CN106369116B - 混合动力变速器 - Google Patents

混合动力变速器 Download PDF

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CN106369116B
CN106369116B CN201610591169.8A CN201610591169A CN106369116B CN 106369116 B CN106369116 B CN 106369116B CN 201610591169 A CN201610591169 A CN 201610591169A CN 106369116 B CN106369116 B CN 106369116B
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CN106369116A (zh
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戴维·艾伦·贾森
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2003/442—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion comprising two or more sets of orbital gears arranged in a single plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2057/02034—Gearboxes combined or connected with electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2033—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with one engaging means
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    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
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Abstract

公开了一种混合动力变速器。一组混合动力电动变速器布置共用相同的中央壳体、后壳体、两个电机、功率分流行星齿轮组以及扭矩倍增齿轮组。一种布置另外利用超速齿轮组和超速离合器。另一种传动装置还利用两个离合器和制动器来实现三种操作模式。由于这两种传动装置之间不同的组件使用大致相同的封装空间并且所有换挡元件都经由前壳体而被液压控制，因此前壳体的设计也是类似的。

Description

混合动力变速器
技术领域
本公开涉及用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器的领域。更具体地，本公开涉及混合动力电动变速器中的部件的结构和支撑。
背景技术
许多车辆在包括向前和倒车运动的宽车速范围内使用。然而，大多数类型的内燃发动机仅能够在窄转速范围内有效地运转。因此，能够以不同传动比有效地传递功率的变速器被频繁地使用。当车辆处于低速时，变速器通常在高传动比下操作，使得发动机扭矩倍增以提高加速度。当处于高车速时，变速器在低传动比下操作，以允许与安静、省油的巡航相关联的发动机转速。
为了减少燃料消耗，一些变速器被设计为除了利用在内燃发动机中燃烧的液体燃料以外还利用大量的储存能量。最常见的能量储存采取电池的形式。变速器使用一个或多个可逆电机(比如同步电机或感应电机)将功率转移到电池并利用来自电池的功率。使用传统的液体燃料且还包括电储存的车辆被称为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。当车辆包括从外部电源为电池充电的功能时，该车辆被称为插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。
一种混合动力变速器配置是功率分流式混合动力变速器配置。功率分流式混合动力变速器配置包括两个电机。虽然两者都是可逆电机，但其中一个电机通常被称为发电机而另一个通常被称为马达。行星齿轮组将来自内燃发动机的功率在发电机和变速器输出之间进行分配。马达驱动变速器输出。当内燃发动机关闭时，马达可使用储存在电池中的能量推进车辆。在制动期间，马达可将车辆动能转换为储存在电池中的电能以备后用。在一些操作模式中，行星齿轮组通过机械功率流动路径将来自发动机的功率的一部分传递到输出，并且将剩余的功率传递到将其转换为电功率的发电机。电功率可储存在电池中供以后使用，可通过机械功率流动路径传递到马达以补充所传递的功率，或者是两者的某种组合。在其他操作模式中，通常与高车速相关，行星齿轮组可从发电机汲取功率并经由机械功率流动路径将来自发电机和内燃发动机二者的功率传递到输出。在这些模式下，驱动发电机的电能可从电池、马达或者二者的某种组合得到。由于功率通过机械功率流动路径、马达和发电机再循环，在这些操作模式下的效率倾向于较低。
发明内容
一种变速器包括输出、第一电机以及第一行星齿轮组。输出被支撑在中央壳体的前侧而第一电机的定子固定到中央壳体，第一电机的转子被支撑在中央壳体的后侧。第一行星齿轮的中心齿轮固定地连接到第一电机的转子，第一行星齿轮的行星架固定地连接到输出，第一行星齿轮组的环形齿轮固定地保持不旋转。第一行星齿轮组可位于输出的前侧。后壳体可支撑第二电机的转子。第一电机的转子和第二电机的转子可绕相同的轴线旋转。第二行星齿轮组可轴向地位于第一转子和第二转子之间，并径向地位于第一定子和第二定子的内侧。第二行星齿轮组的中心齿轮可固定地连接到第二电机的转子。第二行星齿轮组的行星架可固定地连接到输入。第二行星齿轮组的环形齿轮可固定地连接到中间轴。前壳体可支撑输入轴并将增压的流体输送到至少一个液压致动的离合器。一个实施例包括第三行星齿轮组，第三行星齿轮组具有连接到前壳体的中心齿轮、连接到输入的行星架以及连接到输出的环形齿轮。行星齿轮组元件中的两个行星齿轮组元件可固定地连接，而第三个行星齿轮组元件由液压致动的摩擦离合器选择性地连接。在另一实施例中，一个摩擦离合器选择性地将中间轴连接到输出，另一摩擦离合器选择性地将中间轴连接到第一行星齿轮组的中心齿轮，摩擦制动器选择性地保持中间轴不旋转。
