CN106367637A - High- and low-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy for gear box of motor train unit and preparation method therefor - Google Patents
High- and low-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy for gear box of motor train unit and preparation method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106367637A CN106367637A CN201610738782.8A CN201610738782A CN106367637A CN 106367637 A CN106367637 A CN 106367637A CN 201610738782 A CN201610738782 A CN 201610738782A CN 106367637 A CN106367637 A CN 106367637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high- and low-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy for a gear box of a motor train unit and a preparation method therefor. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentages by weight: Mg, Cu, Zn, Si, B, Ti, Ni, Nd, Mn, Pt, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ge, Nb, Mo, Hf, and the balance of Al, wherein the single content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05% and the total content of the other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%. According to the alloy disclosed by the invention, the alloy components are reasonable, the process is optimized, and the obtained aluminum alloy has the advantages of being light in weight, high in strength, corrosion-resistant, high- and low-temperature-resistant, is unlikely to crack and the like, and can satisfy the performance requirements of the gear box of the motor train unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aluminum alloy technology, more particularly, to one kind are closed with high-low temperature resistant aluminum for EMUs gear-box
Gold and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, due to aluminium alloy have simultaneously higher
Intensity and good machine-shaping property, therefore for the weight of reduction component by a relatively large margin and improve the stablizing of structure
Property, can select to replace ferrous materials using aluminum alloy materials.At present, aluminium alloy is in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine-building, ship
Widely apply in oceangoing ship and chemical industry.Developing rapidly with industrial economy, increasing to the demand of aluminium alloy, so that aluminum is closed
The research of gold is also therewith deeply.At present, to there is resistant of high or low temperature poor for China's EMUs gear-box, the problems such as intensity difference.
Content of the invention
The technical problem being existed based on background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminum and closes
Gold and preparation method thereof, its reasonable composition, process optimization, the aluminium alloy obtaining has that lightweight, intensity is high, corrosion-resistant, resistance to height
Low temperature and the advantages of be less prone to crackle, can meet the performance requirement of EMUs gear-box.
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, its composition of described aluminium alloy by weight hundred
Divide to compare and include following components: mg:0.6-1.2%, cu:0.6-1.1%, zn:0.08-0.32%, si:5.5-7.2%, b:
0.07-0.18%, ti:0.09-0.25%, ni:0.01-0.06%, nd:0.01-0.08%, mn:0.2-0.95%, pt:
0.006-0.03%, cd:0.005-0.018%, sn:0.003-0.018%, cr:0.01-0.045%, ge:0.006-
0.024%th, nb:0.035-0.075%, mo:0.028-0.062%, hf:0.048-0.08%, other impurity elements are single to be contained
Amount≤0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of described mg, cu, si meets relationship below: 7wt%≤mg+cu+si≤9wt%.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of described ge, nb meet relationship below: 0.045wt%≤ge+nb≤
0.085wt%.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of described b, ti meets relationship below: 0.18wt%≤b+ti≤0.4wt%.
Preferably, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following components: mg:0.8-1%, cu:0.8- by weight percentage
0.9%th, zn:0.18-0.22%, si:6.3-6.5%, b:0.12-0.14%, ti:0.15-0.18%, ni:0.03-
0.05%th, nd:0.05-0.06%, mn:0.5-0.65%, pt:0.016-0.02%, cd:0.01-0.012%, sn:0.009-
0.012%th, cr:0.022-0.03%, ge:0.015-0.018%, nb:0.05-0.06%, mo:0.04-0.045%, hf:
0.06-0.07%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
Preferably, its composition of described aluminium alloy include by weight percentage following components: mg:0.9%, cu:0.86%,
Zn:0.2%, si:6.4%, b:0.13%, ti:0.16%, ni:0.04%, nd:0.056%, mn:0.58%, pt:
0.018%th, cd:0.011%, sn:0.011%, cr:0.025%, ge:0.016%, nb:0.054%, mo:0.042%, hf:
0.066%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
The invention allows for a kind of EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, concrete steps are such as
Under:
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 25-30min, throws in pure al into stove, be heated to 715-735 DEG C, treat that pure al melts
Constant temperature 30-40min after change, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, under stirring
Until completely melted, it is cooled to 670-690 DEG C of insulation 30-40min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 740-760 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, fully stirs
Stand 30-45min after mixing, skim;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 485-530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4-3.2h.
