation relation of back pressure.The relationship of confining pressure σ and back pressure can indicate by formula (3),
The relationship of displacement pressure and back pressure can be indicated by formula (4).
(5) instrument Initialize installation.Laboratory apparatus is assembled according to the Experimental equipment of Fig. 2, and is returned to zero to instrument initial value,
The experimental temperature of insulating box 22 is set.Valve 184 is closed, is transferred to the gas of high-purity methane high pressure gas cylinder 11 using booster pump 13
Into gas intermediate receptacle 15.Valve 182 is closed, the pressure of 14 regulating gas intermediate receptacle 15 of displacement pressure tracker is utilized.
After stablizing, valve 184 is slowly opened, is transferred to high pressure gas slowly in experimental system, carry out work pressure test, check device is close
Feng Xing.Confining pressure and displacement pressure are separately input to the drop of ring pressure tracker and displacement pressure tracker with the variation relation of back pressure
Press tracing mode.
(6) rock core irreducible water saturation is restored.Firstly, closing valve 184, valve 185, valve 242, rock core constant temperature is dried
Dry 48h.Then, valve 187, valve 188 are opened, to rock core vacuumizing and is weighed using vacuum pump 17.Then, valve is closed
187, valve 185, valve 188, valve 242 are opened, water flooding is saturated for 24 hours to rock core using twin cylinder pump 16.Finally, closing valve
185, valve 184 is opened, establishes irreducible water saturation using the water flooding in high-purity methane displacement rock core, and using weight method.
(7) rock core aging process.Confining pressure and pore pressure are applied to rock core, confining pressure is controlled by ring pressure tracker 23, by height
Precision high-pressure pump 32 controls back pressure, controls inlet pressure by displacement pressure tracker 14.Tracing mode and displacement pressure are pressed in ring
Under tracing mode, pore pressure and confining pressure are increased as step-length, using 0.5h as interval is slowly synchronous using 1MPa, it is ensured that confining pressure is at least big
In pore pressure 5.0MPa.When pore pressure increases to 5.0MPa, holding pore pressure is constant, using 1MPa as step-length, with 0.5h
Increase confining pressure to 15MPa for interval, confining pressure is repeatedly recycled to release between 15-10MPa and pressurization carries out aging process.At aging
During reason, maximum effective stress is less than original effective stress, to prevent from causing the reduction of permeability because of ageing process.Aging
The microcrack generated during boring sample and core holding unit rubber cuff gap can be effectively reduced to experimental result in process
Influence.
(8) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are restored.After the completion of aging process, further pressurizes to rock core, guarantee to enclose
Pressure is at least more than pore pressure 5.0MPa, in the case where ring presses tracing mode and displacement pressure tracing mode, using 1MPa as step-length, with
0.5h, which is that interval is slowly synchronous, increases pore pressure and confining pressure, until pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, then keeps
Pore pressure is constant, and confining pressure is risen to original overburden pressure as step-length, by interval of 0.5h using 1MPa.
(9) stress sensitive of the simulation reservoir in recovery process.It is with 3-4MPa by 32 control back pressure of high-precision high voltage pump
Step-length is gradually reduced by interval of 0.5-1h, in the case where ring presses tracing mode and displacement pressure tracing mode, respectively according to formula (3)
With formula (4) synchronous adjustment confining pressure and displacement pressure, it is ensured that for confining pressure at least more than pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure difference is 1.5
~2MPa, and remain unchanged.Displacement pressure difference is greater than 2MPa and is easy to appear high speed non-darcy flow, is easy to produce cunning less than 1.5MPa
De- seepage flow.Pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure.In each test pressure spot, after flowing stable 0.5h
The data of recording flowmeter 53, pressure sensor 511, pressure sensor 512, pressure sensor 513, differential pressure pickup 52.
