CN106567589A - Rubber damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness - Google Patents
Rubber damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness Download PDFInfo
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- CN106567589A CN106567589A CN201610905866.6A CN201610905866A CN106567589A CN 106567589 A CN106567589 A CN 106567589A CN 201610905866 A CN201610905866 A CN 201610905866A CN 106567589 A CN106567589 A CN 106567589A
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- steel plate
- sleeve
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/022—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising laminated structures of alternating elastomeric and rigid layers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/023—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising rolling elements, e.g. balls, pins
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rubber damper capable of adjusting the initial stiffness. The rubber damper is characterized in that a back pressure device is arranged in a guide sleeve; the back pressure device includes more than three pre-pressing steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning members having the same number with the pre-pressing steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors having the same number with the pre-pressing steel wire ropes, and a floating back pressure steel plate; the pre-pressing steel wire ropes are distributed in a circular space in a broken line manner; one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope is symmetrically fixed on the floating back pressure steel plate, around the axis of the guide sleeve; and the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope passes through a corresponding steel wire rope turning member, turns back, and then bypasses the floating back pressure steel plate from a fixing point, on the floating back pressure steel plate, of the pre-pressing steel wire ropes, and is anchored on a second end cover through the corresponding steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchor. The pre-pressing steel wire ropes is tensioned to a tension force desired by the initial stiffness, and a rubber shock insulation pad is clamped between a driving member and the floating back pressure steel plate all the time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration (or shock) preventing device for a building, in particular to a damping device containing a rubber shock insulation cushion.
Background
The rubber shock-isolating cushion is a shock-isolating device using rubber as a deformation element, and has the advantages of low cost, strong bearing capacity and low natural vibration frequency, so that the rubber shock-isolating cushion is widely applied to heavy-load occasions such as buildings, bridges and the like.
The strong bearing capacity of the rubber shock insulation cushion is mainly embodied on the compressive capacity, the tensile capacity is often poor, the rubber shock insulation cushion is easily torn under the action of higher tensile load, and the application of the rubber shock insulation cushion in the technical field of shock insulation is limited to a certain extent just due to the defect of weak tensile capacity.
The invention patent application with the publication number of CN101769015A discloses a 'laminated rubber shock-insulation support tensile mechanism', which comprises an upper connecting seat, a lower connecting seat and a laminated rubber shock-insulation support clamped between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat, wherein an 'L' -shaped upper counter-force arm is arranged on the upper connecting seat, an inverted 'L' -shaped lower counter-force arm is arranged on the lower connecting seat, and a laminated rubber shock-insulation support reversely clamped by the 'L' -shaped upper counter-force arm and the inverted 'L' -shaped lower counter-force arm is arranged between horizontal transverse edges of the two; when the tensile structure is pressed, the pressure is born by a shock insulation support clamped between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat; when the tensile structure is pulled, the pulling force is converted into the pressure of the shock insulation support clamped between the L-shaped upper reaction force arm and the inverted L-shaped lower reaction force arm in the opposite direction; this, while providing the structure with tensile capability, has the following disadvantages: (1) different shock insulation supports bear bidirectional loads respectively, so that at least two laminated rubber shock insulation supports are needed, the cost is higher, and the volume of a shock-proof structure is increased; (2) when one shock insulation support is pressed, one shock insulation support is necessarily pulled, and the pulled shock insulation support has tearing risk; (3) the characteristics of the two shock insulation supports are difficult to ensure to be the same in the process, so that the shock insulation effects are different in the stress direction.
People pursue a comprehensive anti-seismic performance combining 'resistance' and 'consumption' for the design of an anti-seismic structure, particularly an anti-seismic structure of a high-rise building, namely the anti-seismic structure can provide extra additional rigidity for a building main body to resist the external load under the action of weak wind vibration and small earthquake, the integrity of the main body structure is kept, and the internal damage of the structure main body is avoided; the anti-seismic structure begins to yield and deform under the action of strong wind vibration and a large earthquake, and external energy is dissipated through the damping effect of the damper in the anti-seismic structure, so that the main body of the structure is not seriously damaged or even collapsed in the strong wind vibration and the large earthquake. The requirement is that the anti-seismic structure can keep rigidity and does not deform under the action of external weak load; the energy can be dissipated by deformation under the action of external strong load. The existing rubber shock insulation cushion obviously does not have the characteristics.
