CN106383097B - Remote sensing detection system and method for motor vehicle tail gas based on tunable laser - Google Patents
Remote sensing detection system and method for motor vehicle tail gas based on tunable laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a remote sensing detection system and a remote sensing detection method for tail gas of a motor vehicle based on a tunable laser, wherein a laser control module controls each laser in a laser module to respectively emit detection light in a required wavelength range; the multi-beam detection light emitted by the laser module is collimated by the light path collimating array unit to form parallel light beams and emitted to the optical reflector unit; under the open light path condition, the optical reflector unit reflects the laser detection light beam passing through the motor vehicle tail gas to the light path focusing and filtering array unit for focusing and filtering treatment, and the detection light beam emitted by the focusing and filtering array unit is detected and received by the semiconductor photoelectric detector group and sent to the computer through the signal acquisition and processing device, and the computer calculates the concentration of each component in the motor vehicle tail gas under the open light path condition. The invention can be widely applied to the remote sensing detection of motor vehicle tail gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a remote sensing detection system and method for motor vehicle tail gas based on a tunable laser, and relates to the technical field of motor vehicle tail gas emission detection.
Background
The pollution of motor vehicle tail gas has become an important factor affecting the urban air quality in China. The motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing monitoring technology becomes an important means for improving the vehicle tail gas emission monitoring capability and efficiency. The method for preventing and treating the atmospheric pollution of the people's republic of China clearly stipulates that the remote sensing detection of tail gas can be implemented on motor vehicles running on roads under the condition of not affecting traffic since the year 2016, month 1. Along with the phase-out of high-pollution vehicles such as Huang Biaoche, the strict control of yellow-to-green and green-to-green, the phase-out of national five emission standards and the drafting and formulation of national six standards are carried out, the emission level of motor vehicle exhaust on the road of China is obviously reduced, and the higher requirement on the detection capability of motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing monitoring equipment is provided. Due to the complex composition of motor vehicle exhaust, motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing monitoring devices typically require a combination of an infrared light source (including an infrared lamp or near infrared laser) and an ultraviolet light source (ultraviolet deuterium lamp).
The prior art discloses a method for measuring CO and CO by using an infrared lamp as a continuous light source and adopting an NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) technology 2 HC, and the NOx is detected by using a DUV technique using an ultraviolet lamp as a light source. In the prior art, the detection of CO and CO in tail gas by using a TDLAS technology and adopting a near infrared tunable laser diode as a light source is also reported 2 And detecting HC and NO by using a DOAS technology by taking an ultraviolet lamp as a light source. Further, the ultraviolet lamp can be used as a light source to detect NO in the tail gas by combining with DOAS and other technologies 2 ，SO 2 ，NH 3 Etc. For particulate matter in motor vehicle exhaust, the prior art reports methods of measuring exhaust particulate matter concentration using an ultraviolet laser as a light source or using ultraviolet light and infrared light of known wavelengths. However, as an open optical path detection system, the remote sensing technology of motor vehicle exhaust is affected by the temperature and humidity of the environment when the concentration of each component in the exhaust is actually measured, and the NDIR, DOAS and DUV technologies measure the concentration of the gas and are closely related to the temperature and humidity, so that frequent calibration is required according to the actual conditions when the technologies are adopted. In addition, wavelengths corresponding to near infrared tunable laser diodes used by some motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing monitoring equipment belong to CO and CO 2 Is a common frequency absorption band of (C) and CO in the wave band 2 The absorption capacity of the detection light is very weak, so that the detection precision of the instrument cannot be further improved.
