CN106382322A - Composite spring damper capable of regulating initial stiffness - Google Patents
Composite spring damper capable of regulating initial stiffness Download PDFInfo
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- CN106382322A CN106382322A CN201610903553.7A CN201610903553A CN106382322A CN 106382322 A CN106382322 A CN 106382322A CN 201610903553 A CN201610903553 A CN 201610903553A CN 106382322 A CN106382322 A CN 106382322A
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- steel wire
- wire rope
- spring
- guide sleeve
- back pressure
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 32
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/116—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on metal springs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
- F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite spring damper capable of regulating initial stiffness. The composite spring damper is characterized in that a back pressure device is further arranged in a guide sleeve, wherein the back pressure device comprises three or more pre-compaction steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning elements which are as many as the pre-compaction steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage devices which are as many as the pre-compaction steel wire ropes and a floating back pressure steel plate; the pre-compaction steel wire ropes are distributed in a ring-shaped space in a folding mode; one end of each pre-compaction steel wire rope is symmetrically fixedly arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate around the axis of the guide sleeve; the other end of each pre-compaction steel wire rope is turned back after passing through one opposite steel wire rope turning element, then, passes through the floating back pressure steel plate beside a fixed point, on the floating back pressure steel plate, of each pre-compaction steel wire rope, and is fixedly arranged on a second end cover through each steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device; and each pre-compaction steel wire rope is tensioned to tension needed for setting initial rigidity, so that the composite spring is clamped between a drive component and the floating back pressure steel plate all the time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration (or shock) preventing device for a building, in particular to a damping device comprising a composite spring.
Background
The composite spring is a rubber metal spiral composite spring, which is formed by wrapping a layer of rubber material around a metal spiral spring and compounding and vulcanizing the rubber material. The composite spring has the non-linear characteristic of a rubber spring, also has the characteristics of large deformation and large bearing capacity of a metal spiral spring, and has better stability and bearing capacity than the rubber spring. The composite spring has a working characteristic curve similar to that of the rubber air spring, but has a simpler structure and no risk of gas leakage compared with the rubber air spring, so that the composite spring is also used for replacing the rubber air spring and is widely applied to energy dissipation and vibration reduction of large-scale vibration equipment such as mining equipment, metallurgy equipment, coal equipment and the like and shock insulation of buildings.
The single metal spiral spring can only work in one state of extension or compression (so-called tension spring or compression spring), while the rubber spring can only work in a compression state and has weak tensile capacity, so that the composite spring formed by compounding and vulcanizing the metal spiral spring and the rubber spring is usually a compression spring and can only realize unidirectional vibration reduction. If the composite spring is used for bidirectional vibration reduction, at least two composite springs are used to form a damper, and the compression elastic deformation of the two composite springs is used for reducing bidirectional vibration respectively.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent application with grant publication number CN 204081122U discloses a wind-resistant shock attenuation spring damper for building, this damper with two elastomers (be two coil spring) respectively rigid coupling in the uide bushing on the epaxial middle restriction subassembly of center, when the damper is drawn or is compressed, one of them elastomer is drawn, another elastomer is compressed to realize the wind-resistant shock attenuation. However, the utility model patent obviously has the following disadvantages: 1. two spiral springs are needed, the whole damper is long, and the damper is not suitable for being installed in a space with a small distance; 2. in the process, the equal rigidity (including the tensile rigidity and the compression rigidity) of the two springs is difficult or even impossible to ensure, so that the damping effects are different when the wind directions are different; 3. the initial rigidity of the damper cannot be changed, and the aims of presetting the wind resistance level and reducing the damping cost are achieved; 4. one helical spring works in two states of stretching and compressing simultaneously, the metal material and the production process of the existing spring are difficult to meet the requirements, and the two working states of stretching and compressing can be realized only by reducing the elastic deformation range of the helical spring, which obviously causes resource waste. If the composite spring is used for resisting wind and reducing vibration, the two composite springs are obviously used for forming the wind-resisting damper like the utility model, and the damper formed by the composite spring obviously has the same defects as the utility model.