Publication No. isCN101457553AThe invention discloses a tuned mass damper with adjustable spring stiffness, which is a composite damper, the characteristic frequency of the damper is changed by changing the thickness of a mass block, the damping ratio of the damper is changed by changing the flow of a working medium of a viscous damper, and the stiffness of the damper is changed by changing the effective working length of a spring, wherein three means are adopted for changing the effective working length of the spring, one section of the spring positioned in a curing cylinder is cured by adopting a curing material, a constraint block is plugged into the center of a spiral spring and is in interference fit with the spring, so that one section of the spring contacted with the constraint block fails, and the other three means are adoptedThe spiral protrusion is arranged on the surface of the restraint block and clamped between the spring wires, so that a section of the spring clamped with the spiral protrusion between the spring wires is invalid. The deformation element of the rubber shock insulation pad is rubber, so the three measures for changing the effective working length of the spring are obviously not suitable for the rubber shock insulation pad; in addition, the damping shock absorber in the form not only obviously shortens the effective working length of the spring, but also can only compress energy consumption and damp and cannot stretch the energy consumption and damp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rubber damper capable of adjusting initial rigidity, which not only keeps the effective working length of a rubber shock insulation cushion, but also can compress and stretch energy dissipation and vibration reduction.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a rubber damper with adjustable initial stiffness comprises a guide sleeve, wherein one end of the guide sleeve is provided with a first end cover, the other end of the guide sleeve is provided with a second end cover, and a spring is coaxially arranged inside the guide sleeve; a driving member extending into the guide sleeve from the center of the first end cap and acting on the spring; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a rubber shock insulation pad, the outer diameter of the rubber shock insulation pad is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the rubber shock insulation pad and the guide sleeve;
the guide sleeve is internally provided with a back pressure device which comprises more than three pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning elements with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes and a floating back pressure steel plate, wherein,
the floating counter-pressure steel plate is arranged between the rubber shock insulation pad and the second end cover;
the steel wire rope direction changing element is symmetrically fixed on the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve;
wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the self-centering locking clamp of second, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw sheets is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamp points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates out of the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw and the center hole of the plane bearing and the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw through the anti-torsion compression spring, under the tension action of the prepressing steel wire rope, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the prepressing steel wire ropes are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each prepressing steel wire rope is symmetrically fixed on the floating counter-pressure steel plate around the axis of the guide sleeve, the other end of each prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the opposite steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the floating counter-pressure steel plate beside the fixed point of the prepressing steel wire rope on the floating counter-pressure steel plate, and the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device is anchored on the second end cover;
on the floating back pressure steel plate, a through hole for penetrating the pre-pressed steel wire rope is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressed steel wire rope, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressed steel wire rope;
the guide sleeve, the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate are in movable fit respectively;
and tensioning the pre-pressed steel wire rope to the tension required by setting the initial rigidity, so that the rubber shock insulation pad is always clamped between the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate.
The working principle of the rubber shock-insulation cushion damper is as follows: when the dynamic load is relatively acted along the axis of the guide sleeve, the driving member compresses the rubber shock insulation pad downwards; when the dynamic load acts along the axis of the guide sleeve in the opposite direction, the prepressing steel wire rope reversely lifts the floating counter-pressure steel plate compression rubber shock isolation cushion through the steel wire rope turning element. Therefore, the axial dynamic load can compress the rubber shock insulation pad no matter oppositely or reversely acting on the rubber shock insulation pad damper, so that the rubber shock insulation pad can generate elastic deformation to consume energy.
According to the working principle, the prepressing steel wire rope and the hole wall of the through hole in the floating back pressure steel plate cannot generate friction in the working process, otherwise, the up-and-down movement of the floating back pressure steel plate is interfered, so that the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the prepressing steel wire rope, and the up-and-down movement of the floating back pressure steel plate is preferably not interfered and influenced.
In the above scheme, the wire rope direction changing element is a common fixed pulley or a hoisting ring-shaped member with a direction changing function similar to that of the common fixed pulley, such as a hoisting ring screw, a U-shaped member and the like.
