CN110195175B - Corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of aluminum alloy die casting processing. The components and the percentages of the components are as follows: 6.5 to 7.6 percent of Si, 1.4 to 2.1 percent of Mg1.8 to 1.3 percent of Cu0.8 to 0.11 percent of Sr0.05 to 0.11 percent of Zn0.4 to 0.9 percent of Mn0.4 to 0.8 percent of Fe0.2 to 0.6 percent of Y0.2 to 0.5 percent of Er0.03 to 0.05 percent of the total content of other metal and nonmetal impurity elements not more than 0.5 percent of the balance of Al. The alloy is prepared by the process steps of melting, refining, standing, die casting, solution quenching treatment, aging treatment and the like. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of greatly improved corrosion resistance, good tensile property at high temperature, high toughness and good extrusion resistance; the process is simple and easy to implement, has the advantages of high safety and low production process cost, and the produced aluminum alloy casting meets the use requirement of a workpiece needing to bear larger dynamic load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy die casting processing, in particular to corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for automobiles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The application of aluminium alloys in the automotive field has mainly focused on the casting of engine components and hubs, while at the same time the application of aluminium alloys to automotive body panels has started to be of increasing interest; aluminum alloys can be classified into two types, i.e., wrought aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, according to the processing method. In casting aluminum alloys, die casting is a casting method in which a molten alloy liquid is poured into a pressure chamber, a cavity of a steel mold is filled at a high speed, and the alloy liquid is solidified under pressure to form a casting.
The traditional aluminum alloy die casting has poor corrosion resistance and poor mechanical property, and can not meet the requirements of the market and the material performance of the existing product. The components of the aluminum alloy, the smelting and heat treatment process parameters have important influence on the performance of the plate, and how to select the optimal components and the optimal process parameters becomes the key point of the current research.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for automobiles and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor corrosion resistance and poor mechanical properties of aluminum alloy castings in the prior art.
For this purpose, the invention proposes the following solutions:
the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 to 7.6 percent of Si, 1.4 to 2.1 percent of Mg, 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.11 percent of Sr, 0.4 to 0.9 percent of Zn, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Fe0.2 to 0.5 percent of Y, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of other metal and nonmetal impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the components and the percentage of each component are as follows: 6.9 percent of Si, 1.7 percent of Mg, 1.1 percent of Cu, 0.07 percent of Sr, 0.6 percent of Zn, 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.3 percent of Y, 0.04 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 735-;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 750-;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 130-140 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 235-245 ℃, and injecting the aluminum alloy melt processed in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 532-;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and carrying out three-stage processing to obtain the die casting.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is adjusted to 758 ℃ in step S2 to perform the refining process.
Preferably, the mass of the refining agent added in the step S2 is 0.27 percent of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace,
preferably, the air pressure is controlled to 0.28MPa in step S2.
Preferably, the preheating of the cavity of the mold to 241 ℃ is continued after the spraying of the aqueous release agent in step S4.
Preferably, the die casting process in step S4 is: the flow rate of the melt at the beginning of mold filling is 0.26-0.30m/s, and the casting pressure is 53-58 MPa; when the mold filling rate exceeds 30%, the flow rate of the molten liquid is 0.86-0.97m/s, and the casting pressure is 60-64 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 60 percent, the flow rate of the melt is increased to 1.65-1.70m/s, and the casting pressure is 65-70 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 90%, the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 1.85-1.95m/s, and the casting pressure is 71-74MPa until the mold filling and die casting are finished.
Preferably, the quenching heating temperature of step S5 is 537 ℃.
Preferably, the three-stage aging treatment step in step S6 is:
aging for one stage: the aging temperature is 110-;
and (2) aging for the second stage: the aging temperature is 140-;
aging three stages: the aging temperature is 200-220 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 3-4 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the aluminum alloy has the advantages of greatly improved corrosion resistance, good tensile property at high temperature, high toughness and good extrusion resistance; the production process is simple and easy to implement, has the advantages of high safety and low production process cost, and the produced aluminum alloy casting meets the use requirement of a workpiece needing to bear larger dynamic load.
