CN108037099B - Method for measuring blackness of motor vehicle exhaust by using photoelectric smoke detector - Google Patents
Method for measuring blackness of motor vehicle exhaust by using photoelectric smoke detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037099B CN108037099B CN201711260257.0A CN201711260257A CN108037099B CN 108037099 B CN108037099 B CN 108037099B CN 201711260257 A CN201711260257 A CN 201711260257A CN 108037099 B CN108037099 B CN 108037099B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring blackness of motor vehicle exhaust by using a photoelectric smoke detector, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, optimizing the measurement background, and reducing the interference of the near-ground background and the vehicle body background of the motor vehicle on the measurement result; s2, adjusting the illumination intensity to make the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector in the measuring range of the photoelectric smoke detector; s3, arranging a photoelectric smoke detector to enable the distance between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle to be 10-50 m; s4, adjusting the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to make the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector align to the background plate; and S5, starting the motor vehicle and the photoelectric smoke detector, and measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas discharged by the motor vehicle. The photoelectric smoke detector is used for measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle, and the accuracy of the Ringelmann blackness measurement of the tail gas of the motor vehicle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motor vehicle tail gas measurement, and particularly relates to a method for measuring motor vehicle tail gas blackness by using a photoelectric smoke detector.
Background
The photoelectric smoke detector method is mainly applied to measuring blackness (Ringelmann blackness) of industrial tail gas discharged by an industrial chimney, background measurement (background value and dark value of a measuring area) is needed during measurement, and the blackness of the tail gas is calculated by reducing the background value, so that the background and the illumination intensity are important factors influencing the light transmittance of the tail gas and are the key for judging whether the measurement result of the photoelectric smoke detector is accurate. When the blackness of the industrial tail gas discharged by the industrial chimney is measured, the sky is used as a background, the background is relatively simple, and the blackness of the industrial tail gas can be accurately measured.
However, if the photoelectric smoke detector is used for measuring the tail gas of the motor vehicle, the height of the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is low (only 20-40 CM away from the ground), the capability of reflecting light by taking the ground or the vehicle body as a background is poor, the light is dark, interference factors are many, and the background measurement cannot reach an ideal level easily, so that the photoelectric smoke detector in the general situation cannot accurately calculate the light transmittance of the tail gas discharged by the motor vehicle. Therefore, the existing photoelectric smoke detector method is difficult to accurately measure the blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for measuring blackness of motor vehicle exhaust by using a photoelectric smoke detector, which overcomes the defects that the photoelectric smoke detector is difficult to accurately calculate the light transmittance of the motor vehicle exhaust due to the fact that the height of an exhaust port of a motor vehicle is low, the capability of reflecting light is poor by taking the ground or a vehicle body as a background, the light is dark, interference factors are many, and the background measurement is difficult to reach an ideal level.
The invention provides a method for measuring blackness of motor vehicle exhaust by using a photoelectric smoke detector, which comprises the following steps:
s1, optimizing the measurement background, and reducing the interference of the near-ground background and the vehicle body background of the motor vehicle on the measurement result;
s2, adjusting the illumination intensity to make the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector in the measuring range of the photoelectric smoke detector;
s3, arranging a photoelectric smoke detector to enable the distance between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle to be 10-50 m;
s4, adjusting the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to make the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector align to the background plate;
and S5, starting the motor vehicle and the photoelectric smoke detector, and measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas discharged by the motor vehicle.
Preferably, the optimization of the measurement background reduces the interference of the near-ground background and the vehicle body background to the measurement result, and specifically includes:
s11, setting a background plate with reflection performance to avoid the interference of the ground to the blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle;
and S12, making the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector be basically vertical to the exhaust direction of the tail gas and be basically parallel to the ground.
Preferably, the background plate is provided with reflective properties to avoid interference of the ground with the motor vehicle exhaust blackness, in particular: a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at the position 1-3m of the direction of an exhaust port of the motor vehicle, and a panel of the background plate is prevented from contacting tail gas of the motor vehicle.
Preferably, the background plate is provided with reflective properties to avoid interference of the ground with the motor vehicle exhaust blackness, in particular: a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at a position 2m of the direction of an exhaust port of the motor vehicle, and a panel of the background plate is prevented from contacting tail gas of the motor vehicle.
Preferably, the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is substantially perpendicular to the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas and substantially parallel to the ground, and specifically includes: if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the side, the direction of the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is basically parallel to the body of the motor vehicle and is basically parallel to the ground; if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the rear, the lens direction of the photoelectric smoke detector is basically vertical to the body of the motor vehicle and is basically parallel to the ground.
Preferably, the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is substantially perpendicular to the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas and substantially parallel to the ground, and specifically, the photoelectric smoke detector further includes: if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the ground, the exhaust port can be additionally provided with a smoke guide pipe to discharge the tail gas in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the lens direction of the photoelectric smoke detector is substantially perpendicular to the exhaust discharge direction of the smoke guide pipe and is substantially parallel to the ground.