The prior art also discloses a remote sensing detection system and a remote sensing detection method for automobile exhaust by utilizing the quantum cascade laser. The quantum cascade laser is used as an ideal mid-infrared band light source for detecting high-sensitivity trace gas, the light source has good monochromaticity, and the linewidth is far smaller than the absorption linewidth of the detected gas; meanwhile, the light source has very high spectral power density, and can realize high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection of multiple trace gases at room temperature. However, as an emerging technology, the wavelength tuning rate of a single quantum cascade laser is currently greatly limited, generally not greater than100cm -1 /sec. Because the tail gas remote sensing detection equipment is used under the open light path condition, and the tail gas of the motor vehicle can diffuse to the surrounding environment at a very fast speed after being discharged from the tail gas pipe, the concentration change is very large, so that the tail gas remote sensing detection equipment has to finish the measurement of each species in a very short time (such as 10 ms); meanwhile, different trace species generally have stronger absorption in different wavelength ranges, which exceeds the wavelength tuning range of a single quantum metering laser; the current quantum cascade lasers utilizing mid-infrared wavelengths must use separate quantum cascade lasers for each species for accurate remote sensing of various traces in motor vehicle exhaust at high rates, which is costly for each species. Secondly, according to Lambert-Beer law, the absorption of gas species at a certain wavelength is affected by factors such as the temperature and pressure of the surrounding environment, so that the artificial neural network trained and used in advance must consider the influence of the temperature and pressure at the same time, and the measurement mixing of multiple species causes greater complexity in one neural network, which affects the measurement effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a remote sensing detection system for motor vehicle exhaust based on a tunable laser, which is capable of detecting different species in the motor vehicle exhaust components at the same time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a remote sensing detection method of motor vehicle exhaust based on tunable laser capable of detecting different species in the motor vehicle exhaust components at the same time
In order to achieve one of the above purposes, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the remote sensing detection system for the tail gas of the motor vehicle based on the tunable laser comprises a laser module, a laser control module, an optical path collimation array unit, an optical path focusing and filtering array unit, a semiconductor photoelectric detector group, a signal acquisition and processing device, an optical reflector unit and a computer; the laser control module controls each laser in the laser module to respectively emit detection light in a required wavelength range; the multi-beam detection light emitted by the laser module is collimated by the light path collimating array unit to form parallel light beams and emitted to the optical reflector unit; under the open light path condition, the optical reflector unit reflects the laser detection light beam passing through the motor vehicle tail gas to the light path focusing and filtering array unit for focusing and filtering treatment, the detection light beam emitted by the focusing and filtering array unit is detected and received by the semiconductor photoelectric detector group and is sent to the computer by the signal acquisition and processing device, and the computer calculates the concentration of each component in the motor vehicle tail gas under the open light path condition.
Further, the number of the collimating lenses in the light path collimating array unit, the number of the focusing lenses and the optical filters in the light path focusing and filtering array unit, and the number of the semiconductor photodetectors in the semiconductor photodetector group are all corresponding to the number of the lasers of the laser module.
Further, the motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system further comprises an automatic calibration device for automatically calibrating the light path, the automatic calibration device is arranged on the outer side of the focusing and filtering array unit, and the computer controls the automatic calibration device to calibrate each species channel before running to the light path focusing and filtering unit at intervals.
Further, the motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system further comprises a motor vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module and a motor vehicle license plate recognition module, wherein the computer controls the motor vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module to measure the speed and acceleration data of the motor vehicle at a tail gas monitoring point, and simultaneously controls the motor vehicle license plate recognition module to shoot a picture of a vehicle head or a vehicle tail when the motor vehicle passes through the tail gas monitoring point and recognize the license plate.
Further, the laser module consists of a plurality of near infrared tunable lasers, mid infrared tunable lasers and ultraviolet/visible light lasers, the types and the numbers of the lasers are selected according to the detected species of the tail gas of the motor vehicle, and each detected species corresponds to one laser.
Further, the semiconductor photoelectric detector adopts a semiconductor photoelectric detector refrigerated by TEC.
Further, the laser control module comprises a temperature control circuit and a current control circuit, wherein the temperature control circuit controls each laser in the laser module to keep stable working temperature within the range of-30-60 ℃, the current control circuit simultaneously generates sinusoidal current and sawtooth current, the sinusoidal current and the sawtooth current are respectively overlapped to form laser driving current, and each laser in the laser module is driven to emit detection light in a required wavelength range.
Further, the light path collimation array unit adopts a collimation lens array, light output by each laser is collimated through a corresponding collimation lens, and each collimation lens adopts an AR coated aspheric lens respectively; the optical path focusing and filtering array unit comprises a focusing lens array and a band-pass filter array, wherein the focusing lenses in the focusing lens array are AR coated aspheric focusing lenses, the light emitting directions of the corresponding collimating lenses are respectively set, the band-pass filters in the band-pass filter array are respectively set in the light inlet directions of the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors, and the band-pass filters filter interference light and focus detection light on the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors for spectral measurement.