In addition, people pursue a comprehensive anti-seismic performance combining 'resistance' and 'consumption' for the design of an anti-seismic structure, particularly an anti-seismic structure of a high-rise building, namely the anti-seismic structure can provide extra additional rigidity for a building main body to resist the action of external load under the action of weak wind vibration and small earthquake, the integrity of the main body structure is maintained, and the internal damage of the structure main body is avoided; the anti-seismic structure begins to yield and deform under the action of strong wind vibration and a large earthquake, and external energy is dissipated through the damping effect of the damper in the anti-seismic structure, so that the main body of the structure is not seriously damaged or even collapsed in the strong wind vibration and the large earthquake. The requirement is that the anti-seismic structure can keep rigidity and does not deform under the action of external weak load; the energy can be dissipated by deformation under the action of external strong load. However, the existing seismic isolation elements cannot perfectly meet the seismic requirements.
The invention patent application with the publication number of CN101457553A discloses a tuned mass damper with adjustable spring stiffness, which is a composite damper, the characteristic frequency of the damper is changed by changing the thickness of a mass block, the damping ratio of the damper is changed by changing the flow of a working medium of the viscous damper, and the stiffness of the damper is changed by changing the effective working length of a spring, wherein three means are adopted for changing the effective working length of the spring, firstly, a section of the spring positioned in a curing cylinder is cured by adopting a curing material, secondly, a constraint block is inserted into the center of a spiral spring and is in interference fit with the spring, so that a section of the spring contacted with the constraint block fails, thirdly, a spiral bulge is arranged on the surface of the constraint block, and the spiral bulge is clamped between spring wires, so that a section of the spring clamped with the spiral bulge between the spring wires fails. The three means described above for varying the effective working length of the spring are clearly not applicable to compound springs; in addition, the damping shock absorber in the form not only obviously shortens the effective working length of the spring, but also can only compress energy consumption and damp and cannot stretch the energy consumption and damp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a composite spring damper with adjustable initial stiffness, which not only keeps the effective working length of a composite spring, but also can compress and stretch energy dissipation and vibration reduction.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a composite spring damper with adjustable initial stiffness comprises a guide sleeve, wherein one end of the guide sleeve is provided with a first end cover, the other end of the guide sleeve is provided with a second end cover, and a spring is coaxially arranged inside the guide sleeve; a driving member extending into the guide sleeve from the center of the first end cap and acting on the spring; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a composite spring (all called as a rubber metal spiral composite spring), the outer diameter of the composite spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the composite spring and the guide sleeve;
the guide sleeve is also internally provided with a back pressure device which comprises more than three pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning elements with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes and a floating back pressure steel plate, wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate is arranged between the composite spring and the second end cover;
the steel wire rope direction changing element is symmetrically fixed on the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve;
wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the self-centering locking clamp of second, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw sheets is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamp points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates out of the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw and the center hole of the plane bearing and the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw through the anti-torsion compression spring, under the tension action of the prepressing steel wire rope, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the prepressing steel wire ropes are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each prepressing steel wire rope is symmetrically fixed on the floating counter-pressure steel plate around the axis of the guide sleeve, the other end of each prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through an opposite steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the floating counter-pressure steel plate beside a fixed point of the prepressing steel wire rope on the floating counter-pressure steel plate, and a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device is fixed on the second end cover;
on the floating back pressure steel plate, a through hole for penetrating the pre-pressed steel wire rope is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressed steel wire rope, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressed steel wire rope;
the guide sleeve, the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate are in movable fit respectively;
and tensioning the pre-pressed steel wire rope to the tension required by setting the initial rigidity, so that the composite spring is always clamped between the driving member and the floating back pressure steel plate.
The working principle of the composite spring damper is as follows: when the dynamic load is relatively acted along the axis of the guide sleeve, the driving member compresses the compound spring downwards; when the dynamic load acts along the axis of the guide sleeve in the opposite direction, the prepressing steel wire rope reversely lifts the floating counter-pressure steel plate through the steel wire rope turning element to compress the composite spring. Therefore, the composite spring can be compressed by the axial dynamic load acting on the composite spring damper oppositely or reversely, so that the composite spring is elastically deformed to consume energy.
According to the working principle, the prepressing steel wire rope and the hole wall of the through hole in the floating back pressure steel plate cannot generate friction in the working process, otherwise, the up-and-down movement of the floating back pressure steel plate is interfered, so that the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the prepressing steel wire rope, and the up-and-down movement of the floating back pressure steel plate is preferably not interfered and influenced.
In the above scheme, the wire rope direction changing element is a common fixed pulley or a hoisting ring-shaped member with a direction changing function similar to that of the common fixed pulley, such as a hoisting ring screw, a U-shaped member and the like.
According to the composite spring damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness, one end of the prepressing steel wire rope fixed on the floating back pressure steel plate can be fixed by welding, and can also be fixed by tying similar lifting ring screws.