根据本发明，一种变速器包括：中央壳体，支撑第一转子；第一行星齿轮组，具有固定地连接到第一转子的第一中心齿轮，固定地连接到输出的第一行星架和固定地保持不旋转的第一环形齿轮；后壳体，支撑第二转子；以及第二行星齿轮组，具有固定地连接到第二转子的第二中心齿轮，固定地连接到输入的第二行星架和第二环形齿轮。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二环形齿轮固定地连接到输出。
根据本发明的一个实施例，变速器还包括：第三行星齿轮组，具有固定地保持不旋转的第三中心齿轮、固定地连接到输入的第三行星架和第三环形齿轮；离合器，被构造为响应于流体增压而选择性地将第三环形齿轮连接到输出；以及前壳体，限定通道以将来自阀体的流体引导到离合器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，变速器还包括：第一离合器，被构造为响应于流体增压而选择性地将第二环形齿轮连接到输出；第二离合器，被构造为响应于流体增压而选择性地将第二环形齿轮连接到第一中心齿轮；制动器，被构造为响应于流体增压而选择性地使第二环形齿轮保持不旋转；以及前壳体，限定有三个通道以将来自阀体的流体引导到第一离合器、第二离合器和制动器。
根据本发明，一种变速器包括：中央壳体，支撑位于后侧的第一转子和位于前侧的输出；第一行星齿轮组，具有固定地连接到第一转子的第一中心齿轮、固定地连接到输出的第一行星架和固定地保持不旋转的第一环形齿轮；第二行星齿轮组，具有固定地保持不旋转的第二中心齿轮、固定地连接到输入的第二行星架以及第二环形齿轮；离合器，被构造为响应于流体增压而选择性地将第二环形齿轮连接到输出；以及前壳体，限定通道以将来自阀体的流体引导到离合器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，变速器还包括：后壳体，支撑第二转子；以及第三行星齿轮组，具有固定地连接到第二转子的第三中心齿轮、固定地连接到输入的第三行星架和固定地连接到输出的第三环形齿轮。
附图说明
图1是第一混合动力电动变速器布置的示意图。
图2是图1的混合动力电动变速器布置的后部的截面图。
图3是图1的混合动力电动变速器布置的前部的截面图。
图4是第二混合动力电动变速器布置的示意图。
图5是图4的混合动力电动变速器布置的前部的截面图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应理解公开的实施例仅为示例，其它实施例可以采用各种和替代的形式。附图无需按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以显示特定部件的细节。所以，在此所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应解释为限制，而仅为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域内的技术人员将理解的，参考任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以形成未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可以期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
如果两个元件直接固定在一起而没有中间部件，则这两个元件彼此固定。所述两个元件可通过花键连接、焊接、压装、由同一固体加工、螺栓或其它方式固定。如果一组元件在所有工况下被约束为以相同的转速绕同一轴线旋转或不旋转，那么它们被固定地彼此连接。元件可经由中间部件固定地连接。在固定连接的元件之间可发生旋转位移的轻微变化，比如由于冲击或轴柔度引起的位移。与此相反，每当离合器完全接合时，离合器约束两个元件以相同的转速绕同一轴线旋转或不旋转，并且在至少一些其它工况下，这两个元件以不同的转速自由旋转，那么这两个元件通过离合器选择性地连接。通过将元件选择性地连接到静止的壳体而保持元件不旋转的离合器可被称为制动器。如果一组元件被固定地连接或者选择性地连接，那么它们被连接。
图1示意性地示出了第一功率分流式混合动力电动变速器。输入10由内燃发动机驱动。输出12经由位于偏移轴线上的差速器驱动车辆的车轮。功率可以从输出12通过链及链轮或通过轴线分动齿轮装置而传递到差速器。马达14包括固定的定子16和转子18。定子16通过安装到车辆结构的变速器外壳20保持不旋转。齿轮组22包括固定地连接到转子18的中心齿轮24、固定地保持不旋转的环形齿轮26、固定地连接到输出12的行星架28以及被支撑以相对于行星架28旋转并且与中心齿轮24和环形齿轮26二者啮合的一组行星齿轮30。发电机32包括定子34和转子36。简单行星齿轮组38包括固定地连接到转子36的中心齿轮40、固定地连接到中间轴44的环形齿轮42、固定地连接到输入10的行星架46以及被支撑以相对于行星架46旋转并与中心齿轮40和环形齿轮42二者啮合的一组行星齿轮48。中间轴44经由行星架28固定地连接到输出12。
马达14经由提供倍增扭矩的行星齿轮组22驱动输出12。当内燃发动机关闭时，马达14可使用储存在电池中的能量推进车辆。在制动期间，马达14可将车辆的动能转换为储存在电池中的电能。行星齿轮组38将来自输入10的功率在发电机32和输出12之间进行分配。行星齿轮组38还在转子36、输入10和中间轴44之间建立转速关系。控制器可通过调节到定子34的电流而调节转子36的转速。通过调节转子36的转速，控制器可使输入10和输出12之间的传动比改变为下限和上限之间的任何所期望的值。在转子36与输入10沿相同的方向旋转的一些操作模式下，行星齿轮组38将输入功率的一部分传递到输出12并将剩余的功率传递到发电机32，该发电机32将剩余的功率转换为电功率。电功率可储存在电池中供以后使用、传递到马达14以推进车辆或二者的一些组合。在转子36和输入10沿相反的方向旋转的其它操作模式下，行星齿轮组38可从发电机32汲取功率并将来自发电机32和输入10的功率传递到输出12。在这些模式中，驱动发电机32的电能可汲取自电池、马达14或二者的一些组合。