According to the rubber damper capable of adjusting initial rigidity, one end of the prepressing steel wire rope fixed on the floating back pressure steel plate can be fixed by welding, and can also be fastened and fixed by similar lifting ring screws.
In order to prevent the two ends of the rubber shock-insulation pad from sliding on the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate, the invention has another improvement scheme that: and two ends of the rubber shock insulation pad are respectively embedded in the positioning rings.
The rubber shock-insulation cushion damper can be widely applied to the fields of machinery and buildings, such as isolation of internal vibration of mechanical equipment, shock insulation of equipment foundations, shock-proof reinforcement of building structures, shock resistance of large buildings and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity has the following effects:
(1) external force is applied along the axis, and the rubber shock insulation cushion can generate elastic compression deformation and consume energy no matter the external force is pressure or tension;
(2) when the dynamic load is larger than the resisting capacity of the preset initial rigidity of the damper, the damper is symmetrical in two-way elastic deformation, so that the compression deformation energy consumption effect of the damper is not influenced by the change of the positive direction and the negative direction of the external load, and a convenient condition is provided for the reinforcement design of the building structure such as wind load resistance;
(3) the initial rigidity of the whole damper can be changed by only changing the length of the steel wire rope, and the damper cannot be deformed by external force before the initial rigidity is overcome, so that when the damper is used for shock insulation of buildings, the seismic intensity can be preset, and the shock insulation cost is obviously reduced;
(4) only one rubber shock-insulation cushion can be used for realizing two working states of stretching and compressing, and the length of the damper is obviously shortened.
(5) The initial rigidity of the damper can be preset by presetting the length of the prepressing steel wire rope, and the effective working length of the rubber shock insulation pad is unchanged, so that the original characteristic parameters of the rubber shock insulation pad cannot be changed.
(6) Adopt wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle to fix one end of pre-compaction wire rope on the second end cap, firstly can adjust the length of pre-compaction wire rope, guarantee all pre-compaction wire rope's tension balance, secondly utilizes the combined action of preventing turning round compression spring and first self-centering locking clamp, can prevent effectively that pre-compaction wire rope from carrying out the wrench movement of length adjustment's in-process and changing the characteristic parameter of steel wire cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 6 are schematic structural views of an embodiment of a damper according to the present invention, in which fig. 1 is a front view (C-C rotation section of fig. 3), fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a (pre-stressed steel wire rope omitted) of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a sectional view B-B (pre-stressed steel wire rope omitted) of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a bottom view, fig. 5 is an enlarged structural view of a part i of fig. 1, and fig. 6 is an enlarged structural view of a part ii of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 to 11 are schematic structural views of the self-locking tensioning anchor of the steel wire rope in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 6, wherein fig. 7 is a front view (sectional view), a broken line in the drawings indicates a pre-stressed steel wire rope, fig. 8 is a bottom view, fig. 9 is a sectional view of D-D of fig. 7, fig. 10 is a sectional view of E-E of fig. 7, and fig. 11 is a sectional view of F-F of fig. 7.
Fig. 12 to 16 are schematic structural views of a damper according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 12 is a front view (cross section), fig. 13 is a G-G cross section (without pre-pressing wire rope) of fig. 12, fig. 14 is an H-H cross section (without pre-pressing wire rope) of fig. 12, fig. 15 is a bottom view, and fig. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view I-I of fig. 13.