Further, the signal acquisition and processing device acquires detection data of the semiconductor photoelectric detector group, performs signal amplification and mean value filtering processing, performs phase-locked amplification and second harmonic demodulation or first harmonic demodulation, acquires temperature and pressure data in a road environment, and transmits the finally obtained direct absorption spectrum data, the second harmonic spectrum of a gas species, the first harmonic spectrum of a particulate matter species and the temperature and pressure data to the computer.
In order to achieve the other purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a remote sensing detection method for motor vehicle tail gas of a tunable laser comprises the following steps: 1) Acquiring a theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude curve; 2) Acquiring an ambient pressure correction curve of the theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude; 3) The motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system is adopted to detect motor vehicle tail gas, and the specific process is as follows: 3.1 Calibrating by using an automatic calibration device to obtain calibration parameters of each species channel; 3.2 Measuring the amplitude of the second harmonic absorption peak of each species in the air background value before the motor vehicle passes; 3.3 Acquiring the amplitude of the second harmonic absorption peak of each gas species and the opacity of particulate matters in the light path of the motor vehicle within a set time; 3.4 Acquiring the smoke mass value change trend of each gas species in the tail gas of the motor vehicle within a set time; 3.5 Fitting by using a least square method according to the change trend of the smoke mass value of each gas to obtain the concentration ratio of each gas species, and back calculating in a computer according to a combustion equation to obtain the concentration of each gas species and the emission factor of particulate matters in the tail gas of the motor vehicle; 3.6 The computer controls the motor vehicle speed/acceleration measuring module and the motor vehicle license plate recognition module to respectively acquire the motor vehicle license plate number and the speed/acceleration information when the motor vehicle passes through; 4) The computer outputs remote sensing detection data of the motor vehicle tail gas, wherein the remote sensing detection data of the motor vehicle tail gas is information of concentration of each gaseous species and emission factors of particulate matters in the motor vehicle tail gas, and motor vehicle license plate number and speed/acceleration.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention uses near infrared tunable laser, mid infrared tunable laser and ultraviolet/visible light laser for each species, and each laser has a corresponding semiconductor photoelectric detector, so that different species can be detected simultaneously at the same time. 2. The invention can adopt quantum cascade laser to detect, and can form the detection of CO and CO by increasing the number of the laser and the detector because the quantum cascade laser can emit infrared light with different wavelengths 2 、NO、NO 2 、HC、SO 2 、NH 3 、N 2 O, HC and the like, and can avoid the defects of short optical path distance, short service life and the like caused by using an ultraviolet deuterium lamp, so that the equipment can be used for a long time under a longer optical path. 3. The invention uses the semiconductor photoelectric detector cooled by TEC and the laser cooled by TEC, and the working range and capacity of TEC cooling are enlarged, so that the system can be over-30 percentThe device can work stably at 60 ℃ and can be used normally at high temperature and low temperature in road environment. 4. The invention adopts the automatic calibration device to calibrate automatically every 20-30 days, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data in the running process of the system. 5. The tunable laser has high tuning performance, can scan tail gas of a motor vehicle after passing by using 100Hz frequency, and can greatly improve the accuracy of sampling rate and tail gas concentration ratio fitting. 6. NO, CO and CO of the invention 2 The center wavelength of the detection laser of the species such as HC corresponds to the fundamental frequency absorption peak, and compared with the detection sensitivity of the wavelength of the universal frequency absorption peak, the detection sensitivity of the detection laser of the species such as HC is greatly improved. 7. The invention carries out pressure correction on the gas second harmonic absorption peak amplitude value obtained by theoretical calculation under different temperatures and pressures, and uses the corrected gas second harmonic absorption peak amplitude value curve for calculation, and because the correction on the temperature in the gas infrared absorption theory is very accurate, the curve after pressure correction is adopted for practical measurement, can adapt to different pressure and temperature environments, and the accuracy of measurement data is obviously improved. The invention can be widely applied to the remote sensing detection of motor vehicle tail gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a remote sensing detection system for motor vehicle exhaust according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the laser module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the optical path collimating array unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the focusing and filtering array unit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing detection method of motor vehicle exhaust.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of providing a better understanding of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the remote sensing detection system for motor vehicle exhaust based on tunable laser provided by the invention comprises a laser module 101, a laser control module 102, a light path collimation array unit 103, a light path focusing and filtering array unit 104, a semiconductor photoelectric detector group 105, a signal acquisition and processing device 106, an automatic calibration device 107, an optical reflector unit 108, a motor vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module 109, a motor vehicle license plate recognition module 110 and a computer 111, wherein the number of collimating lenses in the light path collimation array unit 103, the number of focusing lenses and optical filters in the light path focusing and filtering array unit 104 and the number of semiconductor photoelectric detectors in the semiconductor photoelectric detector group 105 are all corresponding to the number of lasers of the laser module 101.