(10) data process&analysis.The data recorded to computer 54 carry out processing analysis, and each test point can be obtained
Under permeability, draw permeability-effective stress relation curve, so that sunykatuib analysis reservoir is in practical recovery process, on
Stress sensitive feature when overlying strata stressor layer and pore pressure change simultaneously.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test method, wherein described method includes following steps:
(1) practical geologic information is obtained；The geologic information includes the shape of reservoir and the differences of mechanical properties of reservoir and country rock；
It further include aspect ratio, depth parameter, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, the non-reservoir Poisson's ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir of reservoir
The combination of one or more of width, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock density, porosity and the Biot coefficient of consolidation；
(2) according to the differences of mechanical properties of the shape of reservoir and reservoir and country rock, selection calculates the formula of reservoir pressure arch ratio；When
The modulus of shearing of reservoir and country rock ratio selects inclusion enclave theoretical, otherwise selects heterogeneous theory between 0.8-1.2；
(3) reservoir rock initial formation pressure and initial burden pressure are determined；
(4) determine confining pressure and displacement pressure with the variation relation of back pressure；
The relationship of confining pressure σ and back pressure can be indicated by formula (3):
In formula, σ is confining pressure, units MPa；phFor back pressure, units MPa；α is the Biot coefficient of consolidation；Δ p is displacement pressure difference, unit
MPa；γ is pressure arch ratio；p0For reservoir rock initial formation pressure；σ0For initial burden pressure；
Displacement pressure pdIt can be indicated by formula (4) with the relationship of back pressure:
pd=ph+Δp (4)
In formula, pdFor displacement pressure, units MPa；
(5) rock core of the intrinsic fracture agensis taken is restored to initial irreducible water saturation, comprising: dry rock core, so
Afterwards to weighing after rock core vacuumizing, water flooding is saturated to rock core, then with the water flooding in methane displacement rock core until rock core reaches
To original irreducible water saturation, and use weight method determines the water saturation of rock core；
(6) aging process is carried out to rock core, comprising: confining pressure and pore pressure are applied to rock core, and ensure that confining pressure compares pore pressure
Big 5.0-10MPa sets pore pressure, then in confining pressure variable range, it is repeated multiple times to rock core carry out confining pressure load and
Unloading operation；
(7) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are restored, including further increasing pressure to the rock core after aging process,
It is synchronous to increase pore pressure and confining pressure, maintain confining pressure 5.0-10MPa bigger than pore pressure, until pore pressure increases to primitively
Stressor layer, confining pressure rise to original overburden pressure；
(8) stress sensitive of the simulation reservoir in recovery process；
(9) data processing and analysis.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, described dry rock core of step (5) is dried at a temperature of 100-110 DEG C
Dry 48-60h.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the described step (5) is to be evacuated to 100- to rock core vacuumizing
133Pa。
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the described step (5) is saturation water flooding 24- to rock core saturation water flooding
36h。
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, setting pore pressure described in step (6) is to set pore pressure
For 5.0-8.0MPa.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, step (7) be using 0.5-1MPa as step-length, it is same by interval of 0.5-1h
Step increases pore pressure and confining pressure.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, simulating stress sensitive of the reservoir in recovery process includes control back pressure
It gradually reduces, and synchronous adjustment confining pressure and displacement pressure, it is ensured that confining pressure is at least more than pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure difference
1.5~2MPa, and remaining unchanged, pore pressure are the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure, in each test pressure spot, to
The data of recording flowmeter, pressure sensor and differential pressure pickup after stable 0.5h.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein, it is to control back pressure with 3-4MPa as step that the control back pressure, which gradually reduces,
It is long, it is gradually reduced by interval of 0.5-1h.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, step (2) is according to the shape and reservoir of reservoir and the mechanical property of country rock
Matter difference calculates the formula of reservoir pressure arch ratio according to following selection:
10. a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test device, wherein described device includes injected system (1), core model system
(2), back pressure system (3), recovery system (4) and data collection system (5)；The core model system (2) is separately connected note
Enter system (1) and back pressure system (3)；Back pressure system (3) is connect with recovery system (4) again；The injected system (1), rock core
Model system (2), back pressure system (3), recovery system (4) are connect with data collection system (5) respectively, realize data acquisition；Institute
Stating injected system (1) includes high pressure gas cylinder (11), air compressor (12), booster pump (13), displacement pressure tracker (14), gas
Body intermediate receptacle (15), twin cylinder pump (16) and vacuum pump (17)；High pressure gas cylinder (11) and booster pump (13) by pipeline sequence with
Core model system (2) connection, on the pipeline that booster pump is connected with core model system, passes through pipeline by starting point of booster pump
Sequence is connect with the outlet end (151) of gas intermediate receptacle (15), twin cylinder pump (16) and vacuum pump (17), gas intermediate receptacle
(15) arrival end (152) is also connect by pipeline with displacement pressure tracker (14)；The model system (2) includes rock core folder
