CN106383221A - Stratum stress sensitive experiment testing method and device - Google Patents
Stratum stress sensitive experiment testing method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a stratum stress sensitive experiment testing method and device. The method comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining actual geological data; (2) selecting a formula for calculating a reservoir stratum pressure arch ratio according to a shape of a reservoir stratum and dynamic property difference of the reservoir stratum and surrounding rock; (3) determining initial reservoir stratum pressure and initial overburden pressure of reservoir stratum rock; (4) determining a change relation of confining pressure and driving pressure along return pressure; (5) recovering a rock core with undeveloped natural fractures to an original confined water saturation degree; (6) carrying out ageing treatment on the rock core; (7) recovering original stress and fluid pressure of the rock core; (8) simulating stress sensibility of the reservoir stratum in an exploitation process; (9) processing and analyzing data. According to the stratum stress sensitive experiment testing method and device, a quantitative change relation of the overburden pressure of the reservoir stratum along pore pressure in an oil-gas reservoir development process can be obtained according to the actual geological data of oil-gas reservoirs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of petroleum exploitation, specifically, be related to a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment method of testing and
Device.
Background technology
Hyposmosis and extra-low permeability oil gas field reserves are not employed in petroleum-in-place in China and are occupied larger proportion, are us
The resource base producing in state's petroleum industry increasing the storage, its rationally effective exploitation has most important to the development of China Petroleum
Effect.Want reasonable development Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs, understanding low permeability reservoir particularity under development is important prerequisite.
The buried oil-gas reservoir in underground, its reservoir rock is subject to overburden pressure and surrounding lateral pressure and hole simultaneously
The effect of Fluid pressure, before oil-gas reservoir is untapped, its stress system is in poised state.And in oilfield development process,
Because subsurface material is in debt or crustal stress release, formation pore fluid pressure drop, the effective stress that rock matrix is subject to increases,
Rock matrix deforms so that the physical parameter such as the permeability of rock and porosity changes, this change due to stress field
The phenomenon that the reservoir properties leading to change, is just called stress sensitive effect.Numerous studies show both at home and abroad, and low permeability reservoir exists
Stronger stress sensitive effect.Stress sensitivity joins the side such as product and ultimate recovery in well net deployment, production pressure differential, Oil/gas Well
Mask has a major impact.Therefore get the stress sensitivity of low permeability reservoir clear for the impact of LOW PERMEABILITY OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT and its impact
Mode has important practical significance.
The stress sensitivity of reservoir typically passes through in-house laboratory investigation.Current experimental technique is greatly all referring to professional standard
" reservoir sensitivity flowing experiment evaluation method " is come to carry out, and with reference to this standard, the stress sensitivity of reservoir is evaluated.
In terms of experiment stress loading, current stress sensitive experiment all by overlying rock gravity all act on reservoir based on grinding
Study carefully the stress sensitive effect of reservoir.And in fact, during oil-gas mining, reservoir overburden pressure is not unalterable
's.Reservoir mesopore Fluid pressure is big near wellbore pressure drop, and remote well area pressure drop is little, and is in funnel type distribution substantially, this
Uneven pore fluid pressure distribution will lead to reservoir and overburden stress skewness, thus producing inhomogeneous deformation,
Overlying rock will produce pressure arching.Pressure arching makes the overlying rock gravity of reservoir rock carrying along principal stress side
To being transferred in the rock stratum beyond pressure arch so that the burden pressure acting on reservoir reduces.It is currently based on reservoir burden pressure
The true stress path of reservoir rock when constant stress sensitive experiment can not reflect oil-gas mining.Therefore, set up and a set of cover pressure
The stress sensitive experimental technique simultaneously changing with pore pressure, and the experimental provision of respective design set of complementary has important meaning
Justice.
According to experiment loading stress condition, current stress sensitive experiment can be divided mainly into confined pressure stress sensitive and tests and interior
Compression sensitive experiment.Two methods are uniaxial strain experiment, that is, think that reservoir rock only exists under the conditions of crustal stress vertical
To strain, horizontal direction no strains.Additionally, two methods all assume that reservoir overburden pressure is constant, reservoir is vertical effect
Power is linearly increasing with the reduction of reservoir pore pressure, passes through fixing pore pressure respectively in an experiment, increases confined pressure and fixation
Confined pressure, reduces pore pressure to simulate the linearly increasing of effective stress.
(1) become confined pressure and determine internal pressure stress sensitive experiment method
Become confined pressure to determine internal pressure method is traditional stress sensitive experimental test procedures.This method is by actual for oil-gas reservoir exploitation
During reservoir pore pressure descend through effective stress be converted into confined pressure increase it is ensured that rock core carry out become confined pressure constant
The effective stress being subject in internal pressure experimentation is equivalent to the effective stress during pore pressure declines during oil-gas mining.
Become confined pressure stress sensitive laboratory reference " SY/T5358-2002 reservoir sensitivity flowing experiment evaluation method ", method of testing is simple,
It is easy to operate and control.
