CN106366358A - 聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜 - Google Patents

聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜 Download PDF

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CN106366358A
CN106366358A CN201610816248.4A CN201610816248A CN106366358A CN 106366358 A CN106366358 A CN 106366358A CN 201610816248 A CN201610816248 A CN 201610816248A CN 106366358 A CN106366358 A CN 106366358A
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film
mulching film
starch
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满东岭
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Qian'an City Long Geng Plastic Products Co
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    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
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    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
    • C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，由60份淀粉、10份PVA、5份LDPE、5份LLDPE、5份m‑LLDPE、10份生物降解母粒、5份光敏剂制备而成；本发明的优点在于：降解速度快，能够提高土壤温度，保持土壤水分，维持土壤结构，防止害虫侵袭作物和某些微生物引起的病害。

Description

聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚乙烯地膜，具体地说是一种聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，属于聚乙烯地膜领域。
背景技术
由于塑料薄膜的降解时间长达二三百年，塑料地膜较薄，用后易破碎在农田中并夹杂了大量的沙土，很难回收利用“白色革命”的功臣已渐变为“白色污染”的祸首，且这一情况正在进一步恶化。为充分利用地膜的增产作用，并消除塑料地膜带来的农田地力下降和环境污染等不良影响。
生物降解地膜可分为化学合成高分子基地膜、天然高分子基地膜两大类。天然高分子基地膜主要有淀粉基地膜，其中玉米淀粉基地膜，成分为玉米淀粉为主，包括PVA(聚乙烯醇类)脂肪类聚酯类化合物等，收获后2～3个月就能自行分解。填充型淀粉生物降解塑料的淀粉含量为7％～30％，其降解性仅限于其中的淀粉部分，不能降解其中的塑料成分。美国利用一种可降解的聚已内酯(PCL)合成型高分子，生产出不同级别的化学合成高分子型生物降解地膜。法国研究较多的是聚酯类地膜与淀粉和聚酯混合型地膜，聚酯类地膜的原料主要来源于石油产品，淀粉主要采用玉米淀粉。但是，尽管这些薄膜能够降解但都存在加工困难、力学性能和耐水性能差的问题，难以推广和应用。光降解地膜可分为添加型光降解地膜和合成型光降解地膜两大类。
光降解地膜主要采用在合成树脂中加入光敏剂的方法使之降解该技术我国采用了与国外相近的工艺路线，目前已达到规模化生产的水平。由于光降解地膜降解速度很难控制，降解速度快，再加上这种地膜只有在光下才能降解，而埋在土壤里的部分因见不到阳光而不能分解，降解后碎片不易继续粉化或被土壤同化污染土壤问题仍未得到根本解决。因此它的使用很受限制。另外成本比普通膜高，使推广应用受到限制。
光/生物降解地膜是利用自然界中的微生物对地膜侵蚀或者是利用太阳光氧化的作用而达到的降解，细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物侵蚀塑料薄膜后，由于细胞的增长使聚合物组分水解、电离或质子化，发生机械性破坏，分裂成低聚物碎片。真菌或细菌分泌的酶是水溶性聚合物分解和氧化降解成水溶性碎片，生成新的小分子化合物直至最终分解成CO2和H2O，充分促进植物生长功能。名称为“淀粉/聚乙烯改性母料”申请号为“95111358.5”的中国发明专利公开了一种淀粉/聚乙烯改性母料，包括聚乙烯27～50％(重量)、淀粉47～70％(重量)、马来酸酐或马来酸酯0.1～3％(重量)、助熔剂1～3％(重量)、以及交联剂0.1～1％(重量)。该母料主要用作双降解塑料薄膜的原料，所得双降解膜强度好，降解完全，可用作农膜、工业包装膜和一次性生活用膜等。然而，该产品的性能较低，不能满足生产需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，设计了一种聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，降解速度快，能够提高土壤温度，保持土壤水分，维持土壤结构，防止害虫侵袭作物和某些微生物引起的病害。
本发明的技术方案为：
聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：
60份淀粉、10份PVA、5份LDPE、5份LLDPE、5份m-LLDPE、10份生物降解母粒、5份光敏剂。
本发明光/生物降解地膜(又称双降解地膜)，是将微生物敏感物质淀粉，与合成树脂“共混型”技术路线，主要原材料是以60％淀粉、10％PVA，同时向体系内引入光敏剂等一系列助剂组成的配方体系。
本发明光/生物降解地膜根据不同的农作物生长期、不同降解诱导期的要求，利用原料配方的比例实现对降解地膜的可控性。在微生物、氧、光等自然条件作用下，完成了对农作物保温、保墒、除草等功能后，通过光敏剂的敏化作用，将合成树脂降解为低分子化合物，加入微生物敏感物质自然被微生物降解。同时，由于制品上聚集的微生物能够作用于生成的低分子化合物，使聚合物最终为土壤同化。
本发明光/生物降解地膜降解诱导期50天后全部开始降解，能把地膜降解成小颗粒，逐步分解成为细微粉末，直至完全降解成为水和二氧化碳，实现对农田环境的无害化。
本发明的优点在于：降解速度快，能够提高土壤温度，保持土壤水分，维持土壤结构，防止害虫侵袭作物和某些微生物引起的病害。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
除非另有说明，本发明中所采用的百分数均为重量百分数。
实施例1
聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：
60份淀粉、10份PVA、5份LDPE、5份LLDPE、5份m-LLDPE、10份生物降解母粒、5份光敏剂。
地理物理机械力学性能见下表
降解实验结果见下表
本发明中所用原料均为本领域生产中常用原料，均可从市场中得到，且对于生产结果不会产生影响；本发明中所采用的各种设备，均为本领域生产工艺中使用的常规设备，且各设备的操作、参数等均按照常规操作进行，并无特别之处。

