CN106366333B - 一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法 - Google Patents

一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法 Download PDF

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CN106366333B
CN106366333B CN201610766381.3A CN201610766381A CN106366333B CN 106366333 B CN106366333 B CN 106366333B CN 201610766381 A CN201610766381 A CN 201610766381A CN 106366333 B CN106366333 B CN 106366333B
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quaternary ammonium
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但卫华
陈宁
陈一宁
但年华
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,其方法是采用含有活性醛基的氧化壳聚糖季铵盐在一定条件下交联胶原,以共价键的形式将壳聚糖季铵盐引入到胶原中,本方法交联胶原可在改善胶原的使用性能、保持胶原生物相容性的基础上,赋予胶原双重抗菌抑菌性能,为新一代抗菌性与生物相容性俱佳的胶原材料的制备开辟出了新途径。该方法可用于生物材料的制备中。

Description

一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,属于生物医用材料领域。
背景技术
胶原是细胞外基质的主要组成部分,是动物体内含量最多、分布最广的蛋白质,富含于动物的皮、骨骼、肌腱、内脏细胞间质、韧带、血管、巩膜等部位之中。胶原具有低的免疫原性、低刺激性、低细胞毒性、良好的生物相容性、良好的促进细胞生长的性能以及生物可降解性等诸多优点,在生物医学领域中的应用日益广泛。但同时胶原也具有物理机械性能差、不耐降解性、易感染微生物等缺点,往往需要交联及功能化来改善。
细菌、真菌等病原微生物感染常常引发机体组织病变,严重威胁着人类的身心健康,在创伤、烧伤、手术治疗中,细菌感染可造成严重后果,甚至死亡。在生物医药材料的应用历程中,限制其进一步发展与应用的原因即在于生物医用材料的感染,细菌在材料表面黏附、生长是生物材料相关感染难以治疗的根本原因。因此,开发具有良好抗菌效果的医用抗菌材料和制品势在必行。具有抗菌作用的生物医用材料可通过阻隔病原微生物、将其抑制或杀灭,从而有效降低机体感染的风险。制备具有抗菌抑菌作用的生物医用材料可通过向材料中引入具有抗菌抑菌功能的官能团或物质来实现,即可通过向材料添加或复合抗菌抑菌剂。抗菌剂包括无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然生物抗菌剂三大类型。目前在生物医用材料中运用较广泛的抗菌剂主要有壳聚糖与季铵盐。
壳聚糖是目前自然界广泛存在的唯一一种带正电荷的单体物质,由于它具有抗菌性、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力等功能,以及无毒、可降解和可再生等特性而备受关注。作为抗菌剂,壳聚糖及其衍生物可抑制多种细菌真菌的生长,国内外对于壳聚糖及其抗菌性的研究比较多,其机理和应用比较广泛。同时,壳聚糖生物相容性十分优良,故常常单独或与其它医用生物材料复合,以赋予材料以抗菌/抑菌性能。与材料物理复合而不通过共价作用结合,可能由于清洗或其他物理作用造成基团游离,影响其功效。
季铵盐也是一种常用的抗菌剂,它为铵离子中的四个氢原子都被烃基取代而生成的化合物,是一种阳离子表面活性剂,具有良好的杀菌性能,其杀菌有效部分为有机根与氮原子结合成的阳离子集团。由于季铵盐具有抗菌力强、广谱抗菌、方便易得等特点,季铵盐制备的抗菌材料具有较好的抗菌性能,在医疗、水处理、食品等很多方面得到应用。但季铵盐在用作生物医用材料抗菌的同时可能对材料的生物相容性造成不良影响,故季铵盐单独在生物医用材料中的应用范围比较狭窄。
壳聚糖季铵盐是壳聚糖的衍生物之一,是通过对壳聚糖进行季铵化处理而得到的,它继承了壳聚糖良好的生物相容性,同时具有优良的溶解性,更强的抗菌性能,是一类较理想的抗菌材料(钟婧,洪艳,陈勇.壳聚糖季铵盐的最新研究进展. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,12(6):1115-1118)。壳聚糖季铵盐包含了壳聚糖与季铵盐各自的抗菌官能团,有机地结合了两者的抗菌抑菌性,由于包含了壳聚糖天然糖类的结构单元,可克服季铵盐生物相容性差的特点,是一种抗菌抑菌性强、生物相容性良好的半天然抗菌剂。由于医用生物材料的特殊性,理想的抗菌/抑菌材料需要满足两点:①良好的生物相容性;②优异的抗菌性能。相对而言,壳聚糖季铵盐,有望满足以上要求。
壳聚糖季铵盐生物相容性好,抗菌性优良,但其与胶原之间的作用力较弱,难以直接形成较强的共价键。单纯的物理共混可在一定程度上改善胶原的使用性能,赋予抗菌抑菌性,但往往难以达到使用要求。采用碳化二亚胺作为反应媒介,可将壳聚糖季铵盐与胶原共价连接,但由于两种分子的空间位阻都影响较大,导致交联程度低,且可能产生副产物等影响,也不能较好的满足需要。通过选择性氧化可制备氧化壳聚糖季铵盐,将壳聚糖中部分的氨基和羟基氧化成醛基,从而能够赋予壳聚糖季铵盐以反应性,能够与胶原上的氨基形成较强的共价交联。采用氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原,可以化学结合的方式将壳聚糖季铵盐引入胶原材料中,在交联的同时进行功能化,即在改善材料使用性能的同时赋予胶原类材料抗菌抑菌性。这种交联的方法既综合了壳聚糖与季铵盐优良的抗菌抑菌性能,又比单纯复合具有更加持久与安全的特点,且可改善胶原材料的一系列使用性能;此外,由于氧化壳聚糖季铵盐为天然糖类的衍生物,保留了天然糖类的结构,因而也保留了良好的生物相容性。因此,采用氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原是制备新一代抗菌型胶原材料的有效方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供的一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,它是由以下技术措施来实现的。
1.一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,其特征是:
(1)溶解胶原:称取100重量份的胶原(以干重计),在0~4℃条件下,将其加入到10000~200000重量份的pH3.0~6.5的醋酸溶液或醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,振摇或搅拌使其完全溶解;
(2)氧化壳聚糖季铵盐溶液的配制:称取1~20重量份的氧化度为2%~98%的氧化壳聚糖季铵盐,溶于20~1000重量份的pH3.0~6.5的醋酸溶液或醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌或振摇至其完全溶解;
(3)交联:将氧化壳聚糖季铵盐溶液缓慢加入到胶原溶液中,并在加入的同时振摇或搅拌,在0~10℃条件下,保持振摇或搅拌反应1~48小时;
(4)后处理:向反应液中加入0.1~2重量份的氨基酸,在0~10℃条件下,保持振摇或搅拌反应1~12小时;
(5)透析:将反应液直接注入透析袋(截留分子量为3500~14000Da)中,在超纯水或注射水中透析2~5天;
(6)成形:可根据不同的使用需求,将胶原溶液干燥成胶原海绵或胶原膜。
2.权利要求1所述的一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,其特征在于该方法可用于抗菌型胶原类生物医学材料的制备中。
本发明具有以下的优点:
(1)氧化壳聚糖季铵盐继承了壳聚糖与季铵盐各自的优良抗菌抑菌性,克服了壳聚糖水溶性差和渗透性差的缺点,并具有活泼的反应性,在交联胶原的同时可赋予胶原良好的使用性能与优异的抗菌抑菌性能;
(2)氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原得到的材料对致病微生物具有明显的抗菌抑菌效果,能在较长的时间内保持抗菌性能;
(2)氧化壳聚糖季铵盐是壳聚糖的衍生物,继承了其优良生物相容性的特点,采用氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原可保证胶原材料的良好的生物相容性,对生命体无毒无害,对环境友好,克服了一般抗菌剂对材料生物相容性造成不良影响的缺陷;
(3)通过氧化壳聚糖季铵盐与胶原交联,可在赋予材料抗菌抑菌性的同时改善材料的耐热稳定性、力学性能、耐降解性能等各项基本使用性能,并降低胶原的抗原性;
(4)采用不同氧化度或不用用量的氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原,可制备降解性可控的胶原材料,可按需调节胶原的降解性;
(5)本方法交联的步骤简单,交联条件低,交联过程易于实施。
本方法采用氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原,在保证了交联性、使用性的同时赋予胶原优异的抗菌性能,兼顾胶原材料的生物相容性,构建了双重抗菌/抑菌系统,是一种可行性强,极具潜力的新型交联与功能化的方法。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,而不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
(1)在4℃条件将I型胶原溶解在乙酸-乙酸钠溶液中(0.5M,pH4)配制成5mg/mL的I型胶原溶液;
(2)将氧化度为75%的氧化O-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵N-三甲基壳聚糖配制成浓度为0.4mg/mL的溶液,并在4℃条件下将其逐滴加入到5mg/mL的 I型胶原溶液中,使最终质量浓度为胶原浓度的5%;
(3)在4℃下磁力搅拌反应 24h;
(4)向溶液中加入浓度为10mg/mL的赖氨酸溶液,使其最终质量浓度为胶原浓度的1%,在4℃下磁力搅拌反应6h;
(5)将胶原溶液注入截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,在注射水中透析3d,每隔8h换注射水;
(6)将交联后的胶原使用冷冻干燥机冻干成胶原海绵。
实施例2
(1)称取胶原3克,在4℃下溶解于3000 ml pH5.0的醋酸溶液中;
(2)称取氧化度为40%的氧化N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐0.5克,置于盛有50mlpH5.0的醋酸溶液中,振摇使其完全溶解;
(3)将氧化壳聚糖季铵盐溶液缓慢滴加至胶原溶液中,在4℃条件下保持搅拌反应12小时;
(4)向胶原溶液中加入0.06克甘氨酸,在4℃条件下保持搅拌反应8小时;
(5)将反应液注入截留分子量为5000Da的透析袋中,在超纯水中透析5天,每12小时换超纯水;
(6)将透析后的胶原溶液风干成胶原膜。