2011, Jiao Chunyan adopted Auto-floodTM (AFS300TM) the displacement evaluation system that American core company provides
System, full-hole core that Ordos Basin Triassic system Oil in Super-low Permeability is appeared carries out change confined pressure and determines internal pressure stress sensitivity assessment.Should
System includes pressure automatic control system data automated collection systems.Back pressure system, confined pressure system are multistage by high accuracy
Plunger displacement pump is with constant voltage mode control.Injection displacement system could be arranged to constant current speed or constant voltage displacement mould according to requirement of experiment
Formula.For the pressure reduction of more precise acquisition to rock core two ends, laboratory employs the High Linear differential pressure pickup of 3 different ranges.
The experimentation of the method is：1. rock core constant temperature drying 48h, the length of measurement rock core, diameter and perm-plug method；
2. rock core vacuumizing, abundant saturation kerosene 48h weigh；3. rock core is put into core holding unit, connect flow process, initial to instrument
Value zeroing；4. rock core is pressurizeed, plus confined pressure is to 8.97MPa, each pressure increases 3.45MPa, and add-back is depressed into 3.45MPa, and protects
Hold constant；5. open the intermediate receptacle valve of oil of coalingging, carry out kerosene single phase fluid flow experiment, record rock core is under different pressure reduction
Pressure reduction and flow, by the slope of regression straight line, calculate the liquid infiltration rate under this effective stress；6. it is stepped up confined pressure to lay equal stress on
5., until confined pressure is increased to 37.93MPa, release, termination of pumping, experiment terminates multiple step.
The shortcoming of this experimental technique and experimental provision is：The rock core STRESS VARIATION path adopting in experiment is actual with oil gas field
The actual conditions that in development process, Fluid pressure diminishes do not meet；Experimentation does not carry out burin-in process, during boring sample
The impact to experimental result of the microcrack opened and the gap of clamper rubber cuff is larger；Because injected system only has high pressure
Fluid cylinder, does not have high-pressure air source, and device can only simulate seepage flow in reservoir for the single-phase liquid it is impossible to consider the impact of gas phase；Due to
Lack insulating box, device can not simulate the temperature conditionss of initial reservoir.
(2) become internal pressure and determine confined pressure stress sensitive experimental technique
Traditional change confined pressure determines the actual feelings that internal pressure experiment test is diminished with oil gas field actual development process medium fluid pressure
Condition does not meet.In recent years, scholars propose and become the method that internal pressure determines external pressure.Although this kind mode is complex and operation is tired
Difficulty, but can preferably simulate the development process of oil-gas reservoir, thus also can obtain relatively reliable experimental result.
2015, Gao Tao took the experimental test procedures determining confined pressure fall internal pressure to carry out stress sensitivity to X block rock core
Experiment.In this experiment, increase back-pressure valve in the rock core port of export, outlet pressure is controlled by back-pressure valve, using air pressure pump
Control inlet pressure, to simulate hole by controlling displacement pressure and the magnitude of pressure differential (confined pressure suffered by holding rock core is constant) of back pressure
The change of gap pressure, and then measure the Changing Pattern with effective stress for the permeability.Experiment is carried out in insulating box, can simulate reality
Reservoir temperature condition.Confined pressure is controlled using ring press pump, synchronization changes with the change of back pressure can to make pressure process confined pressure.
The experimentation of the method is：1. rock core constant temperature drying 48h, the length of measurement rock core, diameter and perm-plug method；
2. rock core vacuumizing, abundant saturation kerosene 48h weigh；3. rock core is put into core holding unit, connect flow process, initial to instrument
Value zeroing；4. burin-in process is carried out to rock core；5. to rock core pressurization it is ensured that confined pressure is more than Pore Pressure 5.0MPa, press in ring and follow the tracks of
Under pattern, slowly synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure, until pore pressure increases to 30MPa, confined pressure is risen to 40MPa；6. real
When testing, setting confined pressure is constant pressure mode, and that is, holding confined pressure 40MPa is constant, and internal pressure is gradually lowered with 3.0MPa for step-length, often
Individual test, after stablizing 2 hours, records pressure reduction under different pressure reduction for the rock core and flow, by the slope of regression straight line, calculates
Liquid infiltration rate under this effective stress；7. gradually reduce internal pressure repeat step 6., until internal pressure is reduced to abandonment pressure, unload
Pressure, termination of pumping, experiment terminates.
The shortcoming of this experimental technique and experimental provision is：The rock core STRESS VARIATION path adopting in experiment is actual with oil gas field
In development process, Fluid pressure diminishes, and the actual conditions that overburden pressure also diminishes therewith do not meet；Pass through displacement in experiment
Pressure controls displacement pressure reduction with back pressure, and the stability of displacement pressure reduction is poor, and experimental implementation is more difficult, if test medium is for inciting somebody to action during gas
Affected by certain slippage effect.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment method of testing；The method is a kind of simulation
In developing of reservoirs, the stress sensitive experimental test procedures that reservoir burden pressure and pore pressure change simultaneously；
This method of testing can obtain the quantitation with pore pressure for the reservoir burden pressure according to the actual geologic information of oil-gas reservoir
Variation relation, and can eliminate in an experiment boring sample process unlatching microcrack and core holding unit gum cover gap to experiment
The impact of result.The experimental provision of design can achieve simulation recovery process, the function of confined pressure and internal pressure synchronous change, and can solve
In certainly testing, displacement pressure reduction stablizes poor problem.This experimental technique and device can be in developing of reservoirs, and reservoir is true
Stress sensitive feature under real STRESS VARIATION path is studied.
Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test equipment.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment method of testing, wherein, institute
The method of stating comprises the steps：
(1) obtain actual geologic information；
(2) shape according to reservoir and reservoir and the differences of mechanical properties of country rock, select to calculate the public affairs that reservoir pressure encircles ratio
Formula；When the modulus of shearing ratio of reservoir and country rock is between 0.8-1.2, selects inclusion enclave theoretical, otherwise select heterogeneous body theoretical；
(3) the initial strata pressure of reservoir rock and initial burden pressure are determined；
(4) determine the confined pressure and displacement pressure variation relation with back pressure；
(5) the acquired obsolete rock core of intrinsic fracture is recovered to initial irreducible water saturation；
(6) burin-in process is carried out to rock core；
(7) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are recovered；
(8) simulate stress sensitive in recovery process for the reservoir；
(9) data processing and analysis.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described geologic information at least includes shape and the reservoir of reservoir
Differences of mechanical properties with country rock.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described geologic information also includes the aspect ratio of reservoir, depth ginseng
Number, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, non-reservoir Poisson's ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir width, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock are close
The combination of one or more of degree, porosity and the Biot coefficient of consolidation.
In step (2), those skilled in the art can be poor with the mechanical property of country rock according to the shape of reservoir and reservoir
Different, to select to calculate the formula that reservoir pressure encircles ratio accordingly, such as, selection can be carried out according to the following table：
Table 1 different shape reservoir pressure arch compares computational methods
In table, γ, pressure arch ratio；E, reservoir aspect ratio；υ, reservoir Poisson's ratio；υ * non-reservoir Poisson's ratio；Rμ, modulus of shearing
Than.
In step (3), those skilled in the art can determine reservoir rock initial strata pressure p according to existing method0
With initial burden pressure σ0；And according to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein：
Reservoir rock initial strata pressure p0Can be calculated according to Hydrostatic pressure gradient, computing formula is：
p0=ρlhg (1)
In formula, ρlFor the density of pore-fluid, unit g/cm3；H is reservoir buried depth, unit km；G is acceleration of gravity, single
Position 9.8m/s2.
Initial burden pressure σ0Refer to the rock matrix of overlying rock and pressure produced by the gross weight of pore-fluid, can
It is expressed as：
In formula, z is target layer depth, unit m；φ (z) is the porosity at depth z；ρGZ () is the rock at depth z
Skeletal density, units/kg/m3；ρfZ () is the pore-fluid density at depth z, units/kg/m3.
In step (4), those skilled in the art can determine confined pressure and displacement pressure with back pressure according to existing method
Variation relation；And according to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein：
Confined pressure σ can be represented by formula (3) with the relation of back pressure：
In formula, σ is confined pressure, units MPa；phFor back pressure, units MPa；α is the Biot coefficient of consolidation；Δ p is displacement pressure reduction,
Units MPa.
Displacement pressure pdCan be represented by formula (4) with the relation of back pressure：
pd=ph+Δp (4)
In formula, pdFor displacement pressure, units MPa.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, the initial irreducible water saturation to the rock core obtaining for the step (5)
Carry out recovering to include：Rock core is dried, then weighs to after rock core vacuumizing, to rock core saturation stratum water (using twin cylinder pump pair
Rock core saturation stratum water), then use methane displacement rock core in stratum water, and using weight method determine rock core containing water saturation
Degree.
Wherein it is understood that step (5) is that the water saturation of rock core is recovered the irreducible water to prime stratum
Saturation degree, so that stress sensitive experimental result is more reliable.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, rock core is dried 48- at a temperature of 100-110 DEG C by step (5)
60h, then weighs to after rock core vacuumizing.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, rock core is dried, then to rock core vacuumizing extremely by step (5)
Weigh after 100-133Pa.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (5) is to rock core saturation stratum water 24-36h, Ran Houyong
Stratum water in methane displacement rock core.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (5), to rock core saturation stratum water, is then driven with methane
For the stratum water in rock core until rock core reaches original irreducible water saturation.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (6) carries out burin-in process to rock core and includes：To rock core
Apply confined pressure and pore pressure, and guarantee confined pressure 5.0MPa at least bigger than pore pressure, set pore pressure, then in confined pressure
In variable range, repeated multiple times confined pressure loading and unloading operations are carried out to rock core.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (6) carries out burin-in process to rock core and includes：To rock core
Apply confined pressure and pore pressure, and guarantee confined pressure 5.0-10Mpa bigger than pore pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (6) pore pressure is set as 5.0-8Mpa.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (6) is with 0.5-1MPa as step-length, with 0.5-1h is
Interval synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (6) is to press pressurization tracing mode and displacement pressure in ring
Under pressurization tracing mode, with 0.5-1MPa as step-length, pore pressure and confined pressure are increased for interval synchronization with 0.5-1h.
During burin-in process, maximum effective stress is less than original effective stress, to prevent from causing because of ageing process to ooze
The reduction of rate thoroughly.