图1的混合电动变速器还提供了固定的超速操作模式。简单行星齿轮组50包括固定地保持不旋转的中心齿轮52、环形齿轮54、固定地连接到输入10的行星架56以及被支撑以相对于行星架56旋转且与中心齿轮52和环形齿轮54两者啮合的一组行星齿轮58。离合器60通过行星架28将环形齿轮54选择性地连接到输出12。当离合器60接合时，输出12被约束为以输入10的转速的固定倍数旋转。功率可经由齿轮组50和离合器60从输入10传递到输出12而不使用发电机32或马达14。这种直接的机械功率传递比将功率的一部分在一个电机中转换为电形式并且然后在另一电机中转换回机械形式更为有效。虽然由于发动机速度没有被优化所以发动机的效率可能稍低，但是在许多情况中通过使用固定传动比的操作模式，总效率得以提高。当在该固定传动比模式下操作时，发电机32和/或马达14可用于增加功率以改善性能或将一些功率转移到电池中以备后用。
图2示出了根据图1示意性示出的布置的变速器的后部的截面图。后侧是指与变速器的输入轴延伸通过的端部相对的一侧。前部是指朝向输入延伸通过的端部的一侧。中央壳体62支撑多个部件。壳体是变速器结构的单独的一部分。通常，壳体通过将金属铸造或锻造成接近最终所期望的形状的形状而形成，但是在某些区域具有一些额外的材料。然后，采用更精准的机加工类型将关键区域的多余材料去除，以生产对于关键尺寸来说部件之间的差异(part-to-part variation)较小的成品壳体。变速器外壳可包括利用可拆卸的紧固件(比如螺栓)紧固在一起的多个壳体。这使得壳体更容易生产并且允许将部件装配到如果变速器外壳以单个部件形式制造时将难以接近的那些区域。输出12在中央壳体62的前侧由中央壳体62支撑以旋转。输出12可以是与链条64啮合以将功率传递到另一个轴线上的差速器总成的链轮。定子16在中央壳体62的后侧上固定到中央壳体62。马达轴66由中央壳体62支撑以旋转并且从中央壳体62的前侧延伸到后侧。转子18在中央壳体62的后侧焊接到转子轴66，同时中心齿轮24在中央壳体62的前侧上花键连接到转子轴66。
后壳体68螺栓连接到中央壳体62的凸缘70。后壳体68的支脚支撑发电机轴72旋转。在一些实施例中，中央壳体62和后壳体68之间的分割线(split line)可向前方移动，使得定子34被固定到后壳体68而不是中央壳体62以减少定子34和转子36之间的气隙距离在部件之间的差异(part-to-part variability)。定子34固定到中央壳体62且转子36焊接到发电机轴72。中心齿轮40花键连接到发电机轴72，行星架46花键连接到输入轴10，且环形齿轮42花键连接到中间轴44。行星齿轮组48嵌入在转子18和转子36内侧以减少轴向长度。
图3示出了根据图1示意性示出的布置的变速器的前部的横截面。前壳体74通过中央壳体62的凸缘76和前壳体74的凸缘78螺栓连接到中央壳体62。行星架28花键连接到输出12、中间轴44以及离合器60的离合器壳体80。中心齿轮52花键连接到前壳体74的支脚。行星架56花键连接到输入轴10。环形齿轮54花键连接到离合器60的轮毂。前壳体74还固定到阀体82。前壳体74限定将流体从阀体82输送到离合器60的流体通道84。一个通道将流体输送到应用室中。为接合离合器60，此通道中的流体被增压迫使活塞压缩离合器组件。另一通道将未增压的流体输送到平衡室中。
图4示意性示出了另一功率分流式混合动力电动变速器。与图1的变速器相同的部件标以相同的参考标号。与图1的变速器不同，中间轴44不是固定地连接到输出12。离合器86和离合器88以及制动器90提供操作模式。离合器86将中间轴44选择性地连接到中心齿轮24。接合离合器86选择低速模式。在低速模式下，来自功率分流齿轮组38的机械功率流动路径利用齿轮组22提供倍增扭矩。离合器88将中间轴44选择地连接到输出12。接合离合器88选择高速模式，其与图1中的变速器在离合器60分离时起的作用相同。制动器90选择性地保持中间轴44不旋转。接合制动器90选择串联模式。在串联模式中，不存在从功率分流齿轮组38到输出的机械功率流动路径。转子36被约束以输入10的转速的固定倍数旋转。发电机32将所有的输入功率转换为电功率。马达16利用电池储存的电功率和来自发电机32的电功率的某种组合提供推进车辆的所有动力。
图4的变速器的后部与如图2所示的图1的变速器的后部相同。图5示出了根据图4示意性示出的布置的变速器的前部的截面图。与图3的变速器相同的部件标以相同的参考标号。中间轴44花键连接到离合器壳体92。前壳体74包括从阀体82至各种换挡元件的一系列流体通道84。一条通道将流体输送到离合器86的应用室中。另一通道将流体输送到离合器88的应用室中。第三通道将未增压的流体输送到离合器86和离合器88的平衡室中。第四通道将流体输送到与前壳体74集成的制动器90的应用室中。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例，但这些实施例并不意在描述了权利要求包含的所有可能的形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，而且应该理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下能够进行各种变化。如前所述，各个实施例的特征可组合，以形成本发明可能没有明确描述或说明的进一步的实施例。虽然各个实施例能被描述为提供优点或者在一个或更多个期望特性方面优于其它实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域的普通技术人员认识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特点或特性可被折衷，以实现期望的总体系统属性。这样，在此讨论的被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，且可期望用于特定应用。