Preferably, in s2, described refining agent is to be blown in aluminium alloy by noble gases.
Preferably, in s2, its weight of described refining agent accounts for the 0.25%-0.4% of aluminium alloy gross weight.
Preferably, in s2, its raw material of described refining agent includes following components: potassium chloride 40-60 part, sulphuric acid by weight
Potassium 10-25 part, calcium fluoride 10-18 part, magnesium oxide 8-15 part, potassium fluoroaluminate 10-25 part, cryolite 5-10 part.
Add nd, mn to use cooperatively in the present invention, improve the high temperature performance of aluminium alloy, wherein nd can also improve aluminum and close
The air-tightness of gold and corrosion resistance, mn can improve flex stiffiness and the intensity of aluminium alloy;Mo, hf is added to use cooperatively, further
Improve the high and low temperature resistance of aluminium alloy, wherein mo improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, hf and ni uses cooperatively and suppresses secondary carbonization
Thing m23c6And m6The formation of c, thus improve aluminium alloy microstructure stability at high temperature;Add mg, si and control two
The content of person, reaction in al liquid generates hardening constituent mg2Si, improves the intensity of aluminium alloy;Add a small amount of cu, generate cual2
Phase and cu3al2Mutually there is the effect of ageing strengthening, the final intensity of aluminium alloy can be improved, cu and mg, al cooperate knot simultaneously
Close and form intensity and the high and low temperature resistance that s phase also can effectively improve aluminium alloy;For make up cu addition within the specific limits
The corrosion resistance that can bring declines, and the problems such as make mechanical properties decrease, and improves the performance of aluminium alloy other side, this
In invention, mg can coordinate toughness and the decay resistance improving aluminium alloy with mo, and mg also zn, pt cooperation can make aluminium alloy have
Good mechanical property, cu is cooperated with cr, ni, increased the resistance to corrosion of aluminium alloy, and cr can improve alloy casting simultaneously
State is organized, and improves plasticity and the processing characteristics of aluminium alloy;Add cd, sn, improve toughness and the ductility of aluminium alloy;Addition ge,
Nb, has the effect of crystal grain thinning moreover it is possible to the recrystallization behavior of suppression aluminium alloy, enables aluminum alloy to there is more excellent mechanical property
Energy;Add b, ti and control its content, effective crystal grain thinning, it is suppressed that the recrystallization of Deformation structure, effectively increases aluminium alloy
Mechanical property.In the present invention alloying component rationally, process optimization, the aluminium alloy obtaining has that lightweight, intensity is high, corrosion resistant
Erosion, high-low temperature resistant and the advantages of be less prone to crackle, can meet the performance requirement of EMUs gear-box.
Specific embodiment
Below, by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following by weight percentage
Component: mg:0.6%, cu:1.1%, zn:0.08%, si:7.2%, b:0.07%, ti:0.25%, ni:0.01%, nd:
0.08%th, mn:0.2%, pt:0.03%, cd:0.005%, sn:0.018%, cr:0.01%, ge:0.024%, nb:
0.035%th, mo:0.062%, hf:0.048%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, balance of al.
The EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 25min, into stove, throws in pure al, be heated to 735 DEG C, constant temperature after pure al fusing
30min, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, waits to be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, it is cooled to 690 DEG C of insulation 40min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 740 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 45min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 485 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 3.2h.
Embodiment 2
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following by weight percentage
Component: mg:0.75%, cu:0.96%, zn:0.14%, si:6.72%, b:0.096%, ti:0.225%, ni:0.02%,
Nd:0.064%, mn:0.37%, pt:0.025%, cd:0.008%, sn:0.015%, cr:0.022%, ge:0.021%,
Nb:0.042%, mo:0.051%, hf:0.052%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity elements are total
Content≤0.15%, balance of al.
The EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 28min, into stove, throws in pure al, be heated to 730 DEG C, constant temperature after pure al fusing
38min, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, waits to be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, it is cooled to 675 DEG C of insulation 33min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 745 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 33min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4h.
Wherein, in s2, described refining agent is to be blown in aluminium alloy by noble gases;
Its weight of described refining agent accounts for the 0.25% of aluminium alloy gross weight;
Its raw material of described refining agent includes following components: 40 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, calcium fluoride 10 by weight
Part, 15 parts of magnesium oxide, 10 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 10 parts of cryolite.
Embodiment 3
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following by weight percentage
Component: mg:0.9%, cu:0.86%, zn:0.2%, si:6.4%, b:0.13%, ti:0.16%, ni:0.04%, nd:
0.056%th, mn:0.58%, pt:0.018%, cd:0.011%, sn:0.011%, cr:0.025%, ge:0.016%, nb:
0.054%th, mo:0.042%, hf:0.066%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, balance of al.
The EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 27min, into stove, throws in pure al, be heated to 720 DEG C, constant temperature after pure al fusing
35min, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, waits to be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, it is cooled to 680 DEG C of insulation 35min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 750 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 35min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 505 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 1.85h.
Wherein, in s2, described refining agent is to be blown in aluminium alloy by noble gases;
Its weight of described refining agent accounts for the 0.3% of aluminium alloy gross weight;
Its raw material of described refining agent includes following components: 50 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, calcium fluoride 15 by weight
Part, 10 parts of magnesium oxide, 20 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 7.5 parts of cryolite.
Embodiment 4
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following by weight percentage
Component: mg:1.2%, cu:0.6%, zn:0.32%, si:5.5%, b:0.18%, ti:0.09%, ni:0.06%, nd:
0.01%th, mn:0.95%, pt:0.006%, cd:0.018%, sn:0.003%, cr:0.045%, ge:0.006%, nb:
0.075%th, mo:0.028%, hf0.08%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total contents≤
0.15%, balance of al.
The EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 30min, into stove, throws in pure al, be heated to 715 DEG C, constant temperature after pure al fusing
40min, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, waits to be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, it is cooled to 670 DEG C of insulation 30min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 760 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 45min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 520 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 1.2h.
Embodiment 5
A kind of EMUs gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, its composition of described aluminium alloy includes following by weight percentage
Component: mg:1.12%, cu:0.72%, zn:0.26%, si:5.8%, b:0.14%, ti:0.13%, ni:0.046%, nd:
0.025%th, mn:0.67%, pt:0.014%, cd:0.013%, sn:0.008%, cr:0.034%, ge:0.011%, nb:
0.066%th, mo:0.034%, hf:0.066%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element, other impurity element total contents
≤ 0.15%, balance of al.
The EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy proposed by the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 29min, into stove, throws in pure al, be heated to 730 DEG C, constant temperature after pure al fusing
32min, then by fusing point height, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, waits to be completely melt under stirring
Afterwards, it is cooled to 685 DEG C of insulation 38min, obtain aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 755 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 42min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs
Gear-box high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 495 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 2.5h.
Wherein, in s2, described refining agent is to be blown in aluminium alloy by noble gases;
Its weight of described refining agent accounts for the 0.4% of aluminium alloy gross weight;
Its raw material of described refining agent includes following components: 60 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, calcium fluoride 18 by weight
Part, 8 parts of magnesium oxide, 25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate, 5 parts of cryolite.