Preferably, the adjusting the illumination intensity to make the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector be within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector specifically includes:
s21, arranging a light supplement lamp beside the background plate to enable the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector to be within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector;
and S22, adjusting the angle of the background plate to ensure that the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector is within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector.
Preferably, the included angle between the background plate and the horizontal ground is 45-90 degrees.
Preferably, the distance between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is 15-35 m.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the background plate is arranged, the angle of the background plate is adjusted, the light supplementing lamp is additionally arranged, and the relative position of the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector and the motor vehicle is adjusted, so that the defect that the motor vehicle surrounding environment is complex and is not suitable for measuring the Ringelmann blackness through the photoelectric smoke detector is overcome, and the photoelectric smoke detector can also be used for measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle. The measuring efficiency of the Ringelmann blackness is improved, and the applicable scenes of the photoelectric smoke detector are increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the lingermann blackness measurement method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the photoelectric smoke detector, the motor vehicle and the background plate when the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is positioned on the side.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the photoelectric smoke detector, the motor vehicle and the background plate when the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is positioned at the rear.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the position relationship between the background plate, the fill-in light and the ground.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a method for measuring blackness of exhaust gas of a motor vehicle by using a photoelectric smoke detector according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
and S1, optimizing the measurement background, and reducing the interference of the near-ground background and the vehicle body background of the motor vehicle on the measurement result. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, a background plate having a reflective property is provided to avoid interference of the ground with the vehicle exhaust blackness. Specifically, a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at a position 1-3m away from an exhaust port of the motor vehicle, a panel of the background plate is required to be prevented from contacting with tail gas of the motor vehicle, the tail gas of the motor vehicle is prevented from forming smoke clusters after striking the background plate, the light transmittance of the tail gas is prevented from being interfered, and a reflection surface of the background plate faces to a lens of the photoelectric smoke detector. After the motor vehicle exhaust is diffused for a certain distance, the blackness is more obvious, and the concentration of black smoke can be better detected. The background plate is smooth and has good reflection performance, and the color of the bottom surface is required to be light, in the embodiment, the background plate is a reflecting plate of a photographic apparatus, the color is close to the sky, and the size is 80cm by 80 cm. In a preferred embodiment, a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at 2m of the direction of the exhaust port of the motor vehicle, and the reflection surface of the background plate faces to the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector, so that the measurement effect is the best.
And S12, making the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector be basically vertical to the exhaust direction of the tail gas and be basically parallel to the ground. The influence of the automobile body on the tail gas light transmittance is avoided.
In a specific embodiment, if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the side, as shown in fig. 2, the lens direction of the photoelectric smoke detector is substantially parallel to the body of the motor vehicle and substantially parallel to the ground; if the exhaust port of the vehicle is directed rearward, the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is oriented substantially perpendicular to the vehicle body and substantially parallel to the ground, as shown in fig. 3.
In another embodiment, if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the ground, a smoke guide pipe can be additionally arranged on the exhaust port to discharge smoke in a horizontal direction, and preferably, the caliber of the smoke guide pipe is equivalent to that of the exhaust port. At the moment, the direction of a lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is basically vertical to the exhaust direction of the smoke guiding pipe and is basically parallel to the ground.
And S2, adjusting the illumination intensity to make the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector.
S21, arranging a light supplement lamp beside the background plate, and enabling the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector to be within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector.
Specifically, measure the place light darker or set up indoor measuring when the open air, can add the light darkness of establishing the light filling lamp adjustment and measuring the place, the light filling lamp should set up the background board next door, and light should shine on the background board.
And S22, adjusting the angle of the background plate to ensure that the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector is within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the included angle between the background plate and the horizontal ground is 45-90 °, and the measurement effect of the photoelectric smoke detector is the best.
And S3, arranging the photoelectric smoke detector to enable the distance D between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle to be 10-50 m. More preferably, the distance D between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is 15-35 m. When the distance D between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is larger than 50m, the electronic snapshot system cannot detect the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle. Similarly, when the distance D between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is less than 10m, the electronic snapshot system cannot detect the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle.
And S4, adjusting the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to enable the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to be aligned with the background plate.
