CN106368500A - Building method of energy-saving building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a building method of an energy-saving building. The method comprises the following steps of plane arrangement of the building, wall construction, door and window construction, roof construction, indoor greening and roof system construction. The energy-saving building built through the building method has the characteristics of energy saving, earthquake resistance, heat preservation, usable area increasing, cost reduction and efficacy improvement, achieves building industrialization and housing industrialization, and is suitable for being popularized and applied.

Description

A kind of construction method of energy-saving building

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building structure design and construction, and in particular relates to a construction method of an energy-saving building.

Background technique

The large proportion of high-energy-consuming buildings in my country has aggravated the energy crisis. Until the end of 2002, the area of energy-saving buildings was only 230 million square meters. More than 40 billion square meters of houses have been built in my country, which are high-energy-consuming buildings. The total amount is huge, and there is a huge potential energy crisis. As the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Construction pointed out, only by the end of 2000, the annual consumption of commodity energy in my country’s buildings totaled 376 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 27.6% of the total terminal energy consumption of the whole society, and the increase in building energy consumption has a negative impact on the country’s greenhouse gas emissions. The "contribution rate" has reached 25%. Due to the large proportion of high-energy-consuming buildings, the heating area in the north alone consumes 18 million tons of standard coal more each year, causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan and emitting 520,000 tons of carbon dioxide more. If this situation continues to develop, by 2020, my country's building energy consumption will reach 108.9 billion tons of standard coal; Amazing amount. According to analysis, my country is in the peak period of construction, and the area of houses built every year is as high as 1.6 billion to 2 billion square meters, which exceeds the sum of the annual built areas of all developed countries, and more than 97% of them are high energy consumption buildings. Based on the progress of construction, it is estimated that by 2020, the area of high energy-consuming buildings in the country will reach 70 billion square meters. Therefore, if we do not pay attention to building energy-saving design, it will directly aggravate the energy crisis.

Building energy consumption accounts for about 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the society. The total energy consumption of buildings in my country is increasing year by year, and the proportion in the total energy consumption has risen from 10% in the late 1970s to 27.45%. . However, building energy consumption in developed countries generally accounts for about 33% of the total energy consumption in the country. Based on this inference, research by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Construction shows that with the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's quality of life, the proportion of my country's building energy consumption will eventually rise to about 35%. With such a huge proportion, building energy consumption has become the weakness of my country's economic development.

my country's building energy-saving situation is backward and needs to be improved urgently. After the energy crisis in the 1970s, developed countries began to devote themselves to the research and implementation of building energy-saving technology, but my country has ignored this aspect of the problem. Today, my country's building energy efficiency lags far behind developed countries.

Energy-saving buildings refer to the low-energy buildings designed after the study of building planning zoning, groups and individual units, building orientation, distance, solar radiation, wind direction and external space environment in accordance with the basic methods of climate design and energy conservation. Its main indicators There are: architectural planning and plane layout should be conducive to natural ventilation, and the greening rate should not be lower than 35%; building spacing should ensure that each household has at least one living space that can receive full window sunlight for 2 hours in cold seasons, etc. With the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for the comfort, personalization, artistic taste, safety and energy saving of artificial lighting environment are becoming more and more prominent. The factors that affect the light environment are not only the illumination, but also the proportion of sunlight, the direction of lighting, the color rendering of the light source, the color temperature, and the avoidance of color glare. It is difficult for the traditional design mode to adapt to the current situation of ecological energy-saving building design requirements.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technologies, and provide a construction method of energy-saving buildings. The characteristics of industrialization and housing industrialization are suitable for popularization and application.