Fig. 17 to 21 are schematic structural views of a damper according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 17 is a front view (cross section), fig. 18 is a J-J cross section (with the pre-stressed wire rope omitted) of fig. 17, fig. 19 is a K-K cross section (with the pre-stressed wire rope omitted) of fig. 17, fig. 20 is a bottom view, and fig. 21 is an enlarged structural view of a part iii of fig. 17.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the damper in this embodiment is a vertical seismic isolation device (also called vertical seismic isolation support) for earthquake resistance of a building, and includes a guide sleeve 1, a first end cover 2, a second end cover 3, a rubber seismic isolation pad 4, and a back pressure device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the guide sleeve 1 is in a circular tube shape, and two ends of the guide sleeve extend outwards in the radial direction to form flange plates 5. The first end cover 2 is connected with a flange plate 5 at the upper end of the guide sleeve 1, and a guide hole is formed in the center of the first end cover; the middle part of the second end cover 3 is upwards bulged to form an inverted basin shape, the peripheral edge is provided with a mounting hole 6, and the guide sleeve 1 is fixed on the upper surface of the bulged middle part through a flange 5 arranged at the lower end.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the driving member consists of a movable platen 7 and an upper connecting plate 8, wherein the edge of the upper connecting plate 8 is provided with a mounting hole 6, and the middle part of the upper connecting plate is recessed to form a driving rod 8-1 in a shape of a tea cup; the driving rod 8-1 extends into the guide sleeve 1 through a guide hole arranged on the first end cover 2 and is fixed with the movable platen 7 through a screw, wherein the movable platen 7 is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the rubber shock insulation pad 4 is composed of a cylindrical solid rubber block 4-1 and two end plates 4-2 arranged at two ends of the solid rubber block, wherein the two end plates 4-2 are respectively connected with two ends of the solid rubber block 4-1 in a vulcanization mode. The rubber shock insulation pad 4 is coaxially arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and a movable platen 7 in the driving member acts on the upper end surface of the guide sleeve. The outer diameter of the rubber shock insulation pad 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 1, and an annular space is formed between the rubber shock insulation pad and the guide sleeve.
Referring to fig. 1, a gap 14 larger than the amplitude is provided between the upper connecting plate 8 and the first end cap 2; in order to avoid that during vibration a collision occurs between the movable platen 7 of the driving member and the first end cap 2, a collision avoidance gap 13 is provided between the movable platen 7 and the first end cap 2.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the back pressure device is arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the specific scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-6, the back pressure device comprises three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, three lifting ring screws 10 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, three lifting ring screws 10 fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 and three steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16. Wherein,
the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the rubber shock insulation pad 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
and the three lifting ring screws 10 serving as steel wire rope turning elements are symmetrically fixed on the lower surface of the periphery of the rubber shock insulation pad 4 on the movable platen 7 of the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve 1.
Referring to fig. 7-11, each steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchor 16 is composed of a first self-centering locking clamp, a second self-centering locking clamp, an anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 and a planar bearing 16-2, wherein:
the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat 16-3, the edge of the connecting seat 16-3 is provided with a mounting hole 16-12, the middle part of the lower end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss 16-4, the inside of the boss 16-4 is provided with a first taper hole 16-5 along the axial lead, the taper hole is internally provided with a first tapered clamping jaw 16-7 consisting of 3 claw pieces, the peripheral surface of the boss 16-4 is sleeved with a tensioning screw sleeve 16-6, and the first tapered clamping jaw are in threaded connection; the small end of the first tapered clamp 16-7 points to the connecting seat 16-3, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve 16-8, and a section of second taper hole 16-13 and a section of threaded hole are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve 16-8 along the axis; the second taper clamping jaw 16-9 consisting of 3 jaw pieces is arranged in the second taper hole 16-13, the threaded hole is internally provided with a hollow bolt 16-10, the head of the hollow bolt 16-10 is opposite to the big end of the second taper clamping jaw 16-9, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve 16-8 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the plane bearing 16-2 is composed of a ball-retainer assembly 16-11 and annular raceways which are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 opposite to the taper sleeve 16-8, wherein the annular raceways are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly 16-11;
the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw 16-9 and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw 16-7 are in the same direction; the plane bearing 16-2 is positioned between the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6 and the taper sleeve 16-8, and the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning screw sleeve 16-6. After the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 penetrates out from the space between the claws of the first conical clamping jaw 16-7 through the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1, the center hole of the plane bearing 16-2 and the claws of the second conical clamping jaw 16-9, under the action of the tension of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring 16-1 acts on the first conical clamping jaw 16-7, and the other end acts on the taper sleeve 16-8.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the connecting seat 16-3 of the steel wire self-locking tensioning anchor 16 is fixed on the lower surface of the raised middle part of the second end cover 3 by a screw, and the distance from the lower surface of the raised middle part of the second end cover 3 to the bottom surface of the second end cover 3 is greater than the height of the steel wire self-locking tensioning anchor 16.
