CN102798609A - Automobile exhaust remote sensing detection system and method based on quantum cascade laser - Google Patents
Automobile exhaust remote sensing detection system and method based on quantum cascade laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile exhaust remote sensing detection system and a method based on a quantum cascade laser. According to the invention, a signal generated by any function generator is input into a laser current pulse driving module; the quantum cascade laser is driven by the laser current pulse driving module to generate intermediate-infrared or far-infrared laser; a modulation signal is obtained through a chopper after the intermediate-infrared or far-infrared laser passes through an automobile exhaust emission area; a pyroelectric sensor module detects the modulated intermediate-infrared or far-infrared laser signal, and then inputs the detected signal into a lock-in amplifier for operation; the lock-in amplifier outputs the data into a computer; and the computer calculates the contents of different emission products in the automobile exhaust through a data processing method analysis method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to motor vehicle exhaust emission detection technique field, relate in particular to a kind of remote vehicle emissions measurement system and method based on QCL.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid economy development, the automobile pollution sustainable growth, the pollution of harmful waste gas of motor vehicle emission has become one of main source of China's urban atmospheric pollution.According to the statistics of environmental administration, 20% CO in the urban air pollution
2, 60 ~ 70% CO, 40% NO
xCome from vehicle exhaust with 70% HC.For example, Beijing and the ratio of Guangzhou automotive emissions in surrounding air, carbon monoxide (CO) accounts for more than 80%, oxides of nitrogen (NO
x) account for more than 40%.Be the discharging of Control of Automobile exhaust pollutant, the laws and regulations of restricting vehicle toxic emission have all successively been formulated with the area in countries in the world.China comes into effect " light-duty vehicle pollutant emission limit and measuring method (Chinese III, IV the stage) " emission standard that is equivalent to European III rules from July, 2007.But compared with developed countries, China's emission of automobile wastes present situation still allows of no optimist: the vehicle emission pollution management is started late; The pollution situation that the vehicle exhaust of key cities causes is very serious; Be short of very much with the relevant assembly of discharging on the vehicle.In order to improve the urban environment air quality, the exhaust emission of reduction and Control of Automobile tail gas is own through very urgent.
The monitoring method of the vehicle exhaust that China is existing mainly contains operating condition method and idling method.At present, these two kinds of methods are all main could accomplish test on the experiment test platform of auto producer or in the vehicle annual test place, and can't realize real-time monitoring for the exhaust emissions process of in the process of moving automobile.In the actual travel process, the exhaust emissions of automobile not only depends on the structure of automobile itself, also depends on many factors such as the degree of crowding of the employed fuel composition of automobile, load, drive manner and traffic.Vehicle exhaust remote sensing monitoring technology is a kind of advanced person's a vehicle exhaust monitoring technology; It can the instantaneous discharging to vehicle exhaust realize monitoring under the automobile normal running situation; The pollution vehicle that the identification discharging is not up to standard; For the monitoring and the control of city automobile tail gas pollution provides effective means, thereby there is the huge social demand to receive extensive studies and concern.
The remote-sensing monitoring method of traditional vehicle exhaust mainly is for CO
2, the NDIR method that CO and HC detect.Mostly the testing conditions that discharges pollutants is under the idling condition, can't reflect the characteristic of the harmful exhaust emissions of automobile under driving conditions and the photochemical reaction that tail gas possibly form in air.The vehicle exhaust pick-up unit of prior art such as the patent No. be CN2440208Y's " a kind of many idling Design of Vehicle Tail Gas Analyzer " need flexible pipe be connected to the check and analysis that just can carry out CO and HC in the tail gas on the vehicle exhaust mouth of pipe.The patent No. be CN1412541A's " vehicle exhaust being detected in real time the infrared laser detection system and the method for usefulness " employed be a kind of NDIR analyser; It does not have spectral resolution; And the tail gas kind that detects is comparatively single, can only detect the concentration of CO and HC.Develop into CO, CO from the detection of single CO and HC concentration
2, HC, NO
x, NH
3And SO
xDetection etc. multiple composition is the direction that current vehicle exhaust remote sensing detects.At present, vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection technique in many countries such as the U.S., Canada, Australia, Sweden, Brazil, Singapore and India all in positive development process.