2. As can be seen from Table 1, the data for examples 1-3 are all better than the data for comparative examples 1-4. In examples 1 to 3, it can be seen from the data that example 3 is the most preferable example. Example 3 has an increase in tensile strength over comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 at 25 ℃ respectively: 11.7%, 10.2%, 12.5%, 55.6%; the elongation of example 3 is increased compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 23.7%, 26.3%, 29.9%, 56.0%. At 300 ℃, the tensile strength of example 3 is improved compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 25.1%, 17.5%, 30.5%, 63.0%; the elongation of example 3 is increased compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 24.4%, 26.5%, 18.9%, 35.6%. The improvement rate of the performance shows that the aluminum alloy formula and the preparation method thereof can effectively improve the tensile strength, Rockwell hardness and elongation of the obtained aluminum alloy casting; in terms of tensile strength, the aluminum alloy of example 3 has a higher improvement rate at 300 ℃ than the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 4 at 25 ℃ and reflects a better combination property of the aluminum alloy casting of the present invention at high temperature. The performances of the comparative examples 1-4 are lower than those of the examples 1-3, and the added Sr, Y and Er elements play a role in improving the performances of the aluminum alloy castings.
3. In the added rare earth elements, Sr added into the aluminum alloy can play a role in modification, eutectic silicon and primary silicon in the alloy can be effectively refined, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The aluminum alloy added with Y has finer structure, can improve the oxidation resistance and the ductility of the casting, greatly improves the high-temperature corrosion resistance, and can form a continuous and compact protective oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy casting after the Y is added, so that the diffusion and the immersion of oxygen and sulfur can be hindered, and the corrosion resistance of the casting is improved. The addition of Er can form Al3Er can obviously refine the as-cast crystal grains of the alloy, inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent, improve the thermal stability of the alloy, simultaneously improve the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy in different heat treatment states, refine the dendritic crystal cell structure and improve the recrystallization temperature. Mixing all the materialsComparing the data of the tensile strength of example 3 with those of comparative examples 1 to 4, the synergistic effect of three elements of Sr, Y and Er can be found, and the tensile strength of example 3 is improved by 20.9 (199.3-178.4-20.9) compared with that of comparative example 1; example 3 is 18.4 higher than comparative example 2 (199.3-180.9 ═ 18.4); example 3 is 22.2 higher than comparative example 3 (199.3-177.1 ═ 22.2); example 3 is 71.2 higher than comparative example 4 (199.3-128.1 ═ 77.2); in which the sum of the data of example 3 subtracted by the data of comparative examples 1 to 3 was 61.5(20.9+18.4+ 22.2: 61.5), respectively, which was less than 71.2 (61.5) which was lower in example 3 than in comparative example 4 to which no Sr, Y, Er element was added (61.5)<71.2); the value of each group of comparative examples 1-3 is subtracted from the value of example 3 to be taken as an effect value, the effect value of the combined use of Sr, Y and Er elements in the aluminum alloy casting is increased by 15.77 percent compared with the rate alpha of (71.2-61.5) ÷ 61.5 multiplied by 100 percent to 15.77 percent of the sum of the effect values of the respective Sr, Y and Er elements in the aluminum alloy casting, namely the effect value is increased by 15.77 percent under the combined use condition, and the Sr, Y and Er elements generate corresponding synergistic action, so that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy casting is poor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Example 1
The corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 percent of Si, 1.4 percent of Mg1.4 percent of Cu, 0.8 percent of Sr, 0.05 percent of Zn, 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.2 percent of Y, 0.03 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 735 ℃, stirring to completely melt the alloy, then adding electrolytic copper, aluminum-zinc alloy, iron-aluminum alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy, continuously heating to 770 ℃, obtaining aluminum alloy melt after all alloy elements are melted, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating molten metal, and discharging gas in the molten metal;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 750 ℃, spraying a refining agent with the mass of 0.27% of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for refining, standing for 5min after refining, removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 760 ℃, adding a refining agent with the mass of 0.