CN106367637B - A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106367637B CN106367637B CN201610738782.8A CN201610738782A CN106367637B CN 106367637 B CN106367637 B CN 106367637B CN 201610738782 A CN201610738782 A CN 201610738782A CN 106367637 B CN106367637 B CN 106367637B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy includes following components by weight percentage: Mg, Cu, Zn, Si, B, Ti, Ni, Nd, Mn, Pt, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ge, Nb, Mo, Hf, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.Alloying component is reasonable in the present invention, process optimization, and obtained aluminium alloy has many advantages, such as that light-weight, intensity is high, corrosion-resistant, high-low temperature resistant and is less prone to crackle, is able to satisfy the performance requirement of EMU gear-box.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aluminum alloy technology, more particularly to a kind of EMU gear-box that is used for be closed with high-low temperature resistant aluminium
Gold and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Aluminium alloy is most widely used one kind non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, due to aluminium alloy while being had higher
Intensity and good machine-shaping property, therefore in order to by a relatively large margin reduction component weight and improve structure stabilization
Property, it can choose and replace steel material using aluminum alloy materials.Currently, aluminium alloy is in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine-building, ship
It has been widely applied in oceangoing ship and chemical industry.With the rapid development of industrial economy, the demand to aluminium alloy is increasing, closes aluminium
The research of gold is also goed deep into therewith.Currently, that there are resistant of high or low temperature is poor for China's EMU gear-box, the problems such as intensity difference.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium to close
Gold and preparation method thereof, reasonable composition, process optimization, obtained aluminium alloy have that light-weight, intensity is high, corrosion-resistant, resistance to height
Low temperature and the advantages that be less prone to crackle, is able to satisfy the performance requirement of EMU gear-box.
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the aluminium alloy its ingredient by weight hundred
Divide than including following components: Mg:0.6-1.2%, Cu:0.6-1.1%, Zn:0.08-0.32%, Si:5.5-7.2%, B:
0.07-0.18%, Ti:0.09-0.25%, Ni:0.01-0.06%, Nd:0.01-0.08%, Mn:0.2-0.95%, Pt:
0.006-0.03%, Cd:0.005-0.018%, Sn:0.003-0.018%, Cr:0.01-0.045%, Ge:0.006-
0.024%, Nb:0.035-0.075%, Mo:0.028-0.062%, Hf:0.048-0.08%, other impurity elements individually contain
Amount≤0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preferably, the weight percent of described Mg, Cu, Si meet following relationship: 7wt%≤Mg+Cu+Si≤9wt%.
Preferably, the weight percent of described Ge, Nb meet following relationship: 0.045wt%≤Ge+Nb≤
0.085wt%.
Preferably, the weight percent of described B, Ti meet following relationship: 0.18wt%≤B+Ti≤0.4wt%.
Preferably, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy includes following components by weight percentage: Mg:0.8-1%, Cu:0.8-
0.9%, Zn:0.18-0.22%, Si:6.3-6.5%, B:0.12-0.14%, Ti:0.15-0.18%, Ni:0.03-
0.05%, Nd:0.05-0.06%, Mn:0.5-0.65%, Pt:0.016-0.02%, Cd:0.01-0.012%, Sn:0.009-
0.012%, Cr:0.022-0.03%, Ge:0.015-0.018%, Nb:0.05-0.06%, Mo:0.04-0.045%, Hf:
0.06-0.07%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preferably, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy includes following components by weight percentage: Mg:0.9%, Cu:0.86%,
Zn:0.2%, Si:6.4%, B:0.13%, Ti:0.16%, Ni:0.04%, Nd:0.056%, Mn:0.58%, Pt:
0.018%, Cd:0.011%, Sn:0.011%, Cr:0.025%, Ge:0.016%, Nb:0.054%, Mo:0.042%, Hf:
0.066%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, and specific steps are such as
Under:
S1, melting: preheating 25-30min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 715-735 DEG C, molten to pure Al
Then constant temperature 30-40min after change sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, under stirring
Until completely melted, it is cooled to 670-690 DEG C of heat preservation 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy；
S2, refining: then refining agent is added into aluminium alloy obtained in S1, sufficiently stirs to 740-760 DEG C for adjustment furnace temperature
30-45min is stood after mixing, and is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 485-530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4-3.2h.
Preferably, in S2, the refining agent is blown into aluminium alloy by inert gas.
Preferably, in S2, its weight of the refining agent accounts for the 0.25%-0.4% of aluminium alloy total weight.
Preferably, in S2, its raw material of the refining agent includes following components by weight: 40-60 parts of potassium chloride, sulfuric acid
10-25 parts of potassium, 10-18 parts of calcirm-fluoride, 8-15 parts of magnesia, 10-25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 5-10 parts of ice crystal.