Claims (12)

1.一种变速器，包括：
中央壳体；
前壳体，固定到中央壳体的前侧，并支撑输入旋转；
后壳体，固定到中央壳体的后侧；
第一电机，具有第一转子和固定到中央壳体的第一定子；以及
第一行星齿轮组，具有固定地连接到第一转子的第一中心齿轮、固定地连接到输出的第一行星架和固定地连接到前壳体的第一环形齿轮，所述输出位于第一行星齿轮组和中央壳体之间，并且中央壳体位于所述输出和第一转子之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，输出被支撑以绕主轴线旋转，且被构造为将功率传递到差速器，所述差速器位于从主轴线偏移的差速器轴线上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器，还包括：
第二电机，具有第二定子和由后壳体支撑以绕主轴线旋转的第二转子。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变速器，其中，第二定子固定到中央壳体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的变速器，还包括第二行星齿轮组，所述第二行星齿轮组具有固定地连接到第二转子的第二中心齿轮、固定地连接到输入的第二行星架以及固定地连接到中间轴的第二环形齿轮。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，其中，第二行星齿轮组位于第一转子的后侧、第二转子的前侧且径向地位于第一定子和第二定子的内侧。
7.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，还包括：
至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器，位于第一行星齿轮组的前侧；
其中，所述前壳体限定至少一个通道以将增压流体输送到所述至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变速器，还包括第三行星齿轮组，所述第三行星齿轮组具有连接到前壳体的第三中心齿轮、连接到输入的第三行星架以及连接到输出的第三环形齿轮。
9.根据权利要求8所述的变速器，其中：
第三中心齿轮固定到前壳体；
第三行星架固定地连接到输入；以及
所述至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器被构造为选择性地将第三环形齿轮连接到输出。
10.根据权利要求7所述的变速器，其中，所述至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器包括被构造为选择性地将中间轴连接到输出的第一离合器。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速器，其中，所述至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器还包括被构造为选择性地将中间轴连接到第一中心齿轮的第二离合器。
12.根据权利要求10所述的变速器，其中，所述至少一个液压致动的摩擦离合器还包括被构造为选择性地保持中间轴不旋转的制动器。
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