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, magnesium-strontium alloy, yttrium-magnesium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy, introducing argon for refining, controlling the air pressure at 0.20MPa, degassing for 12min, testing the components of the aluminum alloy melt after degassing is finished, and carrying out secondary slag removal after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified to complete the refining process;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 130 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 235, injecting the molten aluminum alloy treated in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting, wherein the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy at the beginning of mold filling is 0.26m/S, and the casting pressure is 53 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 30 percent, the flow rate of the molten liquid is 0.86m/s, and the casting pressure is 60 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the flow rate of the melt is increased to 1.65m/s, and the casting pressure is 65 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 90%, the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 1.85m/s, and the casting pressure is 71MPa until the mold filling and die casting are finished;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 532, the quenching heat preservation time is 50min, the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 28s, and the standing time after quenching is 3.5 h;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and performing aging treatment, wherein the steps are as follows: aging for one stage: the aging temperature is 110 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 90 min; and (2) aging for the second stage: the aging temperature is 140 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 100 min; aging three stages: the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging treatment time is 3h, and the die casting is obtained after the aging treatment.
Example 2
The corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 7.6 percent of Si, 2.1 percent of Mg2.3 percent of Cu, 0.11 percent of Sr, 0.9 percent of Zn, 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.6 percent of Fe, 0.5 percent of Y, 0.05 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals, and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750 ℃, stirring to completely melt the alloy, then adding electrolytic copper, aluminum-zinc alloy, iron-aluminum alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy, continuing to heat to 810 ℃, obtaining aluminum alloy melt after all alloy elements are melted, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating molten metal, and discharging gas in the molten metal;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 760 ℃, spraying a refining agent with the mass of 0.27% of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for refining, standing for 10min after refining is completed, removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 780 ℃, adding a refining agent with the mass of 0.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, magnesium-strontium alloy, yttrium-magnesium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy, introducing argon for refining, controlling the air pressure at 0.35MPa, degassing for 16min, testing the components of the aluminum alloy melt after degassing is completed, and performing secondary slag removal after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified to complete the refining process;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 140 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 245 ℃, injecting the molten aluminum alloy treated in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting, wherein the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy at the beginning of mold filling is 0.30m/S, and the casting pressure is 58 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 30 percent, the flow rate of the molten liquid is 0.97m/s, and the casting pressure is 64 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 60 percent, the flow rate of the melt is increased to 1.70m/s, and the casting pressure is 70 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 90%, the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 1.95m/s, and the casting pressure is 74MPa until the mold filling and die casting are finished;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 544 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 60min, the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 28s, and the standing time after quenching is 3.5 h;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and performing aging treatment, wherein the processing steps are as follows: aging for one stage: the aging temperature is 125 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 100 min; and (2) aging for the second stage: the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 120 min; aging three stages: the aging temperature is 220 ℃, the aging treatment time is 4 hours, and the die casting is obtained after the aging treatment.