The laser control module 102 controls each laser in the laser module 101 to emit detection light in a required wavelength range respectively; the multiple beams of detection light emitted by the laser module 101 are collimated by the light path collimating array unit 103 to form parallel beams and are emitted to the optical reflector unit 108, under the open light path condition, the optical reflector unit 108 reflects the laser detection beams to the light path focusing and filtering array unit 104 through the tail gas of the motor vehicle to respectively focus and filter, the detection beams emitted by the focusing and filtering array unit 104 are detected by the semiconductor photoelectric detector group 105 and are sent to the signal acquisition and processing device 106, the signal acquisition and processing device 106 processes the received signals and sends the processed data to the computer 111, and the computer 111 calculates the concentration of each component in the tail gas of the motor vehicle under the open light path condition according to a combustion equation.
The automatic calibration device 107 is configured to automatically calibrate the optical path, and when in use, is disposed outside the focusing and filtering array unit 108 (the initial position is disposed outside the detection optical path), and the computer 111 controls the automatic calibration device 107 to calibrate each species channel before moving to the optical path focusing and filtering unit 104 every 20-30 days, and the specific calibration process of the automatic calibration device 107 is the prior art and is not described herein.
The vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module 109 is configured to measure the speed and acceleration of the vehicle at the exhaust monitoring point and to send the measured data to the computer 111.
The license plate recognition module 110 of the motor vehicle is used for taking a photograph of the head or tail of the motor vehicle when the motor vehicle passes through the tail gas monitoring point, recognizing the license plate, and sending the license plate recognition result to the computer 111.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser module 101 is composed of several TEC-cooled near infrared tunable lasers, mid-infrared tunable lasers and uv/vis lasers, and the type and number of lasers can be selected for each detected species, one for each detected species. For example: for CO and CO with stronger absorption in near infrared band 2 、NH 3 And O 2 A near infrared laser (0.76-2.3 um) may be used; for HC, SO 2 、NO x Other species with weak absorption in the near infrared band and large background interference can adopt a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser; wherein CO, CO 2 The wavelengths corresponding to HC and NO lasers are 2326.8nm, 2004.0nm, 3370nm and 5362.93nm respectively, and the fundamental frequency absorption bands of the respective species are respectively corresponding. For the detection of particulate matter in the exhaust gas, an ultraviolet 250nm laser or a visible 550nm laser can be used. The invention is used for simultaneously detecting CO and CO 2 、NH 3 、O 2 HC and NO illustrate the construction of the laser module 101. As shown in fig. 2, the laser control module 102 includes a temperature control circuit 201 and a current control circuit, the temperature control circuit 201 controls 6 lasers 204 to 209 in the laser module 101 to maintain a stable working temperature within the range of-30 to 60 ℃, the current control circuit simultaneously generates 100KHz sinusoidal current 202 and 1KHz sawtooth current 203,6, and the 6 1KHz sawtooth currents are respectively overlapped to form 6 laser driving currents, so as to drive the 6 lasers 204 to 209 in the laser module 101 to emit detection light with a required wavelength range.