Its specific technical plan is:

A method for building an energy-saving building, comprising the steps of:

Step 1. The layout of the building: choose the south direction of the building, and when the internal structure of the building is a one-sided corridor, the corridor is set on the north side; the distance between buildings is twice the height of the building on the south side;

Step 2. Wall construction: block making; watering and maintenance; grid plate installation; wall formwork is fixed and then the roof and beam formwork are supported, and insulation materials are left at the corners; self-compacting concrete construction; wall finish layer construction;

Step 3. Door and window construction:

Hollow glass installation; door and window sealing;

Step 4. Roof construction: There is a ventilation and heat insulation layer on the upper or lower part of the roof structure, and a reflective layer or water storage vegetation on the roof structure; when the roof is plate-shaped, use asphalt perlite boards, cement polystyrene boards, and cement vermiculite boards or polystyrene boards; perlite, ceramsite or pumice is used when the roof insulation layer needs to be poured on site; floor heating is installed, and an exhaust duct is provided on the insulation layer to communicate with the atmosphere, and waterproof treatment around the exhaust duct is done;

Step 5. Indoor greening: greening is set on any floor of the building, or on the balcony or the roof;

Step 6. Roof construction: polystyrene foam board insulation, cement and cement-expanded perlite are used above.

Further, the construction of the wall finish layer described in step 2 is as follows: first, the base layer is cleaned, smoothed, and wetted, and the concrete walls, beams, columns and the parts that are not easy to stick to the bricks on the surface are roughened; The foot line or dado line, around the door and window holes, need to be plastered with cement mortar to form a corner protection with a width of 50mm. In order to ensure the thickness of the insulation layer, the wall is made of standard ash cakes and punched ribs; the thickness of each plaster is controlled at 10mm, and the bottom layer After hardening, apply the next layer. During the hardening of the mortar, avoid all impacts and vibrations. Add a layer of glass fiber mesh on the window sill wall of the first layer to avoid impact on the first layer of the wall and then apply the plastering surface layer and The phenomenon of holes in the insulation material; apply a layer of interface agent on the insulation layer to prevent ground moisture from being absorbed into the insulation layer through capillary action.

Further, the door and window construction described in step 3 is specifically:

3.1 Door and window installation: The glass installation should be kept in a vertical position to prevent the glass from being broken due to local unevenness. There should be no direct contact between the inlaid insulating glass and the installation frame. Insulating glass sealant produces chemical reaction substances. When installing insulating glass, the working temperature is above 4°C. When installing, it is necessary to distinguish the front and back sides, and the glass coating side faces the air layer;

3.2 Sealing of doors and windows: The gaps around the edges of doors and windows are sealed with EPDM rubber strips. For the connection between door and window frames and walls, polyurethane PU foaming joint filler is used to squeeze it into the joints of doors and windows through an extrusion gun. After curing, it becomes a sealing strip;

3.2.1 Base wetting: Before applying PU foam joint filler, spray a layer of clear water on the base with a watering can, spray evenly, and form water mist, promote the full expansion of PU foam joint sealant, and make PU foam The foam joint material is fully bonded with the surrounding;

3.2.2 Filling: Shake the spray material well and then load the gun. When spraying, spray from bottom to top in the vertical direction and from one end to the other end in the horizontal direction. The injection volume is controlled at 2/3 of the volume to be filled. , spray water mist on the surface again immediately after spraying;

3.2.3 Repair and pointing: 1 hour after the PU foam joint filler fills the joints, wait until it is fully cured, use a utility knife to repair a groove with a depth of 10mm, and then use cement mortar pointing to protect it.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

The invention provides a construction method of an energy-saving building. The wall of the energy-saving building can replace the brick-concrete structure and meet the building energy-saving standard; the invention adopts window material with a small heat transfer coefficient and installs insulating glass to block thermal bridges measures to reduce the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows and enhance the thermal insulation performance of buildings. By further strengthening the manufacturing and installation precision of doors and windows, adding sealing strips and extruding sealants, etc., air infiltration is reduced, energy consumption of cold air infiltration is reduced, and the The cold and heat bridge of the building is generated, which improves the thermal insulation performance of the building, improves people's living and working environment, and reduces the energy consumption of the building; the ground of the present invention is equipped with floor heating, using geothermal energy, the resource No pollution and low cost, the energy-saving building built by this construction method has the characteristics of energy saving, earthquake resistance, heat preservation, increased usable area, reduced cost, improved efficiency, etc., realizes the characteristics of building industrialization and housing industrialization, and is suitable for popularization and application.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The construction method of embodiment 1 energy-saving building