Claims (1)

1.聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：
60份淀粉、10份PVA、5份LDPE、5份LLDPE、5份m-LLDPE、10份生物降解母粒、5份光敏剂。
CN201610816248.4A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 聚乙烯多功能光、生物双降解地膜 Pending CN106366358A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107759886A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-06 马鞍山松鹤信息科技有限公司 一种大棚种植专用膜及其制备方法
CN108359141A (zh) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-03 广西厚思品牌策划顾问有限公司 一种环保地膜及其制备方法
CN109776875A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-05-21 合肥信达膜科技有限公司 一种陶瓷膜环保包装配方及其生产工艺
CN111718551A (zh) * 2020-07-08 2020-09-29 浙江晟祺实业有限公司 一种基于生物基质的可降解包装材料的制备工艺

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CN1611531A (zh) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-04 阿图什市天人商贸有限责任公司 淀粉基生物降解薄膜材料及其生产方法
CN1640917A (zh) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-20 张涛 修饰淀粉基生物降解薄膜材料生产新技术
CN102329435A (zh) * 2011-07-23 2012-01-25 佛山市衡龙科技有限公司 一种复合全降解农用地膜材料及其制备工艺
CN102492203A (zh) * 2011-12-06 2012-06-13 东莞市川森环保塑料有限公司 光-生物双降解环保农地膜
CN104031313A (zh) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-10 柳州市汉森机械制造有限公司 塑料地膜
CN104059372A (zh) * 2014-06-29 2014-09-24 柳江县联华纸制品厂 可降解包装袋
CN105001568A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-10-28 柳州蔚园塑料彩印包装有限责任公司 一种可降解地膜及其制备方法

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CN1611531A (zh) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-04 阿图什市天人商贸有限责任公司 淀粉基生物降解薄膜材料及其生产方法
CN1640917A (zh) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-20 张涛 修饰淀粉基生物降解薄膜材料生产新技术
CN102329435A (zh) * 2011-07-23 2012-01-25 佛山市衡龙科技有限公司 一种复合全降解农用地膜材料及其制备工艺
CN102492203A (zh) * 2011-12-06 2012-06-13 东莞市川森环保塑料有限公司 光-生物双降解环保农地膜
CN104031313A (zh) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-10 柳州市汉森机械制造有限公司 塑料地膜
CN104059372A (zh) * 2014-06-29 2014-09-24 柳江县联华纸制品厂 可降解包装袋
CN105001568A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-10-28 柳州蔚园塑料彩印包装有限责任公司 一种可降解地膜及其制备方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107759886A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-06 马鞍山松鹤信息科技有限公司 一种大棚种植专用膜及其制备方法
CN108359141A (zh) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-03 广西厚思品牌策划顾问有限公司 一种环保地膜及其制备方法
CN109776875A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-05-21 合肥信达膜科技有限公司 一种陶瓷膜环保包装配方及其生产工艺
CN111718551A (zh) * 2020-07-08 2020-09-29 浙江晟祺实业有限公司 一种基于生物基质的可降解包装材料的制备工艺

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