In order to prevent the two ends of the compound spring from sliding on the driving member and the floating back pressure steel plate, the invention has another improvement scheme that: and the surfaces of the driving member opposite to the floating back pressure steel plate are respectively provided with a positioning ring, and two ends of the composite spring are respectively embedded in the positioning rings.
The composite spring damper can be widely applied to the fields of machinery and buildings, such as isolation of internal vibration of mechanical equipment, isolation of equipment foundations, seismic reinforcement of building structures, seismic resistance of large buildings and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the composite spring damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness has the following effects:
(1) external force is applied along the axis, and the composite spring can generate elastic compression deformation and consume energy no matter the external force is pressure or tension;
(2) when the dynamic load is larger than the resisting capacity of the preset initial rigidity of the damper, the damper is symmetrical in two-way elastic deformation, so that the compression deformation energy consumption effect of the damper is not influenced by the change of the positive direction and the negative direction of the external load, and a convenient condition is provided for the reinforcement design of the building structure such as wind load resistance;
(3) the initial rigidity of the whole damper can be changed by only changing the length of the steel wire rope, and the damper cannot be deformed by external force before the initial rigidity is overcome, so that when the damper is used for shock insulation of buildings, the seismic intensity can be preset, and the shock insulation cost is obviously reduced;
(4) the two working states of stretching and compressing can be realized only by one composite spring, and the length of the damper is obviously shortened.
(5) The initial stiffness of the damper can be preset by presetting the length of the pre-pressing steel wire rope, and the effective working length of the composite spring is unchanged, so that the original characteristic parameters of the composite spring cannot be changed.
(6) Adopt wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle to fix one end of pre-compaction wire rope on the second end cap, firstly can adjust the length of pre-compaction wire rope, guarantee all pre-compaction wire rope's tension balance, secondly utilizes the combined action of preventing turning round compression spring and first self-centering locking clamp, can prevent effectively that pre-compaction wire rope from carrying out the wrench movement of length adjustment's in-process and changing the characteristic parameter of steel wire cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 6 are schematic structural views of an embodiment of a damper according to the present invention, in which fig. 1 is a front view (C-C rotation section of fig. 3), fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a (pre-stressed steel wire rope omitted) of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a sectional view B-B (pre-stressed steel wire rope omitted) of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a bottom view, fig. 5 is an enlarged structural view of a part i of fig. 1, and fig. 6 is an enlarged structural view of a part ii of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 to 11 are schematic structural views of the self-locking tensioning anchor of the steel wire rope in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 6, wherein fig. 7 is a front view (sectional view), a broken line in the drawings indicates a pre-stressed steel wire rope, fig. 8 is a bottom view, fig. 9 is a sectional view of D-D of fig. 7, fig. 10 is a sectional view of E-E of fig. 7, and fig. 11 is a sectional view of F-F of fig. 7.
Fig. 12 to 16 are schematic structural views of a damper according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 12 is a front view (cross section), fig. 13 is a G-G cross section (without pre-pressing wire rope) of fig. 12, fig. 14 is an H-H cross section (without pre-pressing wire rope) of fig. 12, fig. 15 is a bottom view, and fig. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view I-I of fig. 13.
Fig. 17 to 21 are schematic structural views of a damper according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 17 is a front view (cross section), fig. 18 is a J-J cross section (with the pre-stressed wire rope omitted) of fig. 17, fig. 19 is a K-K cross section (with the pre-stressed wire rope omitted) of fig. 17, fig. 20 is a bottom view, and fig. 21 is an enlarged structural view of a part iii of fig. 17.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the damper in this embodiment is a vertical seismic isolation device (also called a vertical seismic isolation support) for building seismic resistance, and includes a guide sleeve 1, a first end cover 2, a second end cover 3, a compound spring 4, and a back pressure device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the guide sleeve 1 is in a circular tube shape, and two ends of the guide sleeve extend outwards in the radial direction to form flange plates 5. The first end cover 2 is connected with a flange plate 5 at the upper end of the guide sleeve 1, and a guide hole is formed in the center of the first end cover; the middle part of the second end cover 3 is upwards bulged to form an inverted basin shape, the peripheral edge is provided with a mounting hole 6, and the guide sleeve 1 is fixed on the upper surface of the bulged middle part through a flange 5 arranged at the lower end.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the driving member consists of a movable platen 7 and an upper connecting plate 8, wherein the edge of the upper connecting plate 8 is provided with a mounting hole 6, and the middle part of the upper connecting plate is recessed to form a driving rod 8-1 in a shape of a tea cup; the driving rod 8-1 extends into the guide sleeve 1 through a guide hole arranged on the first end cover 2 and is fixed with the movable platen 7 through a screw, wherein the movable platen 7 is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the composite spring 4 is formed by compounding and vulcanizing a cylindrical helical compression spring 4-1 and a rubber spring 4-2 wrapped outside the cylindrical helical compression spring 4-1. The compound spring 4 is coaxially arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and a movable platen 7 in the driving member acts on the upper end surface of the compound spring. The outer diameter of the compound spring 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 1, and an annular space is formed between the compound spring and the guide sleeve.