Ageing process can effectively reduce between the microcrack producing during boring sample and core holding unit rubber cuff
The impact to experimental result for the gap.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (7) carries out extensive to rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure
Include again the rock core after burin-in process is pressurizeed further, synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure, maintain confined pressure to compare pore pressure
At least big 5.0MPa, until pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, confined pressure is risen to original overburden pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (7) carries out extensive to rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure
Include again the rock core after burin-in process is pressurizeed further, synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure, maintain confined pressure to compare pore pressure
At least big 5.0-10Mpa.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (7) is with step-length 0.5-1MPa, is spaced 0.5-1h's
Speed sync increases pore pressure and confined pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (7) is to press tracing mode and displacement pressure to follow the tracks of in ring
Under pattern, with step-length 0.5-1MPa, the speed sync being spaced 0.5-1h increases pore pressure and confined pressure.
Wherein it is understood that when step (7) synchronously increases pore pressure and confined pressure, when one of them rises to original pressure
After power, another pressure continues to keep former speed to rise to reset pressure.
Such as, when step (7) synchronously increases pore pressure and confined pressure, when pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, so
Keep pore pressure constant afterwards, confined pressure is continued with 0.5-1MPa as step-length, original overlying rock is risen to for interval with 0.5-1h
Pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (8) simulates stress sensitive in recovery process for the reservoir
Including controlling back pressure with 3-4MPa as step-length, gradually reduced (using high-precision high voltage pump) with 0.5-1h for interval, and same step
, it is ensured that confined pressure is at least above pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure reduction is 1.5～2MPa, and keeps for whole confined pressure and displacement pressure
Constant, pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure, in each test pressure point, record stream after stablizing 0.5h
The data of gauge, pressure sensor and differential pressure pickup.
Pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure.
In each test pressure point, recording flowmeter, pressure sensor and differential pressure pickup after the stable 0.5h that flows
Data.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, step (9) data processing and analysis include：Number to record
According to carrying out Treatment Analysis, obtain the permeability under each test point, draw the relation curve of permeability-effective stress, thus mould
Intend analysis stress sensitive feature in actual recovery process, when overburden pressure and pore pressure change simultaneously for the reservoir.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, also include to instrument Initialize installation before step (5) starts
Step.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, the step of instrument Initialize installation is included：Assemble real first
Test instrument, instrument is carried out with work pressure test, check device sealing, then instrument initial value is returned to zero, the experiment of setting insulating box
Temperature, confined pressure and displacement pressure are separately input to, with the variation relation of back pressure, the fall that ring presses tracker and displacement pressure tracker
Pressure tracing mode.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test device, wherein, described device includes
Injected system 1, core model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 and data collecting system 5；Described core model system
2 connect injected system 1 and back pressure system 3 respectively；Back pressure system 3 is connected with recovery system 4 again；Described injected system 1, rock core
Model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 are connected with data collecting system 5 respectively, realize data acquisition.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described injected system 1 includes gas cylinder 11 (high-purity methane
Gas cylinder), air compressor 12, booster pump 13, displacement pressure tracker 14, gas intermediate receptacle 15, twin cylinder pump 16 and true
Empty pump 17；Gas cylinder 11 and booster pump 13 are connected with core model system 2 by pipeline order, in booster pump and core model
On the pipeline that system connects, with booster pump for starting point by the port of export 151 of pipeline order and gas intermediate receptacle 15, twin cylinder pump
16 and vavuum pump 17 connect, the arrival end 152 of gas intermediate receptacle 15 is connected with displacement pressure tracker 14 also by pipeline；Its
In preferably described injected system also include at least eight injected system valves 181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,
Described injected system valve is separately positioned between each equipment and pipeline crosspoint.
High-purity methane gas cylinder connects booster pump by pipeline, is provided stable for gas intermediate receptacle by booster pump
High-pressure air source；Displacement pressure tracker is connected with gas intermediate receptacle, provides stable high-pressure air source for core model system, and
Adjust the internal pressure of model system；Twin cylinder pump provides stable source of water for core model system, for rock core saturation stratum water；Take out
Empty pump and valve combination, can carry out evacuation process to core model system.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described model system 2 includes core holding unit 21, insulating box
22 and ring pressure tracker 23；Described core holding unit 21 is arranged in insulating box 22, described, described core holding unit 21 one end
It is connected with the booster pump 13 of injected system 1 by pipeline, the other end is connected with back pressure system 3 by pipeline；Described rock core clamping
Device 21 passes through pipeline and presses tracker 23 to be connected with ring；Preferably described model system 2 also includes at least two model system valves
241st, 242, described model system valve is separately positioned on and connects on core holding unit 21 and the pipeline of ring pressure tracker 23, and
On the pipeline of core holding unit 21 and back pressure system 3 connection.
Equipped with rock sample in described clamper, rubber sleeve between described rock sample and the shell of clamper, described ring
Pressure tracker passes through valve and clamper external connection, for providing confined pressure for rock core.Described clamper is located in insulating box,
To simulate reservoir actual temperature environment.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described back pressure system 3 includes back-pressure valve 31 and high-pressure pump 32
(high-precision high voltage pump)；Described back-pressure valve 31 pass through respectively the core holding unit 21 of pipeline and model system 2, recovery system 4 and
High-pressure pump 32 connects；Preferably described back pressure system also includes at least two back pressure system valves 331,332；Described back pressure system valve
Door is separately positioned on the pipeline that back-pressure valve 31 is connected with high-pressure pump 32 and recovery system 4.