QCL has been started the beginning of utilizing wide bandgap material development mid and far infrared semiconductor laser, is the theoretical milestone of semiconductor laser, is just becoming the cutting edge technology that countries in the world fall over each other to follow the trail of.Advantage such as QCL has that monochromaticity is good, quantum efficiency is high, temperature stability good, wavelength flexible design, intrinsic response speed are fast.QCL has wide application prospect aspect gas detection; Especially aspect light concentration gas, atmospheric trace gas detection; QCL has the conventional semiconductor laser incomparable advantage, can be widely used in coal mine mash gas height sensitivity detection, vehicle exhaust and industrial gaseous waste and detect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of remote vehicle emissions measurement system and method based on QCL is provided, realize the remote sensing of travels down motor vehicle emission tail gas is detected to prior art.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is following:
Based on the remote vehicle emissions measurement system of QCL, comprise arbitrary-function generator, current impulse driver module, QCL, tygon collimation condenser lens, spectroscope, chopper, pyroelectric sensor module, gold-plated corner cube mirror, lock-in amplifier, computing machine;
The voltage signal that arbitrary-function generator produces is input to the current impulse driver module; Produce current impulse drive amount qc laser by the current impulse driver module again; QCL is launched the mid and far infrared laser of which amplitude modulation under the driving of current impulse; Mid and far infrared laser is through the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens collimation; Parallel mid and far infrared laser is divided into reference path and surveys light path through spectroscope; The mid and far infrared laser process chopper modulation back of reference path is surveyed by the pyroelectric sensor module of reference path, and the motor vehicle exhaust emission zone that the mid and far infrared laser of detection light path passes in going is reflected by gold-plated corner cube mirror, is detected by the pyroelectric sensor module of surveying light path behind the mid and far infrared laser process chopper after the reflection, the tygon collimation condenser lens; The sine wave signal component of the pyroelectric sensor module of detection light path, the pyroelectric sensor module of reference path and arbitrary-function generator is imported in the lock-in amplifier respectively and is carried out related calculation, and lock-in amplifier outputs to computing machine with the result; Computing machine is done additive operation with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module of reference path with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module of surveying light path; And result of calculation carried out the processing of data and the analysis of spectrum, finally obtain the measurement result of vehicle exhaust.
Described spectroscope is arranged on tygon collimation condenser lens dead ahead, and becomes 45 ° with the light of the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens collimation;
Described arbitrary-function generator produces three kinds of signals: rectangular pulse signal, sawtooth signal and sine wave signal; In arbitrary-function generator inside with these three kinds of voltage signals stack back input current pulsed drive modules; The current impulse driver module comes the drive amount qc laser through electric current and voltage conversion back output through the current signal of ovennodulation; Arbitrary-function generator is input to related operation that lock-in amplifier carry out signal with the sine wave signal component in the superposed signal in the output superposed signal in the current impulse driver module, lock-in amplifier is connected to computing machine.
Described pyroelectric sensor module comprises pyroelectric sensor, resistance, filter capacitor; 1 pin of pyroelectric sensor connects an end of DC voltage VCC and filter capacitor simultaneously, an end of 2 pin connecting resistances, and the other end of 3 pin and resistance is ground connection simultaneously, and the other end of filter capacitor is connected with lock-in amplifier; Through the input of the AC signal behind filter capacitor lock-in amplifier, the sinusoidal ac signal of lock-in amplifier output simultaneously drives chopper and rotates with certain frequency, and lock-in amplifier is connected to computing machine; Tygon collimation condenser lens and chopper are placed on pyroelectric sensor module dead ahead.
Vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection method based on QCL comprises the steps:
Step (1). the original spectrum data that lock-in amplifier output measures are given computing machine;
Step (2). use the method for mean filter function to remove the random noise in the original spectrum data according to sawtooth wave frequency in the arbitrary-function generator; The cycle of sawtooth signal is realized mean filter in the concrete employing composite signal, obtains the spectroscopic data of the different wave length under the frequency sweep after the filtering;
Step (3). filtered spectroscopic data is at first used the match of Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function, and the Fu Yite that fitting function adopted (Voigt) linear function is described by formula (1).
Wherein,
,
;
γ D --Gauss's linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Simultaneously can obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
（2）
Wherein:
is the collision live width of spectral line;
is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Step (4). use Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to repeat n match, can obtain the spectral distribution data of the different spectral lines of n bar
, any data based ambiguity function degree of membership of spectrum line determination methods that match is obtained draws most probable absorption line, and the set of establishing the spectroscopic data of the i bar spectral line that measures is U={
u i1
,
u i2
,
u i3
,
u Im , the set of the standard spectrum data of i bar spectral line is V={ simultaneously
v i1
,
v i2
,
v i3
,
v im
, wherein i is a natural number, and i is smaller or equal to m; M is a natural number; Calculate the coefficient of similarity of set U and set V then
:
If coefficient of similarity<img file=" 15545DEST_PATH_IMAGE018.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 37 " >=<img file=" 2012102958533100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> then corresponding spectral line is judged as absorption line; Thereby obtaining i bar spectral line is effective absorption line, and wherein<img file=" 870369DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> is the level value of demarcating in advance;
Step (5). at last the spectroscopic data input precondition of effective absorption line and the artificial neural network of demarcation are handled; Calculate the concentration
of gas with various in the vehicle exhaust through artificial neural network, wherein
is the spectroscopic data of effective absorption line.
The level value
and the parameter calibration flow process of artificial neural network are specific as follows in described step (4), the middle ambiguity function degree of membership discriminant function of step (5):
(a) angle and the position of fixing gold-plated plane mirror, QCL and pyroelectric detector; The position and the heating arrangement of fixed length light path gas cell; Gather the spectrum output numerical value of pure air under the room temperature condition;
(b) thus through clean gas is mixed the vehicle exhaust that simulates under the different operating modes in varing proportions, the vehicle exhaust with simulation in the calibration process charges into long light path gas cell as gas to be calibrated;
The kind of described clean gas comprises CO, CO
2, NO, NO
2, NH
3And SO
2
(c) around the long light path gas cell around on heater coil give the heating of the even air in the long light path gas cell, make that the air themperature in the long light path gas cell changes along with the change that condition is set, the spectroscopic data output valve under the collection different temperatures;
One end of described long light path gas cell is provided with gold-plated corner cube mirror, and the other end is provided with QCL and the pyroelectric sensor module of surveying light path.
(d) according to the actual mixture ratio example of the vehicle exhaust of spectroscopic data output valve and simulation; Training obtains ambiguity function degree of membership level value
and artificial neural network parameter; Mean value according to N different measuring result obtains ambiguity function degree of membership level value
, utilizes this data sample training of human artificial neural networks simultaneously; If the resultant error of demarcating greater than 20%, then needs to demarcate again; Otherwise end calibration process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
The first, based on the voltage signal drive amount qc laser that the remote vehicle emissions measurement system of QCL uses arbitrary-function generator to produce, QCL is launched the mid and far infrared laser of different wave length.Repetition frequency and amplitude through changing sawtooth signal in the voltage signal can obtain the very fast spectrum swept-frequency signal of sweep velocity, thereby obtain results of spectral measurements fast.Because the rapid speed of one-shot measurement; Therefore the remote vehicle emissions measurement system based on QCL can adopt non-contacting mode to measure the vehicle exhaust concentration data under the condition of not disturbing automobile normal running in the driving process of automobile middling speed and low speed.