Claims (2)

1.一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,其特征是:
(1)溶解胶原:以干重计,称取100重量份的胶原,在0~4℃条件下,将其加入到10000~200000重量份的pH=3.0~6.5的醋酸溶液或醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,振摇或搅拌使其完全溶解;
(2)氧化壳聚糖季铵盐溶液的配制:称取1~20重量份的氧化度为2%~98%的氧化壳聚糖季铵盐,溶于20~1000重量份的pH3.0~6.5的醋酸溶液或醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌或振摇至其完全溶解;
(3)交联:将氧化壳聚糖季铵盐溶液缓慢加入到胶原溶液中,并在加入的同时振摇或搅拌,在0~10℃条件下,保持振摇或搅拌反应1~48小时;
(4)后处理:向反应液中加入0.1~2重量份的氨基酸,在0~10℃条件下,保持振摇或搅拌反应1~12小时;
(5)透析:将反应液直接注入透析袋中,透析袋的截留分子量为3500~14000Da,在超纯水或注射水中透析2~5天;
(6)成形:可根据不同的使用需求,将胶原溶液干燥成胶原海绵或胶原膜。
2.权利要求1所述的一种氧化壳聚糖季铵盐交联胶原的方法,其特征在于该方法可用于抗菌型胶原类生物医学材料的制备中。
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