High-pressure pump is connected with back-pressure valve by valve, for adjusting the pressure of back-pressure valve, can control in simulation recovery process
Output pressure.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described recovery system 4 includes gas-liquid separator 41, pond 42
With gas production bag 43；The entrance 411 of gas-liquid separator 41 is connected with the back-pressure valve 31 of back pressure system 3 by pipeline, gas-liquid separator
41 gas vent 412 is connected with gas production bag 43 by pipeline, and the liquid outlet 413 of gas-liquid separator 41 passes through pipeline and pond
42 connections.
Gas-liquid separator is connected with the outlet valve of back pressure system, for Experimental Flowing Object is separated, the gas isolated and liquid
Body is respectively outputted to gas production bag and pond.Recovery system is mainly used in collecting the waste gas of generation in experiment and waste liquid.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, wherein, described data collecting system 5 includes at least three pressure sensings
Device 511,512,513, at least one differential pressure pickup 52, at least one gas flowmeter 53 and at least one computer 54；Its
In three pressure sensors are separately positioned on the port of export 151 of gas intermediate receptacle 15, ring presses the port of export 241 and of tracker 23
The port of export 321 of high-pressure pump 32；Described differential pressure pickup 52 is connected with the entrance point 211 of core holding unit 21 and the port of export 212；
Described gas flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline that gas-liquid separator 41 is connected with gas production bag 43；Described pressure sensor 51, pressure reduction
Sensor 52 and gas flowmeter 53 are electrically connected with computer 54 respectively.
Press tracker, high-precision high voltage pump discharge end respectively to connect a pressure sensor in gas intermediate receptacle, ring, be used for
Real-time monitoring displacement pressure, confined pressure and back pressure in experiment.Connect a differential pressure pickup at clamper import and export end, for supervising
Survey displacement pressure reduction.Described ring presses the arrival end of tracker to be connected with the pressure sensor at back-pressure valve, for oil-gas reservoir exploitation
In simulation process, confined pressure is made to change according to formula (3) is synchronous with the change of back pressure.The arrival end of described displacement pressure tracker
It is connected with the differential pressure pickup of the pressure sensor at back-pressure valve and rock core entrance end, exploit simulation process for oil-gas reservoir
In, so that displacement pressure is changed according to formula (4) is synchronous with the change of back pressure.The arrival end gas flowmeter of described gas production bag,
For recording the gas flow in experimentation.Described computer includes data acquisition module, data processing module sum
According to memory module.Data acquisition module collects the data of pressure sensor, differential pressure pickup and gas flowmeter record, and transmits
To data processing module；Data processing module passes through analysis, can get in experimentation between core permeability effective stress
Relation etc.；The data that the data data processing module of data collecting module collected can be obtained by data storage module is stored up
Deposit.
In the present invention, described " optional ", represents that it can occur it is also possible to not occur；In other words, optional skill
Art scheme is to represent a kind of technical scheme changed further on the basis of former technical scheme, such as preferred technical side
Case.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment method of testing and device.The method of the present invention
Have the advantage that：
The present invention is due to using above technical scheme, having an advantage in that and being obtained according to the actual geologic information of oil-gas reservoir
In developing of reservoirs, reservoir burden pressure is with the quantitative variation relation of pore pressure.By the burin-in process in experiment, can
The impact to experimental result for the microcrack and core holding unit gum cover gap that elimination boring sample process is opened.Supporting experiment dress
Put can achieve simulation recovery process, the function of confined pressure and internal pressure synchronous change, and can solve experiment in displacement pressure reduction stably relatively
The problem of difference.This experimental technique and device can be in developing of reservoirs, and reservoir changes the stress under path in true stress
Sensitive features are studied.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 flow chart of steps；
Fig. 2 is the equipment connection diagram of embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Describe the implementation process of the present invention and the beneficial effect of generation below by way of specific embodiment in detail it is intended to help read
Reader more fully understands essence and the feature of the present invention, not as to this case can practical range restriction.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2 this example provides a set of simulation tight gas reservoir reservoir burden pressure and pore pressure to change simultaneously
Stress sensitive experiment test device, adopts including injected system 1, core model system 2, back pressure system 3, recovery system 4 and data
Collecting system 5.The core holding unit 21 of core model system 2 is connected with the valve 188 of injected system 1, core holding unit 21 another
One end is connected with the back-pressure valve 31 of back pressure system by valve 242；Back-pressure valve 31 other end passes through valve 332 and recovery system 4
Gas-liquid separator 41 connect；Described data collecting system passes through pressure sensor 511, pressure sensor 512, pressure respectively
Sensor 513, gas flowmeter 53 are connected with injected system, core model system, back pressure system, recovery system, realize data
Collection.