The second, QCL can be launched the mid and far infrared laser that wavelength can be regulated on a large scale, because the laser frequency spectrum wide coverage of launching, the gaseous species that therefore can measure is more, can accomplish CO, CO in the one-shot measurement process
2, NO, NO
2, NH
3And SO
2Concentration monitor Deng gas.Owing to only need a QCL, therefore based on the unusual compact of the remote vehicle emissions measurement system structure of QCL as spectral radiation source.Simultaneously because mid and far infrared laser for the very high sensitivity of vehicle exhaust composition, therefore can be realized the detection that the vehicle exhaust composition is sensitive.
The 3rd, can be arranged on the different road of width flexibly on both sides of the road according to the road actual conditions based on the remote vehicle emissions measurement system of QCL.Adjustment is placed on the angle of road gold-plated corner cube mirror on one side, and the mid and far infrared laser parallel that makes QCL send reflects by the pyroelectric sensor module and surveys reception.The spectral data disposal route that is adopted can realize data processing and analysis under complex road condition and the emission from vehicles situation through intelligent algorithms such as judgement of ambiguity function degree of membership and artificial neural networks.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a QCL driving circuit structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a pyroelectric sensor module testing circuit structural representation;
Fig. 4 is a spectroscopic data handling procedure process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is the parameter calibration process flow diagram of level value in the ambiguity function degree of membership discriminant function
and artificial neural network.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1; Based on the remote vehicle emissions measurement system of QCL, comprise arbitrary-function generator 1, current impulse driver module 2, QCL 3, tygon collimation condenser lens 4, spectroscope 5, chopper 6, pyroelectric sensor module 7, gold-plated corner cube mirror 8, lock-in amplifier 9, computing machine 10;
The voltage signal that arbitrary-function generator 1 produces is input to current impulse driver module 2; Produce current impulse drive amount qc laser 3 by current impulse driver module 2 again; QCL 3 is launched the mid and far infrared laser of which amplitude modulation under the driving of current impulse; Mid and far infrared laser is through the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens 4 collimations; Parallel mid and far infrared laser is divided into reference path and surveys light path through spectroscope 5; The mid and far infrared laser of reference path is surveyed by the pyroelectric sensor module 7 of reference path through chopper 6 modulation backs; The motor vehicle exhaust emission zone that the mid and far infrared laser of detection light path passes in going is reflected by gold-plated corner cube mirror 8, and the mid and far infrared laser process chopper 6 after the reflection, tygon collimation condenser lens 4 backs are by 7 detections of the pyroelectric sensor module of surveying light path.The sine wave signal component of the pyroelectric sensor module 7 of detection light path, the pyroelectric sensor module 7 of reference path and arbitrary-function generator 1 is imported respectively in the lock-in amplifier 9 and is carried out related calculation, and lock-in amplifier 9 outputs to computing machine 10 with the result.Computing machine 10 is done additive operation with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module 7 of reference path with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module 7 of surveying light path; And result of calculation carried out the processing of data and the analysis of spectrum, finally obtain the measurement result of vehicle exhaust.
Described spectroscope 5 is arranged on tygon collimation condenser lens 4 dead aheads, and becomes 45 ° with the light of the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens 4 collimations;
As shown in Figure 2, the voltage signal that arbitrary-function generator 1 produces is by computer control, and produces three kinds of signals and be respectively: rectangular pulse signal, sawtooth signal and sine wave signal; At first, rect.p. is operated under the pulse condition QCL, can guarantee that like this working temperature of laser instrument can be too not high; Secondly, sawtooth wave makes that the output wavelength of QCL is modulated, and the wavelength variation range of the mid and far infrared of QCL output and the amplitude of square wave are directly proportional; At last, sinusoidal wave mid and far infrared laser to output carries out Sine Modulated, makes laser to survey its light intensity through the method for correlation detection, thereby improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and the sensitivity of surveying; In arbitrary-function generator 1 inside with these three kinds of signals stack back input current pulsed drive modules 2; Current impulse driver module 2 comes drive amount qc laser 3 through electric current and voltage conversion back output through the current signal of ovennodulation; Arbitrary-function generator 1 is input to related operation that lock-in amplifier 9 carry out signal with the sine wave signal component in the superposed signal in the output superposed signal in current impulse driver module 2, lock-in amplifier is connected to computing machine 10.