Nd, Mn are added in the present invention to be used cooperatively, improves the high temperature performance of aluminium alloy, wherein Nd can also improve aluminium conjunction
The air-tightness and corrosion resistance of gold, Mn can improve the flex stiffiness and intensity of aluminium alloy；Mo, Hf is added to be used cooperatively, further
The high and low temperature resistance of aluminium alloy is improved, wherein Mo improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, Hf and Ni with the use of the secondary carbonization of inhibition
Object M23C6And M6The formation of C, to improve the microstructure stability of aluminium alloy at high temperature；Mg, Si is added and controls two
The content of person, reaction generates hardening constituent Mg in Al liquid2Si improves the intensity of aluminium alloy；A small amount of Cu is added, generates CuAl2
Phase and Cu3Al2Mutually have the effect of ageing strengthening, the final intensity of aluminium alloy can be improved, while Cu and Mg, Al cooperate and tie
Conjunction, which forms S phase also, can effectively improve the intensity and high and low temperature resistance of aluminium alloy；To make up the additional amount of Cu in a certain range
The problems such as decline of bring corrosion resistance, and making mechanical properties decrease, and the performance of aluminium alloy other aspects is improved, this
In invention Mg can with Mo cooperate improve aluminium alloy toughness and corrosion resistance energy, Mg can also Zn, Pt cooperation so that aluminium alloy has
Good mechanical property, Cu and Cr, Ni cooperate, and increase the resistance to corrosion of aluminium alloy, while Cr can improve alloy casting
State tissue improves the plasticity and processing performance of aluminium alloy；Cd, Sn is added, improves the toughness and ductility of aluminium alloy；Addition Ge,
Nb has the function of refining crystal grain, moreover it is possible to which the recrystallization behavior for inhibiting aluminium alloy enables aluminum alloy to have more excellent mechanical property
Energy；B, Ti is added and controls its content, effectively refinement crystal grain, it is suppressed that the recrystallization of Deformation structure effectively increases aluminium alloy
Mechanical property.Alloying component is reasonable in the present invention, process optimization, and obtained aluminium alloy is with light-weight, intensity is high, corrosion resistant
Erosion, high-low temperature resistant and the advantages that be less prone to crackle, are able to satisfy the performance requirement of EMU gear-box.
Specific embodiment
In the following, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy include following by weight percentage
Component: Mg:0.6%, Cu:1.1%, Zn:0.08%, Si:7.2%, B:0.07%, Ti:0.25%, Ni:0.01%, Nd:
0.08%, Mn:0.2%, Pt:0.03%, Cd:0.005%, Sn:0.018%, Cr:0.01%, Ge:0.024%, Nb:
0.035%, Mo:0.062%, Hf:0.048%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, surplus Al.
The preparation method of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 25min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 735 DEG C, the constant temperature after pure Al fusing
Then 30min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, wait be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, 690 DEG C of heat preservation 40min are cooled to, aluminium alloy is obtained；
S2, refining: then to 740 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
45min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 485 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 3.2h.
Embodiment 2
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy include following by weight percentage
Component: Mg:0.75%, Cu:0.96%, Zn:0.14%, Si:6.72%, B:0.096%, Ti:0.225%, Ni:0.02%,
Nd:0.064%, Mn:0.37%, Pt:0.025%, Cd:0.008%, Sn:0.015%, Cr:0.022%, Ge:0.021%,
Nb:0.042%, Mo:0.051%, Hf:0.052%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity elements are total
Content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
The preparation method of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 28min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 730 DEG C, the constant temperature after pure Al fusing
Then 38min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, wait be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, 675 DEG C of heat preservation 33min are cooled to, aluminium alloy is obtained；
S2, refining: then to 745 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
33min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4h.
Wherein, in S2, the refining agent is blown into aluminium alloy by inert gas；
Its weight of the refining agent accounts for the 0.25% of aluminium alloy total weight；
Its raw material of the refining agent includes following components by weight: 40 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, calcirm-fluoride 10
Part, 15 parts of magnesia, 10 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 10 parts of ice crystal.
Embodiment 3
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy include following by weight percentage
Component: Mg:0.9%, Cu:0.86%, Zn:0.2%, Si:6.4%, B:0.13%, Ti:0.16%, Ni:0.04%, Nd:
0.056%, Mn:0.58%, Pt:0.018%, Cd:0.011%, Sn:0.011%, Cr:0.025%, Ge:0.016%, Nb:
0.054%, Mo:0.042%, Hf:0.066%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, surplus Al.
The preparation method of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 27min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 720 DEG C, the constant temperature after pure Al fusing
Then 35min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, wait be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, 680 DEG C of heat preservation 35min are cooled to, aluminium alloy is obtained；
S2, refining: then to 750 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
35min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 505 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 1.85h.
Wherein, in S2, the refining agent is blown into aluminium alloy by inert gas；
Its weight of the refining agent accounts for the 0.3% of aluminium alloy total weight；
Its raw material of the refining agent includes following components by weight: 50 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, calcirm-fluoride 15
Part, 10 parts of magnesia, 20 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 7.5 parts of ice crystal.
Embodiment 4
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy include following by weight percentage
Component: Mg:1.2%, Cu:0.6%, Zn:0.32%, Si:5.5%, B:0.18%, Ti:0.09%, Ni:0.06%, Nd:
0.01%, Mn:0.95%, Pt:0.006%, Cd:0.018%, Sn:0.003%, Cr:0.045%, Ge:0.006%, Nb:
0.075%, Mo:0.028%, Hf0.08%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total contents≤
0.15%, surplus Al.