With high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, performance survey is carried out at ambient pressure to EMUs gear-box described in embodiment of the present invention 1-5
Examination, test result is as follows:
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technology according to the present invention scheme and its
Inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that described aluminium alloy its composition percentage by weight
Ratio includes following components: mg:0.6-1.2%, cu:0.6-1.1%, zn:0.08-0.32%, si:5.5-7.2%, b:0.07-
0.18%th, ti:0.09-0.25%, ni:0.01-0.06%, nd:0.01-0.08%, mn:0.2-0.95%, pt:0.006-
0.03%th, cd:0.005-0.018%, sn:0.003-0.018%, cr:0.01-0.045%, ge:0.006-0.024%, nb:
0.035-0.075%, mo:0.028-0.062%, hf:0.048-0.08%, single content≤0.05% of other impurity element,
Other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
2. according to claim 1 EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that described mg, cu, si
Percentage by weight meets relationship below: 7wt%≤mg+cu+si≤9wt%.
3. according to claim 1 EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that the weight of described ge, nb
Amount percentage ratio meets relationship below: 0.045wt%≤ge+nb≤0.085wt%.
4. according to claim 1 EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that the weight of described b, ti
Percentage ratio meets relationship below: 0.18wt%≤b+ti≤0.4wt%.
5. according to claim 1 EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that described aluminium alloy its one-tenth
Divide and include following components: mg:0.8-1%, cu:0.8-0.9%, zn:0.18-0.22%, si:6.3- by weight percentage
6.5%th, b:0.12-0.14%, ti:0.15-0.18%, ni:0.03-0.05%, nd:0.05-0.06%, mn:0.5-
0.65%th, pt:0.016-0.02%, cd:0.01-0.012%, sn:0.009-0.012%, cr:0.022-0.03%, ge:
0.015-0.018%, nb:0.05-0.06%, mo:0.04-0.045%, hf:0.06-0.07%, other impurity elements are single
Content≤0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
6. according to claim 5 EMUs gear-box with high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that described aluminium alloy its one-tenth
Divide and include following components: mg:0.9%, cu:0.86%, zn:0.2%, si:6.4%, b:0.13%, ti by weight percentage:
0.16%th, ni:0.04%, nd:0.056%, mn:0.58%, pt:0.018%, cd:0.011%, sn:0.011%, cr:
0.025%th, ge:0.016%, nb:0.054%, mo:0.042%, hf:0.066%, the single content of other impurity element≤
0.05%, other impurity element total content≤0.15%, balance of al.
7. a kind of EMUs gear-box preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy as any one of claim 1-6, its
It is characterised by, specifically comprise the following steps that
S1, melting: smelting furnace is preheated 25-30min, throws in pure al into stove, be heated to 715-735 DEG C, after pure al fusing
Constant temperature 30-40min, then by fusing point, order from low to high sequentially adds other each raw materials, treats to melt completely under stirring
After change, it is cooled to 670-690 DEG C of insulation 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy;
S2, refine: adjustment furnace temperature, to 740-760 DEG C, adds refining agent in the aluminium alloy then obtaining in s1, after being sufficiently stirred for
Standing 30-45min, skims;
S3, casting: the aluminium alloy after s2 refine is poured in the mold cavity after preheating and obtains aluminium alloy ingots;
S4, heat treatment: aluminium alloy ingots is carried out solution treatment, then carries out natural aging treatment, obtain described EMUs gear
Case high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy, wherein solid solution temperature are 485-530 DEG C, and the solution treatment time is 0.4-3.2h.
8. according to claim 7 EMUs gear-box with the preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that in s2
In, described refining agent is to be blown in aluminium alloy by noble gases.
9. according to claim 7 EMUs gear-box with the preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that in s2
In, its weight of described refining agent accounts for the 0.25%-0.4% of aluminium alloy gross weight.
10. according to claim 7 EMUs gear-box with the preparation method of high-low temperature resistant aluminium alloy it is characterised in that
In s2, its raw material of described refining agent includes following components: potassium chloride 40-60 part, potassium sulfate 10-25 part, calcium fluoride by weight
10-18 part, magnesium oxide 8-15 part, potassium fluoroaluminate 10-25 part, cryolite 5-10 part.
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CN114990375A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material for thin-wall part and preparation method thereof |
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