CN106362208B - 一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法 Download PDF

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CN106362208B
CN106362208B CN201610844439.1A CN201610844439A CN106362208B CN 106362208 B CN106362208 B CN 106362208B CN 201610844439 A CN201610844439 A CN 201610844439A CN 106362208 B CN106362208 B CN 106362208B
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xanthan gum
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陶咏真
张如权
徐卫林
汤舒嵋
柏自奎
周应山
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备丝素‑黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法,属于天然高分子材料技术领域。制备方法采用将不同质量比的丝素粉体和黄原胶溶解在NaOH水溶液中,所得丝素和黄原胶溶液与三偏磷酸钠水溶液在37℃温度下交联反应30min~5h后,用1‑(3‑二甲氨基丙基)‑3‑乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N‑羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化,在37℃温度下继续交联反应2~48h,得丝素‑黄原胶水凝胶支架。本发明方法操作简便,所用原材料来源丰富,所使用的交联剂具有水溶性且无毒,而且所制得的支架材料具有药物可控释放,力学性能良好且生物相容性好,该丝素‑黄原胶水凝胶可用于制备水凝胶纤维、3D打印人工组织支架及药物控制释放载体。

Description

一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法。属于天然高分子材料技术领域,这种丝素-黄原胶水凝胶三维贯通多孔支架可广泛应用于组织工程材料和生物医用材料及药物可控释放等行业。
背景技术
高分子水凝胶具有一定弹性、三维贯通多孔结构,适合模拟细胞外基质、提供适合细胞生长所需的三维微环境及细胞和细胞外基质之间的生物物理信号,维持细胞正常表型与生理功能。水凝胶是能迅速吸收并保持大量水分而不溶于水的三维网状聚合物材料,但普通结构的水凝胶材料往往在较低含水量时具有一定的机械性能,而在较高含水量时力学性能显著下降,从而影响了水凝胶材料的进一步开发应用。要满足水凝胶的应用要求,设计和合成的水凝胶就必须具有较高的机械强度,因此如何提高水凝胶力学强度和韧性成为研究热点,且为开拓水凝胶更广阔的应用前景提供技术基础。
黄原胶是由D-葡聚糖、D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖醛酸、乙酸和丙酮酸构成的“五糖重复单元”连接而成的线性水溶性天然多糖。以黄原胶为原料所制备的水凝胶亲水性强、无毒、可降解、生物相容性好,常用作高吸水性树脂、药物载体和微胶囊等,在生物医用领域具有广泛的应用前景。黄原胶生物大分子易于通过氢键形成双螺旋结构,这些双螺旋结构通过分子间作用力,如静电力、氢键以及链间缠结进一步形成网络状的物理交联水凝胶。然而,黄原胶物理水凝胶存在的问题是:易溶于水,耐水性及力学性能差,容易损坏。黄原胶侧链上的葡萄糖醛酸和丙酮酸基团及整个分子主链结构中的大量羟基,有利于黄原胶的化学修饰及改性。三偏磷酸钠是一种食品添加剂,具有水溶性且无毒,在生理温度(37℃)及弱碱性条件下,可用作酯化试剂与多糖上的羟基发生化学交联反应形成不溶于水且力学性能大大提高的水凝胶。黄原胶水凝胶刚性质脆,易碎,可通过在黄原胶分子网络中引入另一种聚合物形成互穿网络,借助强迫互溶和协同效应,从而进一步改善黄原胶水凝胶的力学性能。近年来,研究者针对如何提高水凝胶的力学性能进行了大量研究,出现了几类具有新颖结构和优良力学性能的高强度水凝胶材料,如复合水凝胶、纤维增强水凝胶、滑动环水凝胶和双网络水凝胶等。其中纤维增强水凝胶与纤维增强塑料类似,高模量的纤维可吸收基体凝胶断裂时的断裂能,从而极大地提高凝胶的强度和韧性。此外,纵观生物界,很多海洋植物的组织(如海藻)就是一种天然的纤维增强多糖水凝胶,诸多海洋动物是由蛋白纤维和蛋白聚糖网络形成的水凝胶复合体系。在人体组织中,软骨、角膜、真皮等都属于纤维增强水凝胶结构。因此基于纤维增强水凝胶的研究,可促进具有生物水凝胶相同结构和性能的新型水凝胶材料的开发和应用。蚕丝是一种天然蛋白纤维,力学性能优良,具有良好的韧性和强度,生物相容性好,在组织工程及生物医药领域的研究及应用活跃。利用碳二亚胺化学,黄原胶分子链上的羧基和丝素蛋白分子链上的氨基可发生酰化反应,从而制备得到高强度水凝胶复合材料。