Referring to fig. 1-6, three lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; three steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged at the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the three lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; three pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting ring screw 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through an opposite lifting ring screw 10 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, and then the pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 pass through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the positions, corresponding to steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorages 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, beside the fixed points on the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, and are anchored on the second end cover 3 by the; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
Referring to fig. 1-6, positioning rings 15 with the inner diameter matched with the outer diameter of the end plate 4-2 of the rubber shock-insulation pad 4 are arranged on the surfaces of the movable platen 7 opposite to the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, and the end plates 4-2 at the two ends of the rubber shock-insulation pad 4 are respectively embedded in the positioning rings 15 on the movable platen 7 and the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6 in combination with fig. 7 to 11, in order to achieve the purpose of presetting the initial stiffness, the installation and tensioning methods of the three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 are as follows: (1) firstly, calculating the tension of the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 meeting the initial stiffness of the damper according to the initial stiffness preset by the damper and the characteristic parameters of the disc spring group 4; (2) assembling the damper according to the figure 1, and enabling each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 to penetrate out of central holes of a first conical clamping jaw 15-7, a second conical clamping jaw 15-9 and a hollow bolt 15-10 of a corresponding steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage 15; then, (3) tying the rope head of the exposed prepressing steel wire rope 9 on a traction tensioning machine, and monitoring the tension of the prepressing steel wire rope 9 by adopting a tension detector while traction tensioning; when the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tensioned to the tension required by the preset initial rigidity, moving a second self-centering locking clamp forwards, adjusting and screwing a tensioning screw sleeve 15-6 simultaneously, so that a plane bearing 15-2 is tightly clamped between the tensioning screw sleeve 15-6 and a taper sleeve 15-8, an anti-twisting compression spring 15-1 is compressed, the generated tension pushes a first tapered clamping jaw 15-7 to move forwards to clamp the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and then screwing a hollow bolt 15-10 to clamp the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 in the second tapered clamping jaw 15-9; and finally, removing the traction tensioning machine, cutting off the redundant prepressing steel wire rope 9, and clamping the disc spring group 4 between the movable pressing plate 7 and the floating back pressure steel plate 11 all the time.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7-11, in the construction process or daily maintenance process of installing the damper, if the tension of a certain pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is found to be insufficient, a tensioning threaded sleeve 15-6 in a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 15 can be screwed for adjustment.
Referring to fig. 1-3, because the damper is a vertical shock isolation device in this embodiment, when the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is tensioned, the sum of the tensions of the three pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 is equal to the static load borne by the damper, so that the two-way elastic deformation symmetry of the damper can be ensured.
Under ideal conditions, when the vertical waves of an earthquake are transmitted to a building through the shock isolation device, the building should not be displaced. Based on the above, the working principle of the earthquake-proof shock isolation device for buildings in the embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, when the dynamic load generated by the vertical wave of the earthquake overcomes the initial rigidity of the damper, if the dynamic load pushes up the second end cap 3 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1, the reaction force of the movable platen 5 compresses the rubber vibration-isolating pad 4 downward, and the second end cap 3 moves upward along with the ground without the movement of the building; if the second end cover 3 is pulled down along the axis of the guide sleeve 1 by the dynamic load, the prepressing steel wire rope 9 reversely lifts the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 through the lifting bolt 10 serving as a steel wire rope direction changing element to compress the rubber shock insulation pad 4 upwards, and the second end cover 3 moves downwards along with the ground, but the building still does not move. Therefore, when the ground vibrates up and down due to the longitudinal seismic waves, the rubber shock insulation cushion can be compressed to generate elastic deformation so as to consume energy.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 12 to 16, the damper in this embodiment is also a vertical seismic isolation device for earthquake resistance of a building, and is mainly improved on the basis of example 1 in the following points: (1) increasing the number of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 from three to four; (2) replacing the lifting bolt 10 as a steel wire rope turning element with a U-shaped member 17; (3) increasing the number of the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the prepressing steel wire rope 9 to four; (4) the counter-pressure device is correspondingly changed to:
the back pressure device consists of four pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, four U-shaped members 17 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, four lifting ring screws 10 for fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 and four steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9; wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the rubber shock insulation pad 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