Referring to fig. 1, a gap 14 larger than the amplitude is provided between the upper connecting plate 8 and the first end cap 2; in order to avoid that during vibration a collision occurs between the movable platen 7 of the driving member and the first end cap 2, a collision avoidance gap 13 is provided between the movable platen 7 and the first end cap 2.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the back pressure device is arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the specific scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-6, the back pressure device comprises three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, three lifting ring screws 10 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, three lifting ring screws 10 fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 and three steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16. Wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the composite spring 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
the three lifting ring screws 10 serving as steel wire rope turning elements symmetrically fix the lower surface of the movable platen 7 of the driving component, which is positioned on the periphery of the compound spring 4, around the axis of the guide sleeve 1.
Referring to fig. 7-11, each steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchor 16 is composed of a first self-centering locking clamp, a second self-centering locking clamp, an anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 and a planar bearing 16-2, wherein:
the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat 16-3, the edge of the connecting seat 16-3 is provided with a mounting hole 16-12, the middle part of the lower end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss 16-4, the inside of the boss 16-4 is provided with a first taper hole 16-5 along the axial lead, the taper hole is internally provided with a first tapered clamping jaw 16-7 consisting of 3 claw pieces, the peripheral surface of the boss 16-4 is sleeved with a tensioning screw sleeve 16-6, and the first tapered clamping jaw are in threaded connection; the small end of the first tapered clamp 16-7 points to the connecting seat 16-3, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve 16-8, and a section of second taper hole 16-13 and a section of threaded hole are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve 16-8 along the axis; the second taper clamping jaw 16-9 consisting of 3 jaw pieces is arranged in the second taper hole 16-13, the threaded hole is internally provided with a hollow bolt 16-10, the head of the hollow bolt 16-10 is opposite to the big end of the second taper clamping jaw 16-9, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve 16-8 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the plane bearing 16-2 is composed of a ball-retainer assembly 16-11 and annular raceways which are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 opposite to the taper sleeve 16-8, wherein the annular raceways are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly 16-11;
the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw 16-9 and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw 16-7 are in the same direction; the plane bearing 16-2 is positioned between the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 and the taper sleeve 16-8, and the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6. After the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 penetrates out from the space between the claws of the first conical clamping jaw 16-7 through the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1, the center hole of the plane bearing 16-2 and the claws of the second conical clamping jaw 16-9, under the action of the tension of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 acts on the first conical clamping jaw 16-7, and the other end acts on the taper sleeve 16-8.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the connecting seat 16-3 of the steel wire self-locking tensioning anchor 16 is fixed on the lower surface of the raised middle part of the second end cover 3 by a screw, and the distance from the lower surface of the raised middle part of the second end cover 3 to the bottom surface of the second end cover 3 is greater than the height of the steel wire self-locking tensioning anchor 16.