As shown in Figure 3, pyroelectric sensor module 7 comprises pyroelectric sensor 13, resistance 12, filter capacitor 11; 1 pin of pyroelectric sensor 13 connects an end of DC voltage VCC and filter capacitor 11 simultaneously, an end of 2 pin connecting resistances 12, and the other end of 3 pin and resistance 12 is ground connection simultaneously, and the other end of filter capacitor 11 is connected with lock-in amplifier 9; Through the input of the AC signal behind the filter capacitor 11 lock-in amplifier 9, the sinusoidal ac signal of lock-in amplifier 9 outputs simultaneously drives chopper 6 and rotates with certain frequency, and lock-in amplifier 9 is connected to computing machine 10; Tygon collimation condenser lens 4 is placed on pyroelectric sensor module 7 dead aheads with chopper 6.
As shown in Figure 4; Vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection method based on QCL; Comprise step 410～460, and step 410～460th, spectroscopic data is handled the step that realizes through mean filter, spectral line linear fitting, fuzzy algorithm and neural network algorithm etc.What lock-in amplifier was exported is the original spectrum data (step 410) that measure; Use the method for mean filter function to remove the random noise (step 420) in the original spectrum data according to sawtooth wave frequency in the arbitrary-function generator; Obtain the spectroscopic data of the different wave length under the frequency sweep after the filtering, this mean filter function adopts the cycle of sawtooth signal in the composite signal to realize mean filter; Filtered spectroscopic data is at first used Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function match (step 430), and fitting function adopts Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to be described by formula 1.
1
Wherein,
,
;
Wherein:
γ D --Gauss's linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Simultaneously can obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
Wherein:
is the collision live width of spectral line;
is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Repeat n time and use Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to carry out match, can obtain the spectral distribution data
(step 440) of the different spectral lines of n bar.Any spectrum line data that match is obtained can draw most probable absorption line (step 450) according to ambiguity function degree of membership determination methods, if the set of the spectroscopic data of the i bar spectral line that hypothesis measures is U={
u i1
,
u i2
,
u i3
,
u Im , then the set of the standard spectrum data of database of i bar spectral line is V={
v i1
,
v i2
,
v i3
,
v im
, wherein i is a natural number, and i is smaller or equal to m; M is a natural number; Then calculate the coefficient of similarity of set U and set V:
If coefficient of similarity<img file=" 822755DEST_PATH_IMAGE018.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 37 " >=<img file=" 35562DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> then corresponding spectral line is judged as absorption line; Thereby obtaining i bar spectral line is effective absorption line, and wherein<img file=" 679033DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> is the level value of demarcating in advance.At last the spectroscopic data input precondition of effective absorption line and the artificial neural network of demarcation are handled; Calculate the concentration <img file=" 702614DEST_PATH_IMAGE024.GIF " he=" 26 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 45 " /> (step 460) of gas with various in the vehicle exhaust through artificial neural network, wherein <img file=" 369219DEST_PATH_IMAGE026.GIF " he=" 25 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 130 " /> is the spectroscopic data of effective absorption line.