In a preferred embodiment, the optical path collimating array unit 103 employs a collimating lens array, and light output by each laser is collimated by a corresponding collimating lens, and each collimating lens employs an AR-coated aspheric lens. The invention is used for simultaneously detecting CO and CO 2 、NH 3 、O 2 HC and NO illustrate the configuration of the optical path collimating array unit 103. Such asAs shown in fig. 3, the collimating lenses of the present invention are correspondingly disposed in the light path emitting directions of the corresponding lasers, and 6 light beams 301 to 306 emitted from 6 lasers 204 to 209 in the laser module 101 are respectively collimated by 6 AR coated aspheric lenses 307 to 312 in the light path collimating array unit 103, so as to form collimated light 313 to 318 parallel to each other, and obtain light beams with diameters of 5 to 7 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the optical path focusing and filtering array unit 104 includes a focusing lens array and a bandpass filter array, wherein the focusing lenses in the focusing lens array are all AR-coated aspheric focusing mirrors, the light emitting directions of the corresponding collimating lenses are respectively set, the bandpass filters in the bandpass filter array are respectively set in the light entering directions of the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors, the semiconductor photodetectors are prevented from being affected by stray light, and the bandpass filters focus the detection light on the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors for spectral measurement after filtering the interference light. The invention is used for simultaneously detecting CO and CO 2 、NH 3 、O 2 HC and NO illustrate the construction of the optical path focusing and filtering unit. As shown in fig. 4, the collimated light beams 313 to 318 emitted from the light path collimating unit are focused by the AR coated aspherical focusing mirrors 401 to 406, respectively, and the focused light beams 407 to 412 are filtered by the band-pass filters 413 to 418, respectively, before entering the semiconductor photodetectors 419 to 424 in the semiconductor photodetector group 105.
In a preferred embodiment, the semiconductor photodetector group 105 comprises a number of TEC cooled semiconductor photodetectors. Each semiconductor photodetector detects the detection light emitted from each laser correspondingly. TEC elements in the semiconductor photoelectric sensor ensure that the photoelectric detector keeps stable working within the range of-30-60 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the signal acquisition and processing device 106 acquires the detection data of the semiconductor photodetector array 105 and performs signal amplification and mean filtering, then phase lock amplification and second harmonic demodulation or first harmonic demodulation, and simultaneously acquires temperature and pressure data in the road environment, and transmits the resulting direct absorption spectrum data, the second harmonic spectrum of the gas species, the first harmonic spectrum of the particulate matter species, and the temperature and pressure data to the computer 111.
As shown in fig. 5, based on the remote sensing detection system for motor vehicle exhaust, the remote sensing detection method for motor vehicle exhaust based on the tunable laser of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. and obtaining a theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude curve.
Assuming a theoretical calibration gas species concentration of sigma cal The optical path length is L, which is about 80% of the maximum value of the actual measured concentration cal Simulating and integrating the Foetide (Voigt) linear function of each gas species at the central wavelength of the laser within the range of 50-100 ℃ and 50-120 Kpa to calculate the theoretical second harmonic absorption peak amplitude H of each species 2,cal Value:
wherein S is the wavelength v of the gas at the center of the laser 0 Line absorption intensity at v d For Doppler line width of gas at laser center wavelength, V (x, y) is a Foetide (Voigt) linear function, V L For the lorentz linewidth of the gas at the laser center wavelength, the parameters can be directly inquired in the Hitran database, and V (x, y) is described by adopting a Humliek simulation formula for simplifying the calculation amount.
2. And obtaining an ambient pressure correction curve of the theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude.
The temperature of the target gas is controlled to be constant, and the actual measured concentration is sigma under different pressure conditions cal Is to the obtained gas second harmonic absorption peak actual measurement value H 2,obs And theoretical amplitude H 2,cal Polynomial fitting to obtain a pressure correction curve:
f (P) ＝a+b*P+c*P 2 +d*P 3 +e*P 4
where a, b, c, d, e is a polynomial fit coefficient and P is the actual total gas pressure.
3. The motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing monitoring system is adopted to detect motor vehicle tail gas, and the specific process is as follows:
1) System calibration
Calibration is performed by an automatic calibration device 107, and calibration parameters of each species channel are obtained. The automatic calibration time interval is set to 20-30 days, and is influenced by the temperature and pressure change of the open atmosphere environment and the atmospheric background value, mixed standard gas with known concentration is introduced into the automatic calibration device, then the actually measured signal value is detected, and compared with the standard value, the calibration deviation of each channel is not more than 5%, and the specific calibration is the prior art, so that the detailed description is omitted.
2) Background value measurement
Measuring the amplitude H of the absorption peak of the second harmonic of each species in the air background value before the motor vehicle passes (referring to the atmospheric environment background reference concentration measured before the rear vehicle passes the remote sensing detection) 2,bak 。
3) Acquiring the second harmonic absorption peak amplitude H of each gas species in the light path within 1-2 seconds after the motor vehicle passes 2,obs And particulate opacity.