Referring to fig. 1-6, three lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; three steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged at the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the three lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; three pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting ring screw 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through an opposite lifting ring screw 10 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, and then the pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 pass through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the positions, corresponding to steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorages 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, beside the fixed points on the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, and are anchored on the second end cover 3 by the; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, positioning rings 15 with inner diameters matched with the outer diameters of the composite springs 4 are arranged on the surfaces of the movable platen 7 opposite to the floating back pressure steel plate 11, and two ends of each composite spring 4 are respectively embedded in the positioning rings 15 on the movable platen 7 and the floating back pressure steel plate 11.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6 in combination with fig. 7 to 11, in order to achieve the purpose of presetting the initial stiffness, the installation and tensioning methods of the three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 are as follows: (1) firstly, calculating the tension of the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 meeting the initial stiffness of the damper according to the initial stiffness preset by the damper and the characteristic parameters of the disc spring group 4; (2) assembling the damper according to the figure 1, and enabling each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 to penetrate out of central holes of a first conical clamping jaw 15-7, a second conical clamping jaw 15-9 and a hollow bolt 15-10 of a corresponding steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage 15; then, (3) tying the rope head of the exposed prepressing steel wire rope 9 on a traction tensioning machine, and monitoring the tension of the prepressing steel wire rope 9 by adopting a tension detector while traction tensioning; when the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tensioned to the tension required by the preset initial rigidity, moving a second self-centering locking clamp forwards, adjusting and screwing a tensioning screw sleeve 15-6 simultaneously, so that a plane bearing 15-2 is tightly clamped between the tensioning screw sleeve 15-6 and a taper sleeve 15-8, an anti-twisting compression spring 15-1 is compressed, the generated tension pushes a first tapered clamping jaw 15-7 to move forwards to clamp the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and then screwing a hollow bolt 15-10 to clamp the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 in the second tapered clamping jaw 15-9; and finally, removing the traction tensioning machine, cutting off the redundant prepressing steel wire rope 9, and clamping the disc spring group 4 between the movable pressing plate 7 and the floating back pressure steel plate 11 all the time.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7-11, in the construction process or daily maintenance process of installing the damper, if the tension of a certain pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is found to be insufficient, a tensioning threaded sleeve 15-6 in a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 15 can be screwed for adjustment.
Referring to fig. 1-3, because the damper is a vertical shock isolation device in this embodiment, when the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is tensioned, the sum of the tensions of the three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 is equal to the static load borne by the damper, so that the two-way elastic deformation symmetry of the damper can be ensured.
Under ideal conditions, when the vertical waves of an earthquake are transmitted to a building through the shock isolation device, the building should not be displaced. Based on the above, the working principle of the earthquake-proof shock isolation device for buildings in the embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, when the dynamic load generated by the vertical wave of the earthquake overcomes the initial stiffness of the damper, if the dynamic load pushes up the second end cap 3 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1, the reaction force of the movable platen 5 compresses the compound spring 4 downward, and the second end cap 3 moves upward along with the ground without the building moving; if the second end cover 3 is pulled down along the axis of the guide sleeve 1 by the dynamic load, the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 reversely lifts the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 through the lifting bolt 10 serving as a steel wire rope direction changing element, the composite spring 4 is compressed upwards, the second end cover 3 moves downwards along with the ground, but the building still does not move. Therefore, when the ground vibrates up and down due to the longitudinal seismic wave, the composite spring can be compressed to generate elastic deformation so as to consume energy.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 12 to 16, the damper in this embodiment is also a vertical seismic isolation device for earthquake resistance of a building, and is mainly improved on the basis of example 1 in the following points: (1) increasing the number of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 from three to four; (2) replacing the lifting bolt 10 as a steel wire rope turning element with a U-shaped member 17; (3) increasing the number of the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the prepressing steel wire rope 9 to four; (4) the counter-pressure device is correspondingly changed to:
the back pressure device consists of four pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, four U-shaped members 17 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, four lifting ring screws 10 for fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 and four steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9; wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the compound spring 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
four U-shaped members 17 which are used as steel wire rope turning elements are symmetrically fixed on the lower surface of the movable platen 7 of the driving member around the axis of the guide sleeve 1 and positioned on the periphery of the compound spring 4; referring to fig. 16, the U-shaped member 17 is formed by bending round steel, and circular holes matched with two side edges of the U-shaped member 17 are arranged at corresponding positions of the movable platen 7 of the driving member, where the U-shaped member 17 is arranged, the U-shaped member 17 is inserted into the circular holes, and the two are welded and fixed together;
four lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; four steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the four lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; four pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting bolt 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through an opposite U-shaped member 17 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 pass through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the positions, corresponding to steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorages 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, beside the fixed points of the pre-pressing steel wire ropes on the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, and the steel wire rope; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
The other embodiments other than the above-described embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
The working principle of the seismic isolation device for the earthquake resistance of the building in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the public can analyze the seismic isolation device by referring to the embodiment 1.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 17 to 21, this example is a damper for earthquake-resistant reinforcement of a building structure, the damper includes a guide sleeve 1, a first end cap 2 and a second end cap 3 are respectively fixed at two ends of the guide sleeve 1, a compound spring 4 is arranged inside the guide sleeve, and a driving member extends into the guide sleeve 1 from the center of the first end cap 2 at one end of the guide sleeve and presses on the compound spring 4; the driving component comprises a movable platen 7 and a first driving rod 18 connected with the movable platen, the end of the first driving rod 18 is provided with a connecting ring 18-1 in threaded butt joint with the first driving rod 18, the connecting ring 18-1 is provided with a hinge hole 19, and the movable platen 7 is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1. The outer diameter of the compound spring 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 1, and an annular space is formed between the compound spring and the guide sleeve.