Injected system 1 is by high-purity methane gas cylinder 11, air compressor 12, booster pump 13, gas intermediate receptacle 15, drive
For pressure tracking instrument 14, twin cylinder pump 16, vavuum pump 17, injected system valve (181,182,183,184,185,186,187,
188) form.High-purity methane gas cylinder 11 connects booster pump 13, booster pump 13 upper end and air by injected system valve 181
Compressor 12 connects, and the port of export passes through injected system valve 182, injected system valve 183 is connected with gas intermediate receptacle 15, is
Gas intermediate receptacle 15 provides stable high-pressure air source；Displacement pressure tracker 14 port of export 141 passes through injected system valve 186
It is connected with gas intermediate receptacle 15, provide stable high-pressure air source for core model system, and adjust the inside pressure of model system
Power；Twin cylinder pump 16 provides stable source of water for core model system, for rock core saturation stratum water；Vavuum pump 17 and injected system valve
Door 187 combination, can carry out evacuation process to core model system.
Core model system 2 include core holding unit 21, insulating box 22, ring pressure tracker 23, model system valve (241,
242).In core holding unit, 21 equipped with rock sample, and between the shell of rock sample and core holding unit 21, (in Fig. 2, rock core presss from both sides rubber sleeve
The shaded side of holder 21), ring pressure tracker 23 passes through model system valve 241 and clamper 21 external connection, for for rock core
Confined pressure is provided.Core holding unit 21 is placed in insulating box 22, to simulate reservoir actual temperature environment.Core holding unit 21 is another
End is connected with back pressure system 3 by core model system valve 242.
Back pressure system 3 includes back-pressure valve 31, high-precision high voltage pump 32, back pressure system valve (331,332).High-precision high voltage
Pump 32 is connected with back-pressure valve 31 by back pressure system valve 331, and for adjusting the pressure of back-pressure valve 31, controllable simulation was exploited
Output pressure in journey, back-pressure valve 31 other end is connected with recovery system 4 by back pressure system valve 332.
Recovery system 4 includes gas-liquid separator 41, pond 42, gas production bag 43.Gas-liquid separator 41 and back pressure system valve
332 connections, for separating Experimental Flowing Object, the gas isolated and liquid are respectively outputted to gas production bag 43 and pond 42.Reclaim
System is mainly used in collecting the waste gas of generation in experiment and waste liquid.
Data collecting system includes pressure sensor (511,512,513), differential pressure pickup 52, gas flowmeter 53, meter
Calculation machine 54.Pressure sensor (511,512,513) presses tracker 23, high-precision high voltage pump with gas intermediate receptacle 15, ring respectively
32 port of export (151,231,321) connects, for real-time monitoring displacement pressure, confined pressure and back pressure in experiment.In clamper 21
Entrance end (211,212) connect differential pressure pickup 52, for monitoring displacement pressure reduction.Ring presses the arrival end 232 of tracker 23
It is connected with pressure sensor 513, for, in oil-gas reservoir exploitation simulation process, making confined pressure same with the change of back pressure according to formula (3)
Step change.The arrival end 142 of displacement pressure tracker 14 is connected with pressure sensor 513 and differential pressure pickup 52, for oil gas
Hide in exploitation simulation process, so that displacement pressure is changed according to formula (4) is synchronous with the change of back pressure.The arrival end of gas production bag 43 is even
Connect gas flowmeter 53, for recording the gas flow in experimentation.Computer 54 includes data acquisition module, at data
Reason module data memory module.Data acquisition module collection pressure sensor (511,512,513), differential pressure pickup 52 are gentle
The data of flowmeter body 53 record, and it is transferred to data processing module；Data processing module passes through analysis, can get experimentation
Relation between middle core permeability effective stress etc.；Data storage module can be by the data sum of data collecting module collected
Stored according to the data that processing module obtains.
As shown in figure 1, test tight gas reservoir reservoir burden pressure and answering that pore pressure changes using said apparatus simultaneously
The method of power sensitiveness comprises the following steps：
(1) obtain the actual geologic information of tight gas reservoir, including：The mechanical property of the shape of reservoir, reservoir and country rock is poor
Different, reservoir aspect ratio, depth parameter, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, non-reservoir Poisson's ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir are wide
The basic parameters such as degree, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock density, porosity, the Biot coefficient of consolidation.
(2) shape according to reservoir and reservoir and the differences of mechanical properties of country rock, select to calculate reservoir pressure arch from table 1
The formula of ratio, and try to achieve pressure arch ratio.If the modulus of shearing of reservoir and country rock is than between 0.8-1.2, reservoir and coffer mechanics
Matter difference is less, selects inclusion enclave theoretical, otherwise selects heterogeneous body theoretical.
(3) determine reservoir rock initial strata pressure p0, initial burden pressure σ0.Reservoir rock initial strata pressure p0By
Hydrostatic pressure gradient is converted, and is calculated according to formula (1).Initial burden pressure σ0Calculated according to formula (2).
(4) determine the confined pressure and displacement pressure variation relation with back pressure.Confined pressure σ can be represented by formula (3) with the relation of back pressure,
Displacement pressure can be represented by formula (4) with the relation of back pressure.
(5) instrument Initialize installation.Experimental equipment according to Fig. 2 assembles laboratory apparatus, and instrument initial value is returned to zero,
The experimental temperature of setting insulating box 22.Close valve 184, using booster pump 13, the gas of high-purity methane gas cylinder 11 is proceeded to
To in gas intermediate receptacle 15.Close valve 182, adjust the pressure of gas intermediate receptacle 15 using displacement pressure tracker 14.