Step 1. The layout of the building: choose the south direction of the building, and when the internal structure of the building is a one-sided corridor, the corridor is set on the north side; the distance between buildings is twice the height of the building on the south side;

Step 2. Wall construction: block making; watering and maintenance; grid plate installation; wall formwork is fixed and then the roof and beam formwork are supported, and insulation materials are left at the corners; self-compacting concrete construction; wall finish layer construction;

Step 3. Door and window construction:

Hollow glass installation; door and window sealing;

Step 4. Roof construction: There is a ventilation and heat insulation layer on the upper or lower part of the roof structure, and a reflective layer or water storage vegetation on the roof structure; when the roof is plate-shaped, use asphalt perlite boards, cement polystyrene boards, and cement vermiculite boards or polystyrene boards; perlite, ceramsite or pumice is used when the roof insulation layer needs to be poured on site; floor heating is installed, and an exhaust duct is provided on the insulation layer to communicate with the atmosphere, and waterproof treatment around the exhaust duct is done;

Step 5. Indoor greening: greening is set on any floor of the building, or on the balcony or the roof;

Step 6. Roof construction: polystyrene foam board insulation, cement and cement-expanded perlite are used above.

Further, the construction of the wall finish layer described in step 2 is as follows: first, the base layer is cleaned, smoothed, and wetted, and the concrete walls, beams, columns and the parts that are not easy to stick to the bricks on the surface are roughened; The foot line or dado line, around the door and window holes, need to be plastered with cement mortar to form a corner protection with a width of 50mm. In order to ensure the thickness of the insulation layer, the wall is made of standard ash cakes and punched ribs; the thickness of each plaster is controlled at 10mm, and the bottom layer After hardening, apply the next layer. During the hardening of the mortar, avoid all impacts and vibrations. Add a layer of glass fiber mesh on the window sill wall of the first layer to avoid impact on the first layer of the wall and then apply the plastering surface layer and The phenomenon of holes in the insulation material; apply a layer of interface agent on the insulation layer to prevent ground moisture from being absorbed into the insulation layer through capillary action.

Further, the door and window construction described in step 3 is specifically:

3.1 Door and window installation: The glass installation should be kept in a vertical position to prevent the glass from being broken due to local unevenness. There should be no direct contact between the inlaid insulating glass and the installation frame. Insulating glass sealant produces chemical reaction substances. When installing insulating glass, the working temperature is above 4°C. When installing, it is necessary to distinguish the front and back sides, and the glass coating side faces the air layer;

3.2 Sealing of doors and windows: The gaps around the edges of doors and windows are sealed with EPDM rubber strips. For the connection between door and window frames and walls, polyurethane PU foaming joint filler is used to squeeze it into the joints of doors and windows through an extrusion gun. After curing, it becomes a sealing strip;

3.2.1 Base wetting: Before applying PU foam joint filler, spray a layer of clear water on the base with a watering can, spray evenly, and form water mist, promote the full expansion of PU foam joint sealant, and make PU foam The foam joint material is fully bonded with the surrounding;

3.2.2 Filling: Shake the spray material well and then load the gun. When spraying, spray from bottom to top in the vertical direction and from one end to the other end in the horizontal direction. The injection volume is controlled at 2/3 of the volume to be filled. , spray water mist on the surface again immediately after spraying;

3.2.3 Repair and pointing: 1 hour after the PU foam joint filler fills the joints, wait until it is fully cured, use a utility knife to repair a groove with a depth of 10mm, and then use cement mortar pointing to protect it.