As shown in Figure 5, the level value in the ambiguity function degree of membership discriminant function
and the parameter calibration flow process of artificial neural network are following:
Beginning (step 510); Fixing gold-plated plane mirror, the angle of QCL and pyroelectric detector and position (step 520); The position of fixed length light path gas cell and heating arrangement (step 530); Gather the spectrum output numerical value (step 540) of pure air under the room temperature condition; Through thereby clean gas is mixed the vehicle exhaust that simulates under the different operating modes in varing proportions, the kind of clean gas comprises CO, CO
2, NO, NO
2, NH
3And SO
2Deng, in the calibration process the composite vehicle exhaust of different proportion is charged into long light path gas cell as gas (step 550) to be calibrated; Around the long light path gas cell around on heater coil give the heating of the even air in the long light path gas cell, make that the air themperature in the long light path gas cell changes along with the change that condition is set, the spectroscopic data output valve (step 560) under the collection different temperatures; Can train according to spectroscopic data output valve and the actual melting concn of vehicle exhaust and to obtain ambiguity function degree of membership level value
With artificial neural network parameter (step 570), obtain ambiguity function degree of membership level value according to N different measuring result's mean value
, utilize this data sample training of human artificial neural networks simultaneously; If the resultant error of demarcating greater than 20%, then needs to demarcate again, continue circulation execution in step 540 to step 570; Otherwise finish calibration process (step 590).
Claims (2)
1. based on the remote vehicle emissions measurement system of QCL, comprise arbitrary-function generator (1), current impulse driver module (2), QCL (3), tygon collimation condenser lens (4), spectroscope (5), chopper (6), pyroelectric sensor module (7), gold-plated corner cube mirror (8), lock-in amplifier (9), computing machine (10);
The voltage signal that arbitrary-function generator (1) produces is input to current impulse driver module (2); Produce current impulse drive amount qc laser (3) by current impulse driver module (2) again; QCL (3) is launched the mid and far infrared laser of which amplitude modulation under the driving of current impulse; Mid and far infrared laser is through the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens (4) collimation; Parallel mid and far infrared laser is divided into reference path and surveys light path through spectroscope (5); The mid and far infrared laser of reference path is surveyed by the pyroelectric sensor module (7) of reference path through chopper (6) modulation back; The motor vehicle exhaust emission zone that the mid and far infrared laser of detection light path passes in going is reflected by gold-plated corner cube mirror (8), and the mid and far infrared laser process chopper (6) after the reflection, tygon collimation condenser lens (4) back are by pyroelectric sensor module (7) detection of surveying light path; The sine wave signal component of the pyroelectric sensor module (7) of detection light path, the pyroelectric sensor module (7) of reference path and arbitrary-function generator (1) is imported respectively in the lock-in amplifier (9) and is carried out related calculation, and lock-in amplifier (9) outputs to computing machine (10) with the result; Computing machine (10) is done additive operation with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module (7) of reference path with the related operation output valve of the pyroelectric sensor module (7) of surveying light path; And result of calculation carried out the processing of data and the analysis of spectrum, finally obtain the measurement result of vehicle exhaust;
Described spectroscope (5) is arranged on tygon collimation condenser lens (4) dead ahead, and becomes 45 ° with the light of the parallel outgoing of tygon collimation condenser lens (4) collimation;
Described arbitrary-function generator (1) produces three kinds of signals: rectangular pulse signal, sawtooth signal and sine wave signal; Inner at arbitrary-function generator (1) with these three kinds of voltage signal stack back input current pulsed drive modules (2); Current impulse driver module (2) comes drive amount qc laser (3) through electric current and voltage conversion back output through the current signal of ovennodulation; Arbitrary-function generator (1) is input to related operation that lock-in amplifier (9) carry out signal with the sine wave signal component in the superposed signal in the output superposed signal in current impulse driver module (2), lock-in amplifier is connected to computing machine (10);
Described pyroelectric sensor module (7) comprises pyroelectric sensor (13), resistance (12), filter capacitor (11); 1 pin of pyroelectric sensor (13) connects an end of DC voltage VCC and filter capacitor (11) simultaneously; One end of 2 pin connecting resistances (12); The other end of 3 pin and resistance (12) is ground connection simultaneously, and the other end of filter capacitor (11) is connected with lock-in amplifier (9); Through the input of the AC signal behind the filter capacitor (11) lock-in amplifier (9), the sinusoidal ac signal of lock-in amplifier (9) output simultaneously drives chopper (6) and rotates with certain frequency, and lock-in amplifier (9) is connected to computing machine (10); Tygon collimation condenser lens (4) and chopper (6) are placed on pyroelectric sensor module (7) dead ahead.