After stable, slowly open valve 184, so that gases at high pressure is slowly proceeded in experimental system, carry out work pressure test, check device is close
Feng Xing.Confined pressure and displacement pressure are separately input to, with the variation relation of back pressure, the fall that ring presses tracker and displacement pressure tracker
Pressure tracing mode.
(6) rock core irreducible water saturation is recovered.First, close valve 184, valve 185, valve 242, rock core constant temperature is dried
Dry 48h.Then, open valve 187, valve 188, to rock core vacuumizing and weighed using vavuum pump 17.Then, close valve
187, open valve 185, valve 188, valve 242, using twin cylinder pump 16 to rock core saturation stratum water 24h.Finally, close valve
185, open valve 184, using the stratum water in high-purity methane displacement rock core, and irreducible water saturation is set up using weight method.
(7) rock core burin-in process.Confined pressure and pore pressure are applied to rock core, presses tracker 23 to control confined pressure by ring, by height
Precision high-pressure pump 32 controls back pressure, controls inlet pressure by displacement pressure tracker 14.Press tracing mode and displacement pressure in ring
Under tracing mode, with 1MPa as step-length, with 0.5h, for interval, slowly synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure it is ensured that confined pressure is at least big
In pore pressure 5.0MPa.When pore pressure increases to 5.0MPa, keep pore pressure constant, with 1MPa as step-length, with 0.5h
Increase confined pressure to 15MPa for interval, repeatedly confined pressure is circulated release between 15-10MPa and pressurization carries out burin-in process.Aging place
During reason, maximum effective stress is less than original effective stress, to prevent from causing the reduction of permeability because of ageing process.Aging
Process can effectively reduce the microcrack producing during boring sample and core holding unit rubber cuff gap to experimental result
Impact.
(8) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are recovered.After the completion of burin-in process, further rock core is pressurizeed it is ensured that enclosing
Pressure at least above pore pressure 5.0MPa, is pressed under tracing mode and displacement pressure tracing mode in ring, with 1MPa as step-length, with
0.5h is that interval is slowly synchronous increases pore pressure and confined pressure, until pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, then keeps
Pore pressure is constant, with 1MPa as step-length, for interval, confined pressure is risen to original overburden pressure with 0.5h.
(9) simulate stress sensitive in recovery process for the reservoir.The back pressure is controlled with 3-4MPa to be by high-precision high voltage pump 32
Step-length, is gradually reduced with 0.5-1h for interval, presses under tracing mode and displacement pressure tracing mode in ring, respectively according to formula (3)
With formula (4) synchronous adjustment confined pressure and displacement pressure it is ensured that confined pressure is at least above pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure reduction is 1.5
～2MPa, and keep constant.Easily high speed non-darcy flow more than 2MPa in displacement pressure reduction, easily produces cunning less than 1.5MPa
De- seepage flow.Pore pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure.In each test pressure point, after the stable 0.5h that flows
Recording flowmeter 53, pressure sensor 511, pressure sensor 512, pressure sensor 513, the data of differential pressure pickup 52.
(10) data process＆analysis.Treatment Analysis are carried out to the data of computer 54 record, can get each test point
Under permeability, draw permeability effective stress relation curve, thus sunykatuib analysis reservoir is in actual recovery process, on
Stress sensitive feature when overlying strata stressor layer and pore pressure change simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment method of testing, wherein, methods described comprises the steps：
(1) obtain actual geologic information；Preferably described geologic information at least includes the shape of reservoir and the mechanics of reservoir and country rock
Nature difference；The wherein optional aspect ratio also including reservoir, depth parameter, modulus of shearing ratio, reservoir Poisson's ratio, non-reservoir pool
One of loose ratio, depth of reservoirs, reservoir width, reservoir thickness, reservoir rock density, porosity and Biot coefficient of consolidation or many
Individual combination.