And S5, starting the motor vehicle and the photoelectric smoke detector, and measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas discharged by the motor vehicle. The photoelectric smoke detector utilizes the optical system to collect images of tail gas, compares the light transmittance of the tail gas with the light transmittance of a standard Ringelmann blackness plate inside the photoelectric smoke detector, converts optical signals into electric signals to be output through the processing of the optical system, and displays the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas through the display system. The lingemann blackness rating is classified into 6 grades, from 0 to 5 grades, and the specific classification is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Ringelmann jetness rating Scale
| Grade | Blackness ratio (%) |
| 0 | 0-19 |
| 1 | 20-39 |
| 2 | 40-59 |
| 3 | 60-79 |
| 4 | 80-99 |
| 5 | All black |
According to the method for measuring the Ringelmann blackness, the background plate is arranged, the angle of the background plate is adjusted, the light supplementing lamp is additionally arranged, and the relative position of the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector and the motor vehicle is adjusted, so that the defect that the peripheral environment of the motor vehicle is complex and is not suitable for measuring the Ringelmann blackness through the photoelectric smoke detector is overcome, and the photoelectric smoke detector can also be used for measuring the Ringelmann blackness of tail gas of the motor vehicle. The measuring efficiency of the Ringelmann blackness is improved, and the applicable scenes of the photoelectric smoke detector are increased.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring motor vehicle exhaust jetness with a photoelectric smoke detector, the method comprising:
s1, optimizing the measurement background, and reducing the interference of the near-ground background and the vehicle body background of the motor vehicle on the measurement result;
s2, setting a background plate, and adjusting the angle of the background plate to adjust the illumination intensity so that the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector for measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle is in the measuring range of the photoelectric smoke detector;
s3, arranging a photoelectric smoke detector to enable the distance between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle to be 10-50 m;
s4, adjusting the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to enable the observation area of the photoelectric smoke detector to be aligned to a background plate, wherein the included angle between the background plate and the horizontal ground is 45-90 degrees;
and S5, starting the motor vehicle and the photoelectric smoke detector, and measuring the Ringelmann blackness of the tail gas discharged by the motor vehicle.
2. The method for measuring the blackness of the exhaust gas of the motor vehicle by using the photoelectric smoke detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimization of the measurement background reduces the interference of the near-ground background and the background of the body of the motor vehicle on the measurement result, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, setting the background board with reflection property to avoid the interference of the floor to the blackness of the motor vehicle tail gas;
and S12, making the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector be basically vertical to the exhaust direction of the tail gas and be basically parallel to the ground.
3. The method for measuring the blackness of the motor vehicle exhaust by using the photoelectric smoke detector according to claim 2, wherein a background plate with a reflection performance is arranged to avoid the interference of the ground to the blackness of the motor vehicle exhaust, and specifically comprises the following steps: a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at the position 1-3m of the direction of an exhaust port of the motor vehicle, and a panel of the background plate is prevented from contacting tail gas of the motor vehicle.
4. The method for measuring the blackness of the motor vehicle exhaust by using the photoelectric smoke detector according to claim 2, wherein a background plate with a reflection performance is arranged to avoid the interference of the ground to the blackness of the motor vehicle exhaust, and specifically comprises the following steps: a background plate with reflection performance is arranged at a position 2m of the direction of an exhaust port of the motor vehicle, and a panel of the background plate is prevented from contacting tail gas of the motor vehicle.
5. The method for measuring the blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle by using the photoelectric smoke detector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is made to be substantially perpendicular to the exhaust direction of the tail gas and substantially parallel to the ground, and the method comprises the following steps: if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the side, the direction of the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is basically parallel to the body of the motor vehicle and is basically parallel to the ground; if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the rear, the lens direction of the photoelectric smoke detector is basically vertical to the body of the motor vehicle and is basically parallel to the ground.
6. The method for measuring the blackness of the exhaust gas of the motor vehicle by using the photoelectric smoke detector according to claim 5, wherein the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is made to be substantially perpendicular to the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas and substantially parallel to the ground, and the method further comprises the following steps: if the exhaust port of the motor vehicle faces the ground, the exhaust port can be additionally provided with a smoke guide pipe to discharge the tail gas in the horizontal direction.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the direction of the lens of the photoelectric smoke detector is substantially perpendicular to the exhaust emission direction of the smoke guide tube and substantially parallel to the ground.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein a fill light is disposed beside the background plate to adjust the illumination intensity so that the background value of the photoelectric smoke detector is within the measurement range of the photoelectric smoke detector.
9. The method for measuring motor vehicle exhaust blackness using an optoelectronic smoke measuring instrument as claimed in claim 8, wherein the background plate is a reflective plate.
10. The method for measuring the blackness of the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle by using the photoelectric smoke detector according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the distance between the photoelectric smoke detector and the exhaust port of the motor vehicle is 15 to 35 m.
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| CN116127616B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-27 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Real-time monitoring method and system for nitrogen oxide tail gas emission of diesel vehicle road |
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| CN102737247B (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-08-13 | 中国科学技术大学 | Identification system of smoke intensity image of tail gas of diesel vehicle |
| CN103196789A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏大学 | Diesel vehicle tail gas smoke intensity detecting method |
| CN105388544B (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-02-09 | 安徽宝龙环保科技有限公司 | A kind of retroreflecting plate for being used to measure motor-vehicle tail-gas |
| CN205229030U (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-11 | 山东省计量科学研究院 | A device for determining smoke intensity calorific power |
| CN106383097B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2024-01-19 | 大连中汇达科学仪器有限公司 | Remote sensing detection system and method for motor vehicle tail gas based on tunable laser |
| CN206420766U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-08-18 | 河南星禾环保科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-energy source car remote exhaust emission monitoring system |
| CN106680281B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2018-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of exhaust gas from diesel vehicle smoke intensity detection method based on depth residual error learning network |
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