Example 3
The corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.9 percent of Si, 1.7 percent of Mg1.7 percent of Cu, 1.1 percent of Sr, 0.07 percent of Zn, 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.3 percent of Y, 0.04 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals, and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 743 ℃, stirring to completely melt the alloy, then adding electrolytic copper, aluminum-zinc alloy, iron-aluminum alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy, continuing to heat to 770-810 ℃, obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after all alloy elements are melted, stirring with a graphite rod and vibrating the molten metal, and discharging gas in the molten metal;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 758 ℃, spraying a refining agent with the mass of 0.27% of that of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for refining, standing for 7min after refining is completed, removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 773 ℃, adding a refining agent with the mass of 0.5% of that of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, magnesium-strontium alloy, yttrium-magnesium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy, introducing argon for refining, controlling the air pressure at 0.28MPa, degassing for 14min, inspecting the components of the aluminum alloy melt after degassing is completed, and performing secondary slag removal after the aluminum alloy liquid is qualified to finish the refining process;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 134 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 241 ℃, injecting the molten aluminum alloy treated in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting, wherein the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy at the beginning of mold filling is 0.28m/S, and the casting pressure is 55 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 30%, the flow rate of the molten liquid is 0.92m/s, and the casting pressure is 62 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the flow rate of the melt is increased to 1.68m/s, and the casting pressure is 67 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 90%, the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 1.91m/s, and the casting pressure is 72MPa until the mold filling and die casting are finished;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 537 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 55min, the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 28s, and the standing time after quenching is 3.5 h;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and performing aging treatment, wherein the processing steps are as follows: aging for one stage: the aging temperature is 116 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 97 min; and (2) aging for the second stage: the aging temperature is 152 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 111 min; aging three stages: the aging temperature is 209 ℃, the aging treatment time is 3.5h, and the die casting is obtained after the completion.
Comparative example 1
The composition, percentage of each component and process steps of the aluminum alloy are substantially the same as those of example 3, except that Sr element is not added to the composition.
Comparative example 2
The composition, percentage of each component and process steps of the aluminum alloy are substantially the same as those of example 3, except that no Y element is added to the composition.
Comparative example 3
The components, percentages of the components and process steps of the aluminum alloy are basically the same as those of the example 3, except that no Er element is added in the components.
Comparative example 4
The components, percentages of the components and process steps of the aluminum alloy are basically the same as those of the example 3, except that Sr, Y and Er elements are not added in the components.
The aluminum alloy die castings obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested in accordance with GB/T15114-.
TABLE 1 test results of tensile strength, elongation and Rockwell hardness of aluminum alloy die castings obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4
As can be seen from Table 1, the data for examples 1-3 are all better than the data for comparative examples 1-4. In examples 1 to 3, it can be seen from the data that example 3 is the most preferable example. Example 3 has an increase in tensile strength over comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 at 25 ℃ respectively: 11.7%, 10.2%, 12.5%, 55.6%; the elongation of example 3 is increased compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 23.7%, 26.3%, 29.9%, 56.0%. At 300 ℃, the tensile strength of example 3 is improved compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 25.1%, 17.5%, 30.5%, 63.0%; the elongation of example 3 is increased compared to comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively: 24.4%, 26.5%, 18.9%, 35.6%. The improvement rate of the performance shows that the aluminum alloy formula and the preparation method thereof can effectively improve the tensile strength, Rockwell hardness and elongation of the obtained aluminum alloy casting; in terms of tensile strength, the aluminum alloy of example 3 has a higher improvement rate at 300 ℃ than the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 4 at 25 ℃ and reflects a better combination property of the aluminum alloy casting of the present invention at high temperature. The performances of the comparative examples 1-4 are lower than those of the examples 1-3, and the added Sr, Y and Er elements play a role in improving the performances of the aluminum alloy castings.