Measuring the amplitude H of the absorption peak of the second harmonic of each species gas in the light path at 100Hz within 1-2 seconds after the motor vehicle passes 2,ob And calculate the opacity T of particulate matter in the air background PM ：
Wherein H is 1,obs The first harmonic absorption peak value, H, of the particulate matter channel within the range of 1-2 seconds after the motor vehicle passes 1,zero First harmonic absorption peak value H of particulate matter channel when motor vehicle is in light 1,bak The first harmonic absorption peak is the particulate matter channel without background air when the motor vehicle passes.
4) Obtaining the smoke mass value N of each gas species in the tail gas within 1-2 seconds after the motor vehicle passes obs Trend of change.
The signal acquisition and processing device 106 acquires the ambient temperature and pressure at the time of measurement at the same time according to the H at the corresponding temperature and pressure in step 2 2,cal And the pressure correction curve f in step 3 (P) Calculating the concentration value N of each species in the tail gas within 1-2 seconds after the vehicle passes obs Trend of change:
wherein sigma obs For each gaseous pollutant concentration, L in the light path obs For actually measuring the optical path; h 2,obs The second harmonic absorption peak value corresponding to each channel in the light path obtained by actual measurement within 1-2 seconds after the motor vehicle passes through is H 2,bak The peak values are absorbed for the second harmonic of each channel in the background air when no motor vehicle passes.
5) Obtaining the concentration of each species
According to the variation trend of the smoke mass value of each gas, the concentration ratio of each gas species is obtained by using least square fitting, and the concentration ratio of each gas species to CO is calculated in the embodiment 2 And reversely calculating the smoke mass value ratio in the computer 111 according to a combustion equation to obtain the concentration of each gaseous species and the emission factor of the particulate matters in the tail gas pipe of the motor vehicle, wherein the combustion equation is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,C CO 、C HC 、C NO 、/>respectively represent CO in the tail gas of the gasoline and diesel vehicle 2 、CO、HC、NO、NH 3 Concentration, unit is; EF (electric F) PM The emission factor of the tail gas particulate matters represents the quantity g of the particulate matters released by burning 1Kg of fuel oil; q (Q) CO 、Q HC 、Q NO 、/>Respectively represent CO, HC, NO, O in tail gas 2 Smoke mass value and CO 2 Smoke mass value ratio, dimensionless; />N CO 、N HC Respectively represent CO in tail gas 2 The smoke mass values of CO and HC, in% cm; gamma is the extinction coefficient of the particles at different wavelengths, and the unit is m 2 And/g, which can be directly inquired from the literature.
3) Acquisition of motor vehicle license plate number and speed/acceleration information
The vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module 109 and the vehicle license plate recognition module 110 acquire the vehicle license plate number and the speed/acceleration information when the vehicle passes by, respectively, and send these information to the computer 111.
4. The computer 111 outputs vehicle exhaust remote sensing data, wherein the vehicle exhaust remote sensing data is information of concentration of each gaseous species and particulate matter emission factor in a vehicle exhaust pipe, vehicle license plate number and speed/acceleration.
The foregoing embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, wherein the structures, connection modes, manufacturing processes, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The detection method of the motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system based on the tunable laser is characterized by comprising a laser module, a laser control module, an optical path collimation array unit, an optical path focusing and filtering array unit, a semiconductor photoelectric detector group, a signal acquisition and processing device, an optical reflector unit and a computer; the laser control module controls each laser in the laser module to respectively emit detection light in a required wavelength range; the multi-beam detection light emitted by the laser module is collimated by the light path collimating array unit to form parallel light beams and emitted to the optical reflector unit; under the open light path condition, the optical reflector unit reflects the laser detection light beam passing through the motor vehicle tail gas to the light path focusing and filtering array unit for focusing and filtering treatment, the detection light beam emitted by the focusing and filtering array unit is detected and received by the semiconductor photoelectric detector group and is sent to the computer by the signal acquisition and processing device, and the computer calculates the concentration of each component in the motor vehicle tail gas under the open light path condition; the motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system also comprises a motor vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module and a motor vehicle license plate recognition module, wherein the computer controls the motor vehicle speed/acceleration measurement module to measure the speed and acceleration data of the motor vehicle at a tail gas monitoring point, and simultaneously controls the motor vehicle license plate recognition module to shoot a picture of a vehicle head or a vehicle tail when the motor vehicle passes through the tail gas monitoring point and carry out license plate recognition, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
1) Acquiring a theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude curve;