Referring to fig. 17, a second driving rod 20 is integrally connected to the outside of the second end cap 3, and the end of the second driving rod 20 is provided with a hinge hole 19.
Referring to fig. 17-21, a back pressure device is arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the back pressure device is composed of six pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, six fixed pulleys 21 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, six lifting bolts 10 for fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, and six steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9. Wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the compound spring 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
six fixed pulleys 21 serving as steel wire rope turning elements symmetrically fix the lower surface of the movable platen 7 of the driving member around the axis of the guide sleeve 1, which is positioned on the periphery of the compound spring 4; wherein the fixed pulley 21 is hinged on a bracket which is welded on the movable platen 7 of the driving member;
six lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; six steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged at the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the six lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; six pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting ring screw 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through a fixed pulley 21 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the position, which is near the fixed point of the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 and corresponds to a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, and the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 is; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
The steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 in the scheme is completely the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the public can refer to the embodiment 1.
Referring to fig. 17, the damper for seismic reinforcement of a building structure according to the present embodiment operates as follows: when a dynamic load larger than the designed static load is relatively acted on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1, the movable platen 7 compresses the composite spring 4 downwards, and the hinge holes 19 on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 relatively move; when a dynamic load larger than a designed static load acts on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1 in a reverse direction, the prepressing steel wire rope 9 reversely lifts the floating back-pressure steel plate 11 through the fixed pulley 21 to compress the composite spring 4, and the hinge holes 19 on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 reversely move (at this time, the composite spring 4 is still in a pressed state). It can be seen that the axial dynamic load, whether acting on the damper opposite or away from the damper, can compress the compound spring 4 to cause it to elastically deform and consume energy.
Claims (5)
1. A composite spring damper with adjustable initial stiffness comprises a guide sleeve, wherein one end of the guide sleeve is provided with a first end cover, the other end of the guide sleeve is provided with a second end cover, and a spring is coaxially arranged inside the guide sleeve; a driving member extending into the guide sleeve from the center of the first end cap and acting on the spring; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a composite spring, the outer diameter of the composite spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the composite spring and the guide sleeve;
the guide sleeve is also internally provided with a back pressure device which comprises more than three pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning elements with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes and a floating back pressure steel plate, wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate is arranged between the composite spring and the second end cover;
the steel wire rope direction changing element is symmetrically fixed on the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve;
wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the self-centering locking clamp of second, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw sheets is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamp points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates out of the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw and the center hole of the plane bearing and the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw through the anti-torsion compression spring, under the tension action of the prepressing steel wire rope, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the prepressing steel wire ropes are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each prepressing steel wire rope is symmetrically fixed on the floating counter-pressure steel plate around the axis of the guide sleeve, the other end of each prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through an opposite steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the floating counter-pressure steel plate beside a fixed point of the prepressing steel wire rope on the floating counter-pressure steel plate, and a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device is fixed on the second end cover;
on the floating back pressure steel plate, a through hole for penetrating the pre-pressed steel wire rope is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressed steel wire rope, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressed steel wire rope;
the guide sleeve, the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate are in movable fit respectively;
and tensioning the pre-pressed steel wire rope to the tension required by setting the initial rigidity, so that the composite spring is always clamped between the driving member and the floating back pressure steel plate.
2. The adjustable initial stiffness composite spring damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable initial stiffness composite spring damper is a damper for seismic reinforcement of a building structure.
3. The adjustable initial stiffness compound spring damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable initial stiffness compound spring damper is a vertical seismic isolation device for building seismic resistance.
4. A composite spring damper of adjustable initial stiffness as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the wire rope redirecting element is a fixed pulley, eye screw or U-shaped member.
5. The composite spring damper with adjustable initial stiffness as claimed in claim 4, wherein the driving member has a positioning ring on a surface thereof opposite to the floating back pressure plate, and both ends of the composite spring are fitted into the positioning rings.
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| CN201610903553.7A CN106382322B (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | A kind of complex spring damper of adjustable initial stiffness |
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Denomination of invention: A composite spring damper with adjustable initial stiffness Granted publication date: 20190903 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Nanjing Jiangning branch Pledgor: NANJING DADE DAMPING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980036090 |