In the added rare earth elements, Sr added into the aluminum alloy can play a role in modification, eutectic silicon and primary silicon in the alloy can be effectively refined, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The aluminum alloy added with Y has finer structure, can improve the oxidation resistance and the ductility of the casting, greatly improves the high-temperature corrosion resistance, and has the surface of the aluminum alloy casting after the Y is addedCan form a continuous and compact protective oxide film, can block the diffusion and the immersion of oxygen and sulfur, and improves the corrosion resistance of the casting. The addition of Er can form Al3Er can obviously refine the as-cast crystal grains of the alloy, inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent, improve the thermal stability of the alloy, simultaneously improve the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy in different heat treatment states, refine the dendritic crystal cell structure and improve the recrystallization temperature. Comparing the data of tensile strength of example 3 with those of comparative examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that three elements of Sr, Y and Er produce synergistic effect, and example 3 is improved by 20.9(199.3-178.4 ═ 20.9) compared with comparative example 1; example 3 is 18.4 higher than comparative example 2 (199.3-180.9 ═ 18.4); example 3 is 22.2 higher than comparative example 3 (199.3-177.1 ═ 22.2); example 3 is 71.2 higher than comparative example 4 (199.3-128.1 ═ 77.2); in which the sum of the data of example 3 subtracted by the data of comparative examples 1 to 3 was 61.5(20.9+18.4+ 22.2: 61.5), respectively, which was less than 71.2 (61.5) which was lower in example 3 than in comparative example 4 to which no Sr, Y, Er element was added (61.5)<71.2); the value of each group of comparative examples 1-3 is subtracted from the value of example 3 to be taken as an effect value, the effect value of the combined use of Sr, Y and Er elements in the aluminum alloy casting is increased by 15.77 percent compared with the rate alpha of (71.2-61.5) ÷ 61.5 multiplied by 100 percent to 15.77 percent of the sum of the effect values of the respective Sr, Y and Er elements in the aluminum alloy casting, namely the effect value is increased by 15.77 percent under the combined use condition, and the Sr, Y and Er elements generate corresponding synergistic action, so that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy casting is poor.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 to 7.6 percent of Si, 1.4 to 2.1 percent of Mg, 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.11 percent of Sr, 0.4 to 0.9 percent of Zn, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Y, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of other metal and nonmetal impurity elements and the balance of Al; the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 735-;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 750-;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 130-140 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 235-245 ℃, and injecting the aluminum alloy melt processed in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 532-;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and carrying out three-stage processing to obtain the die casting.
2. The corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.9 percent of Si, 1.7 percent of Mg, 1.1 percent of Cu, 0.07 percent of Sr, 0.6 percent of Zn, 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.3 percent of Y, 0.04 percent of Er, less than 0.5 percent of the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals and the balance of Al.
3. A method for producing a corrosion-resistant aluminum die-casting alloy for automobiles according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1: melting: adding pure aluminum, pure magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 735-;
s2: refining: adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 750-;
s3: standing: standing the refined aluminum alloy melt until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 700 ℃;
s4: die casting: preheating the die to 130-140 ℃, spraying a water-based release agent into the cavity of the die, continuously preheating the cavity of the die to 235-245 ℃, and injecting the aluminum alloy melt processed in the step S3 into the cavity of the die for die casting;
s5: solution quenching treatment: the quenching heating temperature is 532-;
s6: aging treatment: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy die casting processed in the step (S5) into an aging furnace, and carrying out three-stage processing to obtain the die casting.
4. The method for producing a corrosion-resistant aluminum die-cast alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt in step S2 is adjusted to 758 ℃ for refining.
5. The method for producing a corrosion-resistant aluminum die-cast alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the mass of the refining agent added in step S2 is 0.27% of the mass of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace.
6. The method for producing a corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the air pressure is controlled to 0.28MPa in step S2.
7. The method for preparing corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the cavity of the die is continuously preheated to 241 ℃ after spraying the aqueous release agent in step S4.
8. The method for preparing corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the die-casting process in the step S4 is:
the flow rate of the melt at the beginning of mold filling is 0.26-0.30m/s, and the casting pressure is 53-58 MPa; when the mold filling rate exceeds 30%, the flow rate of the molten liquid is 0.86-0.97m/s, and the casting pressure is 60-64 MPa; after the mold filling rate exceeds 60 percent, the flow rate of the melt is increased to 1.65-1.70m/s, and the casting pressure is 65-70 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 90%, the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 1.85-1.95m/s, and the casting pressure is 71-74MPa until the mold filling and die casting are finished.
9. The method for producing a corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the quenching heating temperature in step S5 is 537 ℃.
10. The method for preparing corrosion-resistant die-cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 3, wherein the three-stage aging treatment step of step S6 is:
aging for one stage: the aging temperature is 110-;
and (2) aging for the second stage: the aging temperature is 140-;
aging three stages: the aging temperature is 200-220 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 3-4 h.
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