2) Acquiring an ambient pressure correction curve of the theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude;
3) The motor vehicle tail gas remote sensing detection system is adopted to detect motor vehicle tail gas, and the specific process is as follows:
3.1 Calibrating by using an automatic calibration device to obtain calibration parameters of each species channel;
3.2 Measuring the amplitude of the second harmonic absorption peak of each species in the air background value before the motor vehicle passes;
3.3 Acquiring the amplitude of the absorption peak of the second harmonic of each gas species and the opacity T of the particulate matters in the light path of the motor vehicle within the set time PM ：
Wherein H is 1,obs The first harmonic absorption peak value H of the particulate matter channel in the set time after the motor vehicle passes 1,zero First harmonic absorption peak value H of particulate matter channel when motor vehicle is in light 1,bak A particulate matter channel first harmonic absorption peak for background air when no motor vehicle passes;
3.4 Acquiring smoke mass value N of each gas species in tail gas of motor vehicle within set time obs Trend of change:
wherein sigma obs For each gaseous pollutant concentration, L in the light path obs For actually measuring the optical path; h 2,obs The second harmonic absorption peak value corresponding to each channel in the light path obtained by actual measurement in the set time after the motor vehicle passes through is H 2,bak The second harmonic absorption peak value of each channel in the background air when no motor vehicle passes through; sigma (sigma) cal Calibrating the concentration of the gas species for theory; f (P) is an ambient pressure correction curve of the theoretical gas infrared second harmonic absorption peak amplitude; h 2,cal Theoretical second harmonic absorption peak amplitude for each gas species;
3.5 Fitting by using a least square method according to the change trend of the smoke mass value of each gas to obtain the concentration ratio of each gas species, and back calculating in a computer according to a combustion equation to obtain the concentration of each gas species and the emission factor of particulate matters in the tail gas of the motor vehicle;
3.6 The computer controls the motor vehicle speed/acceleration measuring module and the motor vehicle license plate recognition module to respectively acquire the motor vehicle license plate number and the speed/acceleration information when the motor vehicle passes through;
4) The computer outputs remote sensing detection data of the motor vehicle tail gas, wherein the remote sensing detection data of the motor vehicle tail gas is information of concentration of each gaseous species and emission factors of particulate matters in the motor vehicle tail gas, and motor vehicle license plate number and speed/acceleration.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of collimating lenses in the optical path collimating array unit, the number of focusing lenses and filters in the optical path focusing and filtering array unit, and the number of semiconductor photodetectors in the semiconductor photodetector group correspond to the number of lasers of the laser module.
3. The detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser module comprises a plurality of near infrared tunable lasers, mid infrared tunable lasers and ultraviolet/visible light lasers, the type and number of the lasers are selected for the detected species of the tail gas of the motor vehicle, and each detected species corresponds to one laser.
4. The detection method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the semiconductor photodetector uses a semiconductor photodetector cooled by TEC.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the laser control module comprises a temperature control circuit and a current control circuit, the temperature control circuit controls each laser in the laser module to maintain a stable working temperature within a range of-30 to 60 ℃ in ambient temperature, the current control circuit simultaneously generates a sinusoidal current and a sawtooth current, the sinusoidal current and the sawtooth current are respectively overlapped to form a laser driving current, and each laser in the laser module is driven to emit detection light in a required wavelength range.
6. The detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical path collimating array unit adopts a collimating lens array, light output by each laser is collimated by a corresponding collimating lens, and each collimating lens adopts an AR coated aspheric lens; the optical path focusing and filtering array unit comprises a focusing lens array and a band-pass filter array, wherein the focusing lenses in the focusing lens array are AR coated aspheric focusing lenses, the light emitting directions of the corresponding collimating lenses are respectively set, the band-pass filters in the band-pass filter array are respectively set in the light inlet directions of the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors, and the band-pass filters filter interference light and focus detection light on the corresponding semiconductor photodetectors for spectral measurement.
7. The detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the signal acquisition and processing device acquires the detection data of the semiconductor photodetector group, performs signal amplification and mean value filtering processing, then performs lock-in amplification and second harmonic demodulation or first harmonic demodulation, simultaneously acquires temperature and pressure data in the road environment, and transmits the finally obtained direct absorption spectrum data, the second harmonic spectrum of the gas species, the first harmonic spectrum of the particulate matter species, and the temperature and pressure data to the computer.
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