(2) shape according to reservoir and reservoir and the differences of mechanical properties of country rock, select to calculate the formula that reservoir pressure encircles ratio；When
The modulus of shearing ratio of reservoir and country rock, between 0.8-1.2, selects inclusion enclave theoretical, otherwise selects heterogeneous body theoretical；
(3) the initial strata pressure of reservoir rock and initial burden pressure are determined；
(4) determine the confined pressure and displacement pressure variation relation with back pressure；
(5) obsolete for the intrinsic fracture being taken rock core is recovered to initial irreducible water saturation；
(6) burin-in process is carried out to rock core；
(7) rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure are recovered；
(8) simulate stress sensitive in recovery process for the reservoir；
(9) data processing and analysis.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (5) is carried out to the initial irreducible water saturation of the rock core obtaining
Recover to include：Rock core is dried (drying 48-60h preferably at a temperature of 100-110 DEG C), then to rock core vacuumizing (preferably
Be evacuated to 100-133Pa) after weigh, to rock core saturation stratum water (preferably saturation stratum water 24-36h), then driven with methane
For the stratum water (preferably displacement until rock core reaches original irreducible water saturation) in rock core, and rock core is determined using weight method
Water saturation.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (6) carries out burin-in process to rock core and includes：Rock core is applied to enclose
Pressure and pore pressure, and guarantee confined pressure 5.0-10MPa bigger than pore pressure, (preferably pore pressure sets to set pore pressure
For 5.0-8.0MPa), then in confined pressure variable range, repeated multiple times confined pressure loading and unloading operations are carried out to rock core；Preferably
It is with 0.5-1MPa as step-length, pore pressure and confined pressure are increased for interval synchronization with 0.5-1h.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (7) carries out to rock core primitive stress and Fluid pressure recovering bag
Include and the rock core after burin-in process is increased further with pressure, synchronization increases pore pressure and confined pressure, maintain confined pressure to compare pore pressure
Big 5.0-10MPa, until pore pressure increases to original formation pressure, confined pressure rises to original overburden pressure；Preferably with
0.5-1MPa is step-length, increases pore pressure and confined pressure with 0.5-1h for interval synchronization.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, simulation stress sensitive in recovery process for the reservoir includes controlling back pressure
Gradually reduce (preferably controlling back pressure with 3-4MPa as step-length, to gradually reduce with 0.5-1h for interval), and synchronous adjustment confined pressure
With displacement pressure it is ensured that confined pressure is at least above pore pressure 5.0MPa, upstream and downstream pressure reduction is 1.5～2MPa, and keeps constant, hole
Gap pressure is the algebraic mean value of displacement pressure and back pressure, in each test pressure point, recording flowmeter, pressure after stablizing 0.5h
Force snesor and the data of differential pressure pickup.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (2) is according to the mechanical property of the shape of reservoir and reservoir and country rock
Matter difference, selects to calculate the formula that reservoir pressure encircles ratio according to following：
7. a kind of reservoir stress sensitive experiment test device, wherein, described device includes injected system (1), core model system
(2), back pressure system (3), recovery system (4) and data collecting system (5)；Described core model system (2) connects note respectively
Enter system (1) and back pressure system (3)；Back pressure system (3) is connected with recovery system (4) again；Described injected system (1), rock core
Model system (2), back pressure system (3), recovery system (4) are connected with data collecting system (5) respectively, realize data acquisition.
8. device according to claim 7, wherein, described injected system (1) includes gas cylinder (11), air compressor
(12), booster pump (13), displacement pressure tracker (14), gas intermediate receptacle (15), twin cylinder pump (16) and vavuum pump (17)；
Gas cylinder (11) and booster pump (13) are connected with core model system (2), in booster pump and core model by pipeline order
On the pipeline that system connects, the port of export (151) of pipeline order and gas intermediate receptacle (15), double is passed through for starting point with booster pump
Cylinder pump (16) and vavuum pump (17) connect, the arrival end (152) of gas intermediate receptacle (15) also by pipeline and displacement pressure with
Track instrument (14) connects；Wherein preferably described injected system also include at least eight injected system valves (181,182,183,184,
185th, 186,187,188), described injected system valve is separately positioned between each equipment and pipeline crosspoint；Further preferably institute
State model system (2) and include core holding unit (21), insulating box (22) and ring pressure tracker (23)；Described core holding unit
(21) it is arranged in insulating box (22), the booster pump of pipeline and injected system (1) is passed through in described core holding unit (21) one end
(13) connect, the other end is connected with back pressure system (3) by pipeline；Described core holding unit (21) is passed through pipeline and is followed the tracks of with ring pressure
Instrument (23) connects；Wherein preferably described model system (2) also includes at least two model system valves (241,242), described mould
Type system valve is separately positioned on and connects on core holding unit (21) and the pipeline of ring pressure tracker (23), and core holding unit
(21) and on the pipeline that connects of back pressure system (3).
9. device according to claim 7, wherein, described back pressure system (3) includes back-pressure valve (31) and high-pressure pump
(32)；Described back-pressure valve (31) passes through core holding unit (21), recovery system (4) and the height of pipeline and model system (2) respectively
Press pump (32) connects；Preferably described back pressure system also includes at least two back pressure system valves (331,332)；Described back pressure system
Valve is separately positioned on the pipeline that back-pressure valve (31) is connected with high-pressure pump (32) and recovery system (4)；It is also preferred that reclaiming
System (4) includes gas-liquid separator (41), pond (42) and gas production bag (43)；The entrance (411) of gas-liquid separator (41) passes through
Pipeline is connected with the back-pressure valve (31) of back pressure system (3), and the gas vent (412) of gas-liquid separator (41) passes through pipeline and gas production
Bag (43) connects, and the liquid outlet (413) of gas-liquid separator (41) is connected with pond (42) by pipeline.
10. device according to claim 7, wherein, described data collecting system (5) includes at least three pressure sensors
(511,512,513), at least one differential pressure pickup (52), at least one gas flowmeter (53) and at least one computer
(54)；Wherein three pressure sensors are separately positioned on the port of export (151) of gas intermediate receptacle (15), ring pressure tracker (23)
The port of export (241) and high-pressure pump (32) the port of export (321)；Described differential pressure pickup (52) is entered with core holding unit (21)
Mouth end (211) and the port of export (212) connect；Described gas flowmeter is arranged on gas-liquid separator (41) and is connected with gas production bag (43)
Pipeline on；Described pressure sensor (51), differential pressure pickup (52) and gas flowmeter (53) are electric with computer (54) respectively
Connect.
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