four U-shaped components 17 which are used as steel wire rope turning elements are symmetrically fixed on the lower surface of the periphery of the rubber shock insulation pad 4 on the movable platen 7 of the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; referring to fig. 16, the U-shaped member 17 is formed by bending round steel, and circular holes matched with two side edges of the U-shaped member 17 are arranged at corresponding positions of the movable platen 7 of the driving member, where the U-shaped member 17 is arranged, the U-shaped member 17 is inserted into the circular holes, and the two are welded and fixed together;
four lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; four steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the four lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; four pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting bolt 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through an opposite U-shaped member 17 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 pass through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the positions, corresponding to steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorages 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, beside the fixed points of the pre-pressing steel wire ropes on the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, and the steel wire rope; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
Referring to fig. 12, in order to increase the bearing capacity of the rubber shock-insulating pad 4 and prevent the rubber shock-insulating pad 4 from being unstable in the horizontal direction due to the overlarge axial length, the rubber shock-insulating pad 4 in the embodiment is formed by alternately laminating and vulcanizing three layers of solid rubber blocks 4-1 and two layers of thin steel plates 4-3 to form an elastic body, and end plates 4-2 are arranged at two ends of the elastic body.
The other embodiments other than the above-described embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
The working principle of the seismic isolation device for the earthquake resistance of the building in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the public can analyze the seismic isolation device by referring to the embodiment 1.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 17 to 21, the damper for seismic strengthening of a building structure in this embodiment includes a guide sleeve 1, a first end cap 2 and a second end cap 3 are respectively fixed at two ends of the guide sleeve 1, a rubber shock-proof pad 4 is arranged inside the guide sleeve, and a driving member extends into the guide sleeve 1 from the center of the first end cap 2 at one end of the guide sleeve and is pressed on the rubber shock-proof pad 4; the driving component comprises a movable platen 7 and a first driving rod 18 connected with the movable platen, the end of the first driving rod 18 is provided with a connecting ring 18-1 in threaded butt joint with the first driving rod 18, the connecting ring 18-1 is provided with a hinge hole 19, and the movable platen 7 is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1. The outer diameter of the rubber shock insulation pad 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 1, and an annular space is formed between the rubber shock insulation pad and the guide sleeve.
Referring to fig. 17, a second driving rod 20 is integrally connected to the outside of the second end cap 3, and the end of the second driving rod 20 is provided with a hinge hole 19.
Referring to fig. 17, the rubber shock-insulation pad 4 is formed by alternately superposing, vulcanizing and connecting five solid rubber blocks 4-1 and four thin steel plates 4-3 to form an elastic body, and end plates 4-2 are arranged at two ends of the elastic body.
Referring to fig. 17-21, a back pressure device is arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the back pressure device is composed of six pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, six fixed pulleys 21 serving as steel wire rope turning elements, a floating back pressure steel plate 11, six lifting bolts 10 for fixing one end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9, and six steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 for fixing the other end of the pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9. Wherein,
the floating back pressure steel plate 11 is arranged between the rubber shock insulation pad 4 and the second end cover 3 and is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1;
six fixed pulleys 21 serving as steel wire rope turning elements symmetrically fix the lower surfaces, positioned on the periphery of the rubber shock insulation pad 4, of the movable pressing plates 7 of the driving member around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; wherein the fixed pulley 21 is hinged on a bracket which is welded on the movable platen 7 of the driving member;
six lifting ring screws 10 are symmetrically arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11 around the axis of the guide sleeve 1; six steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors 16 are correspondingly arranged at the outer side of the second end cover 3 beside the opposite positions of the six lifting ring screws 10 arranged on the floating back pressure steel plate 11; six pre-pressing steel wire ropes 9 are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is tied and fixed on a lifting ring screw 10 arranged on a floating counter-pressure steel plate 11, the other end of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through a fixed pulley 21 serving as a steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 passes through the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 from the position, which is near the fixed point of the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 and corresponds to a steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 arranged on the second end cover 3, and the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 is; on the floating back pressure steel plate 11, a through hole 12 penetrating through the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9 is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressing steel wire rope 9, and the aperture of the through hole 12 is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressing steel wire rope 9; and an anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 is formed in the position, through which each pre-pressed steel wire rope 9 passes, of the second end cover 3.
The steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device 16 in the scheme is completely the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the public can refer to the embodiment 1.
Referring to fig. 17, the damper for seismic reinforcement of a building structure according to the present embodiment operates as follows: when a dynamic load larger than the designed static load is relatively acted on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1, the movable pressing plate 7 compresses the rubber vibration isolation cushion 4 downwards, and the hinge holes 19 on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 relatively move; when a dynamic load larger than a designed static load acts on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1 in a reverse direction, the prepressing steel wire rope 9 reversely lifts the floating counter-pressure steel plate 11 through the fixed pulley 21 to compress the rubber shock-insulation pad 4, and the hinge holes 19 on the first driving rod 18 and the second driving rod 20 reversely move (at this time, the rubber shock-insulation pad 4 is still in a pressed state). Therefore, the rubber shock insulation cushion 4 can be compressed by the axial dynamic load acting on the damper in an opposite or reverse mode, and the rubber shock insulation cushion generates elastic deformation to consume energy.
Claims (5)
1. A rubber damper with adjustable initial stiffness comprises a guide sleeve, wherein one end of the guide sleeve is provided with a first end cover, the other end of the guide sleeve is provided with a second end cover, and a spring is coaxially arranged inside the guide sleeve; a driving member extending into the guide sleeve from the center of the first end cap and acting on the spring; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a rubber shock insulation pad, the outer diameter of the rubber shock insulation pad is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the rubber shock insulation pad and the guide sleeve;
the guide sleeve is internally provided with a back pressure device which comprises more than three pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope turning elements with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes, steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchors with the same number as the pre-pressed steel wire ropes and a floating back pressure steel plate, wherein,
the floating counter-pressure steel plate is arranged between the rubber shock insulation pad and the second end cover;
the steel wire rope direction changing element is symmetrically fixed on the driving component around the axis of the guide sleeve;
wire rope auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the self-centering locking clamp of second, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw sheets is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamp points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates out of the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw and the center hole of the plane bearing and the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw through the anti-torsion compression spring, under the tension action of the prepressing steel wire rope, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the prepressing steel wire ropes are distributed in the annular space in a broken line state, one end of each prepressing steel wire rope is symmetrically fixed on the floating counter-pressure steel plate around the axis of the guide sleeve, the other end of each prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the opposite steel wire rope turning element and then turns back, then the prepressing steel wire rope penetrates through the floating counter-pressure steel plate beside the fixed point of the prepressing steel wire rope on the floating counter-pressure steel plate, and the steel wire rope self-locking tensioning anchorage device is anchored on the second end cover;
on the floating back pressure steel plate, a through hole for penetrating the pre-pressed steel wire rope is arranged at the penetrating position of each pre-pressed steel wire rope, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the pre-pressed steel wire rope;
the guide sleeve, the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate are in movable fit respectively;
and tensioning the pre-pressed steel wire rope to the tension required by setting the initial rigidity, so that the rubber shock insulation pad is always clamped between the driving member and the floating counter-pressure steel plate.
2. The rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity according to claim 1, wherein the rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity is a damper for earthquake-proof reinforcement of building structures.
3. The rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity is a vertical seismic isolation device for building seismic resistance.
4. A rubber damper of adjustable initial stiffness as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the wire rope direction changing element is a fixed pulley, an eye screw or a U-shaped member.
5. The rubber damper with adjustable initial rigidity according to claim 4, wherein the driving member is provided with a positioning ring on the surface opposite to the floating counter-pressure steel plate, and the two ends of the rubber shock-isolating pad are embedded in the positioning rings respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610905866.6A CN106567589A (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Rubber damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610905866.6A CN106567589A (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Rubber damper capable of adjusting initial stiffness |
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| CN106567589A true CN106567589A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
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| CN114382192A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-22 | 北京科技大学 | A relay type shape memory alloy wire damper and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115289158A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-11-04 | 中国空间技术研究院 | A metal vibration isolation device with adjustable stiffness |
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Application publication date: 20170419 |