Holder (21), insulating box (22) and ring pressure tracker (23)；Core holding unit (21) setting is in insulating box (22), institute
It states core holding unit (21) one end to connect by pipeline with the booster pump (13) of injected system (1), the other end is by pipeline and returns
Pressure system (3) connection；The core holding unit (21) is connect by pipeline with ring pressure tracker (23)；The back pressure system (3)
Including back-pressure valve (31) and high-pressure pump (32)；The back-pressure valve (31) is clamped by pipeline and the rock core of model system (2) respectively
Device (21), recovery system (4) and high-pressure pump (32) connection；The recovery system (4) includes gas-liquid separator (41), pond (42)
With gas production bag (43)；The entrance (411) of gas-liquid separator (41) is connect by pipeline with the back-pressure valve (31) of back pressure system (3),
The gas vent (412) of gas-liquid separator (41) is connect by pipeline with gas production bag (43), the liquid discharge of gas-liquid separator (41)
Mouth (413) is connect by pipeline with pond (42)；The data collection system (5) include at least three pressure sensors (511,
512,513), at least one differential pressure pickup (52), at least one gas flowmeter (53) and an at least computer (54)；
Wherein three pressure sensors are separately positioned on the outlet end (151) of gas intermediate receptacle (15), ring presses going out for tracker (23)
The outlet end (321) of mouth end (231) and high-pressure pump (32)；The input end of the differential pressure pickup (52) and core holding unit (21)
(211) it is connected with outlet end (212)；The pipe connecting in gas-liquid separator (41) with gas production bag (43) is arranged in the gas flowmeter
On the road；The pressure sensor (511,512,513), differential pressure pickup (52) and gas flowmeter (53) respectively with computer
(54) it is electrically connected；The pressure of the outlet end (321) of the arrival end (232) and high-pressure pump (32) of ring pressure tracker (23) passes
Sensor connection, the pressure of the outlet end (321) of the arrival end (142) and high-pressure pump (32) of the displacement pressure tracker (14)
Sensor and the differential pressure pickup (52) at core import and export end connect, and include data acquisition module, data in the computer
Processing module and data memory module.
11. device according to claim 10, wherein the injected system further includes at least eight injected system valves:
First valve (181), the second valve (182), third valve (183), the 4th valve (184), the 5th valve (185), the 6th valve
Door (186), the 7th valve (187) and the 8th valve (188), wherein the first valve (181) is arranged in high-purity methane high pressure gas cylinder
(11) on the pipeline between booster pump (13), the second valve (182), the 4th valve (184) and the 8th valve (188) sequence
It is arranged on the pipeline between booster pump (13) and core holding unit (21) and the second valve (182) and the 4th valve (184) is set
It sets on the pipeline between booster pump (13) and twin cylinder pump (16), the setting of the 8th valve (188) is pressed from both sides in vacuum pump (17) and rock core
On pipeline between holder (21), the pipeline between the second valve (182) and the 4th valve (184) passes through third valve (183)
With the piping connection between gas intermediate receptacle (15) and the pressure sensor being connect with gas intermediate receptacle (15), twin cylinder pump
(16) pass through the piping connection between the 5th valve (185) and the 4th valve (184) and the 8th valve (188), the 6th valve
(186) it is arranged on pipeline between gas intermediate receptacle (15) and displacement pressure tracker (14), vacuum pump (17) passes through the
Piping connection between seven valves (187) and the 4th valve (184) and the 8th valve (188)；The core model system (2) is also
Including at least two model system valves (241,242), the model system valve is separately positioned on connection core holding unit
(21) and on the pipeline of ring pressure tracker (23) and on core holding unit (21) and the pipeline of back pressure system (3) connection.
12. device according to claim 10, wherein the back pressure system further includes at least two back pressure system valves
(331,332)；The back pressure system valve is separately positioned on the pipeline that back-pressure valve (31) is connect with high-pressure pump (32) and returns
In pressure valve (31) and the pipeline of recovery system (4) connection.
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| CN108254526A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-07-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Gas reservoir development simulation system and gas reservoir development simulation method based on same |
| CN109238938B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-10-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Stress sensitive experimental provision and its method under triaxial state of stress |
| US11604126B2 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-03-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Determining when applied stress to a core rock sample has equilibrated in the core rock sample |
| CN109632557B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-11-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase saturated coal rock sample experimental device and saturation testing method |
| CN110220787A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-10 | 四川大学 | A kind of load path method of measurement crack rock test specimen water rock coupling weakened treatment |
| CN110566195B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-11-22 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Experimental method for evaluating gas reservoir stress sensitivity under stratum condition by considering bound water |
| CN110470581B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and device for determining stress sensitivity of reservoir and storage medium |
| CN114112831B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-01-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Volcanic oil-gas reservoir development method and volcanic compressibility acquisition device |
| CN113029898B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-04-15 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for testing dynamic flow conductivity of crack and gas supply capacity of bedrock |
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