The preparation method of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 30min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 715 DEG C, the constant temperature after pure Al fusing
Then 40min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, wait be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, 670 DEG C of heat preservation 30min are cooled to, aluminium alloy is obtained；
S2, refining: then to 760 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
45min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 520 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 1.2h.
Embodiment 5
A kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its ingredient of the aluminium alloy include following by weight percentage
Component: Mg:1.12%, Cu:0.72%, Zn:0.26%, Si:5.8%, B:0.14%, Ti:0.13%, Ni:0.046%, Nd:
0.025%, Mn:0.67%, Pt:0.014%, Cd:0.013%, Sn:0.008%, Cr:0.034%, Ge:0.011%, Nb:
0.066%, Mo:0.034%, Hf:0.066%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, surplus Al.
The preparation method of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 29min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 730 DEG C, the constant temperature after pure Al fusing
Then 32min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point height from low to high, wait be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, 685 DEG C of heat preservation 38min are cooled to, aluminium alloy is obtained；
S2, refining: then to 755 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
42min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is subjected to solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 495 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 2.5h.
Wherein, in S2, the refining agent is blown into aluminium alloy by inert gas；
Its weight of the refining agent accounts for the 0.4% of aluminium alloy total weight；
Its raw material of the refining agent includes following components by weight: 60 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, calcirm-fluoride 18
Part, 8 parts of magnesia, 25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 5 parts of ice crystal.
Performance survey is carried out under normal pressure with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy to EMU gear-box described in 1-5 of the embodiment of the present invention
Examination, test result is as follows:
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that the aluminium alloy its ingredient percentage by weight
Than including following components: Mg:0.8-1.2%, Cu:0.6-1.1%, Zn:0.18-0.22%, Si:6.3-6.5%, B:0.07-
0.18%, Ti:0.15-0.25%, Ni:0.01-0.06%, Nd:0.01-0.08%, Mn:0.5-0.58%, Pt:0.006-
0.03%, Cd:0.005-0.018%, Sn:0.003-0.018%, Cr:0.01-0.045%, Ge:0.006-0.024%, Nb:
0.035-0.075%, Mo:0.028-0.062%, Hf:0.048-0.08%, other single content≤0.05% of impurity element,
Other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al；
The weight percent of described Mg, Cu, Si meet following relationship: 7wt%≤Mg+Cu+Si≤9wt%；
The weight percent of described Ge, Nb meet following relationship: 0.045wt%≤Ge+Nb≤0.085wt%；
The weight percent of described B, Ti meet following relationship: 0.18wt%≤B+Ti≤0.4wt%；
The preparation method of the EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, melting: preheating 25-30min for smelting furnace, and pure Al is launched into furnace, is heated to 715-735 DEG C, after pure Al fusing
Then constant temperature 30-40min sequentially adds other each raw materials by the sequence of fusing point from low to high, to completely molten under stirring
After change, it is cooled to 670-690 DEG C of heat preservation 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy；
S2, refining: then to 740-760 DEG C refining agent is added, after being sufficiently stirred in adjustment furnace temperature into aluminium alloy obtained in S1
30-45min is stood, is skimmed；
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after S2 is refined is poured into the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, heat treatment: carrying out solution treatment for aluminium alloy ingots, then carry out natural aging treatment, obtains the EMU gear
Case high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature is 485-530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4-3.2h.
2. EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aluminium alloy its at
Divide includes following components: Mg:0.8-1%, Cu:0.8-0.9%, Zn:0.18-0.22%, Si:6.3- by weight percentage
6.5%, B:0.12-0.14%, Ti:0.15-0.18%, Ni:0.03-0.05%, Nd:0.05-0.06%, Mn:0.5-
0.58%, Pt:0.016-0.02%, Cd:0.01-0.012%, Sn:0.009-0.012%, Cr:0.022-0.03%, Ge:
0.015-0.018%, Nb:0.05-0.06%, Mo:0.04-0.045%, Hf:0.06-0.07%, other impurity elements are single
Content≤0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
3. EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the aluminium alloy its at
Divide includes following components: Mg:0.9%, Cu:0.86%, Zn:0.2%, Si:6.4%, B:0.13%, Ti by weight percentage:
0.16%, Ni:0.04%, Nd:0.056%, Mn:0.58%, Pt:0.018%, Cd:0.011%, Sn:0.011%, Cr:
0.025%, Ge:0.016%, Nb:0.054%, Mo:0.042%, Hf:0.066%, other single contents of impurity element≤
0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, surplus Al.
4. EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S2, the essence
Refining agent is blown into aluminium alloy by inert gas.
5. EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S2, the essence
Refining its weight of agent accounts for the 0.25%-0.4% of aluminium alloy total weight.
6. EMU gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S2, the essence
Refine its raw material of agent includes following components by weight: 40-60 parts of potassium chloride, 10-25 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-18 parts of calcirm-fluoride, oxidation
8-15 parts of magnesium, 10-25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 5-10 parts of ice crystal.
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