2. use the method for the described remote vehicle emissions measurement system based on QCL of claim 1, specifically comprise the steps:
Vehicle exhaust remote sensing detection method based on QCL comprises the steps:
Step (1). the original spectrum data that lock-in amplifier output measures are given computing machine (10);
Step (2). use the method for mean filter function to remove the random noise in the original spectrum data according to sawtooth wave frequency in the arbitrary-function generator; The cycle of sawtooth signal is realized mean filter in the concrete employing composite signal, obtains the spectroscopic data of the different wave length under the frequency sweep after the filtering;
Step (3). filtered spectroscopic data is at first used the match of Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function, and the Fu Yite that fitting function adopted (Voigt) linear function is described by formula (1);
Wherein,
,
;
γ D --Gauss's linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Simultaneously can obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
Wherein:
is the collision live width of spectral line;
is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Step (4). use Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to repeat n match, can obtain the spectral distribution data of the different spectral lines of n bar
, any data based ambiguity function degree of membership of spectrum line determination methods that match is obtained draws most probable absorption line, and the set of establishing the spectroscopic data of the i bar spectral line that measures is U={
u i1
,
u i2
,
u i3
,
u Im , the set of the standard spectrum data of i bar spectral line is V={ simultaneously
v i1
,
v i2
,
v i3
,
v im
, wherein i is a natural number, and i is smaller or equal to m; M is a natural number; Calculate the coefficient of similarity of set U and set V then
:
If coefficient of similarity<img file=" 17540DEST_PATH_IMAGE018.GIF " he=" 25 " id=" ifm0011 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 37 " >=<img file=" 2012102958533100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " id=" ifm0012 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> then corresponding spectral line is judged as absorption line; Thereby obtaining i bar spectral line is effective absorption line, and wherein<img file=" 585531DEST_PATH_IMAGE022.GIF " he=" 25 " id=" ifm0013 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 41 " /> is the level value of demarcating in advance;
Step (5). at last the spectroscopic data input precondition of effective absorption line and the artificial neural network of demarcation are handled; Calculate the concentration
of gas with various in the vehicle exhaust through artificial neural network, wherein
is the spectroscopic data of effective absorption line;
The level value
and the parameter calibration flow process of artificial neural network are specific as follows in described step (4), the middle ambiguity function degree of membership discriminant function of step (5):
(a) angle and the position of fixing gold-plated plane mirror, QCL and pyroelectric detector; The position and the heating arrangement of fixed length light path gas cell; Gather the spectrum output numerical value of pure air under the room temperature condition;
(b) thus through clean gas is mixed the vehicle exhaust that simulates under the different operating modes in varing proportions, the vehicle exhaust with simulation in the calibration process charges into long light path gas cell as gas to be calibrated;
The kind of described clean gas comprises CO, CO
2, NO, NO
2, NH
3And SO
2
(c) around the long light path gas cell around on heater coil give the heating of the even air in the long light path gas cell, make that the air themperature in the long light path gas cell changes along with the change that condition is set, the spectroscopic data output valve under the collection different temperatures;
One end of described long light path gas cell is provided with gold-plated corner cube mirror, and the other end is provided with QCL and the pyroelectric sensor module of surveying light path;
(d) according to the actual mixture ratio example of the vehicle exhaust of spectroscopic data output valve and simulation; Training obtains ambiguity function degree of membership level value
and artificial neural network parameter; Mean value according to N different measuring result obtains ambiguity function degree of membership level value
, utilizes this data sample training of human artificial neural networks simultaneously; If the resultant error of demarcating greater than 20%, then needs to demarcate again; Otherwise end calibration process.
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