Embodiment 2 Analysis of various indicators of energy-saving buildings

In the specific application process of the energy-saving building of the present invention, the doors and windows are tested, and the air tightness of the doors and windows reaches the 4th grade standard, and its heat transfer coefficient is 2.13w/(m ² ·k), and the glass used can be heat-absorbing New materials such as glass, heat-reflecting glass, dimming glass, and thermal insulation walls achieve the dual effects of thermal insulation and lighting. Energy-saving lamps and water-saving components can also be used. The indoor temperature is controlled at 15-22°C to achieve thermal insulation and energy saving. It can save 170kg/m ² of standard coal every year during the heating period, which significantly reduces energy consumption and cost, and achieves the goals of environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction.

The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution. Changes or equivalent replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for building an energy-saving building, comprising the following steps: Step 1. The layout of the building: choose the south direction of the building, and when the internal structure of the building is a one-sided corridor, the corridor is set on the north side; the distance between buildings is twice the height of the building on the south side; Step 2. Wall construction: block making; watering and maintenance; grid plate installation; wall formwork is fixed and then the roof and beam formwork are supported, and insulation materials are left at the corners; self-compacting concrete construction; wall finish layer construction; Step 3. Door and window construction: Hollow glass installation; door and window sealing; Step 4. Roof construction: There is a ventilation and heat insulation layer on the upper or lower part of the roof structure, and a reflective layer or water storage vegetation on the roof structure; when the roof is plate-shaped, use asphalt perlite boards, cement polystyrene boards, and cement vermiculite boards or polystyrene boards; perlite, ceramsite or pumice is used when the roof insulation layer needs to be poured on site; floor heating is installed, and an exhaust duct is provided on the insulation layer to communicate with the atmosphere, and waterproof treatment around the exhaust duct is done; Step 5. Indoor greening: greening is set on any floor of the building, or on the balcony or the roof; Step 6. Roof construction: polystyrene foam board insulation, cement and cement-expanded perlite are used above. 2. The construction method of an energy-saving building according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the wall finish layer in step 2 is as follows: first, the base is cleaned, leveled, and wetted, and the concrete wall , beams, columns and the parts that are not easy to stick to bricks on the surface; then, around the skirting line or dado line, door and window openings, it is necessary to use cement mortar to form corners with a width of 50mm. In order to ensure the thickness of the insulation layer, the wall surface Standard ash cake, punching ribs; the thickness of each plastering is controlled at 10mm, and the next layer is applied after the bottom layer is hardened. During the hardening of the mortar, avoid all impact and vibration, and add a layer on the window sill wall of the first floor The glass fiber grid avoids holes in the plastering surface and the insulation material after impact on the first wall; apply a layer of interface agent on the insulation layer to prevent ground moisture from being absorbed into the insulation layer through capillary action. 3. The construction method of an energy-saving building according to claim 1, wherein the construction of doors and windows described in step 3 is specifically: 3.1 Door and window installation: The glass installation should be kept in a vertical position to prevent the glass from being broken due to local unevenness. There should be no direct contact between the inlaid insulating glass and the installation frame. Insulating glass sealant produces chemical reaction substances. When installing insulating glass, the working temperature is above 4°C. When installing, it is necessary to distinguish the front and back sides, and the glass coating side faces the air layer; 3.2 Sealing of doors and windows: The gaps around the edges of doors and windows are sealed with EPDM rubber strips. For the connection between door and window frames and walls, polyurethane PU foaming joint filler is used to squeeze it into the joints of doors and windows through an extrusion gun. After curing, it becomes a sealing strip; 3.2.1 Base wetting: Before applying PU foam joint filler, spray a layer of clear water on the base with a watering can, spray evenly, and form water mist, promote the full expansion of PU foam joint sealant, and make PU foam The foam joint material is fully bonded with the surrounding; 3.2.2 Filling: Shake the spray material well and then load the gun. When spraying, spray from bottom to top in the vertical direction and from one end to the other end in the horizontal direction. The injection volume is controlled at 2/3 of the volume to be filled. , spray water mist on the surface again immediately after spraying; 3.2.3 Repair and pointing: 1 hour after the PU foam joint filler fills the joints, wait until it is fully cured, use a utility knife to repair a groove with a depth of 10mm, and then use cement mortar pointing to protect it.