基于以上分析,结合丝素蛋白与黄原胶的优点,经三偏磷酸钠和碳二亚胺化学交联的复合生物医用水凝胶支架材料的制备存在着极大的优势。该水凝胶不仅可提供维持细胞生长的微环境且具有高强度、高粘度和剪切变稀的特性,适合可注射性和3D打印特征,从而有望应用于生物医学及组织工程领域。丝素-黄原胶水凝胶作为一种良好的支架材料,不仅仅取决于它的生物相容性及可生物降解性,更重要的是它的独特化学结构及高强度、高粘度、剪切变稀且剪切力去掉后迅速恢复高粘度的特性,因此优于合成高分子水凝胶。丝素-黄原胶水凝胶在组织工程、药物控制释放、3D打印等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
正因为天然高分子复合水凝胶存在极大的应用价值,因此其制备及应用开发成为目前国内、外研究热点之一。研制理想的人工支架材料代替器官移植手术修复组织缺损或病变,是生物材料科学和医学领域的重要课题之一。3D生物打印领域的重要突破口就是设计出满足多重生物打印需求的水凝胶材料。目前商业打印凝胶包括天然多糖、丝素蛋白和多肽等,都不能很好的兼顾快速打印成型和高强度着两大需求。例如:中国专利公开号为CN102836465A,公开日为2012年12月26日,发明名称为“一种注射用丝素蛋透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备与应用”的申请案。该申请案公开了通过在透明质酸和交联剂的体系中加入丝素蛋白微球,交联后得到透明质酸包裹丝素蛋白颗粒的凝胶材料,丝素的加入有效延缓了水凝胶的降解速度及有效性,并提高了水凝胶的强度。该方法的缺点在于:丝素蛋白颗粒与透明质酸水凝胶之间仅依靠物理作用,没有化学键的交联,因此该复合水凝胶的安全性和机械强度有待一步提高。
发明内容
针对上述技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种工艺简便,污染小,具有良好的力学性能、药物可控性释放、良好的生物相容性、生物降解性的制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法,由该方法所得产品可快速成型、可注射、可3D打印。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法,所述的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
a将蚕丝在0.5wt%的Na2CO3水溶液中煮沸40min,用去离子水清洗甩干后得到丝素蛋白纤维,真空干燥,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为12h,将干燥后的丝素蛋白纤维磨制成平均粒径不大于3微米的丝素粉体。
b将经a步骤得到的丝素粉体分散在在pH值为12~14的NaOH水溶液中,搅拌2h后制备成浓度为0.5%~10%w/v的丝素均匀悬浮液。
c将黄原胶加入到经b步骤得到的丝素均匀悬浮液中,搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,黄原胶的浓度为0.5%~5%w/v,丝素与黄原胶的质量比为1:10~20:1。
d将三偏磷酸钠溶解在去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,得浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液。
e将经d步骤得到的浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液加入至经c步骤得到的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,其中丝素-黄原胶溶胶液与三偏磷酸钠水溶液的体积比为25:10,快速搅拌5min,在37℃温度下交联反应30min~5h,得三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶。
f将12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到e步骤得到的三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应2~48h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架。
由于采用了以上技术方案,本发明的技术方案针对丝素和黄原胶的结构特点,采用水溶性、无毒的三偏磷酸钠酯化交联及碳二亚胺化学同时交联制备药物可控释放且力学性能良好的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,将药物或细胞生长因子包埋在该水凝胶支架中,利用丝素与黄原胶的含量比例来调节水凝胶的力学性能及多孔结构的孔径大小。黄原胶具有高粘度,剪切变稀,去掉外力迅速恢复高粘度的特点,适合可注射或3D打印的需求。黄原胶以双螺旋链形成的刚性聚集体构象存在,丝素蛋白粉体均匀分布在这些双螺旋链有序排列的聚集体的孔隙处,三偏磷酸钠沿着螺旋链周围发生酯化交联形成黄原胶分子网络,黄原胶与丝素蛋白之间通过碳二亚胺化学交联,从而制备得到双交联网络的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,丝素粉体(粉体粒径小于3微米)的存在及交联反应对黄原胶的双螺旋结构无显著影响,丝素蛋白与黄原胶之间的交联对水凝胶的强度有良好的增强效果。
本发明制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法与已有技术相比具有以下优点:
本发明制备方法具有操作简单,成本低廉,原料来源丰富,所使用的原料之一黄原胶分子链上存在大量羟基,在生理温度(37℃)及弱碱性条件下,可与三偏磷酸钠酯化交联形成水凝胶;利用碳二亚胺化学,黄原胶分子侧链上的羧基与丝素蛋白分子链上的氨基可发生酰化交联。由此制备方法得到的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用作药物载体时可控制药物缓慢释放,提高药效;作为组织工程支架材料时可装载细胞生长因子且模拟细胞外基质控制细胞生长因子缓慢释放的功能,从而诱导细胞增殖分化成再生组织,并且丝素蛋白粉体的存在及双交联网络的形成,可赋予水凝胶支架更高的强度。实验表明,本方法所得的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架具有三维贯通的多孔结构,模型分子牛血清蛋白在该水凝胶中包埋量大,且具有良好的可控释放行为。此外,本方法所得的水凝胶具有高的强度和弹性,可制备成水凝胶膜和水凝胶纤维。因此,该方法可广泛应用于制备人工组织支架材料,而且在药物控制释放,3D生物打印及可注射生物材料等领域也具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例3的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的扫描电镜图片。
图2为实施例3的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶制备所得的图案化水凝胶纤维支架。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法,所述的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
a将蚕丝在0.5wt%的Na2CO3水溶液中煮沸40min,用去离子水清洗甩干后得到丝素蛋白纤维,真空干燥,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为12h,将干燥后的丝素蛋白纤维磨制成平均粒径不大于3微米的丝素粉体,除了真空干燥外,也可采用其它干燥方法干燥水洗后的丝素蛋白纤维,干燥后的丝素蛋白纤维可采用球磨机磨制或其它方法达到所需的粒径。
b将经a步骤得到的丝素粉体分散在在pH值为12~14的NaOH水溶液中,搅拌2h后制备成浓度为0.5%~10%w/v的丝素均匀悬浮液,此处NaOH的浓度为0.01~1mol/L,0.5%~10%w/v代表质量体积浓度,表示100mL溶剂中溶解0.5~10克溶质。
c将黄原胶加入到经b步骤得到的丝素均匀悬浮液中,搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,黄原胶的浓度为0.5%~5%w/v,丝素与黄原胶的质量比为1:10~20:1;
d将三偏磷酸钠溶解在去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,也可摇匀,得浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液;
e将经d步骤得到的浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液加入至经c步骤得到的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,其中丝素-黄原胶溶胶液与三偏磷酸钠水溶液的体积比为25:10,快速搅拌5min,此处可采用磁力搅拌,也可采用机械搅拌,在37℃温度下交联反应30min~5h,得三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶。
f将12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到e步骤得到的三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应2~48h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,该方法制备所得的水凝胶可以冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,也可以制备成水凝胶膜和水凝胶纤维,本步骤所用的12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液与e步骤所用的浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液的体积比为1:1。
此外,也可将f步骤中的12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液与e步骤中的75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液混合,然后快速加入至经c步骤得到的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min,在37℃温度下交联反应,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架。
实施例1
将0.125g丝素粉体分散在25mL pH=14的NaOH水溶液中,磁力搅拌2h后制备成浓度为0.5%w/v的丝素悬浮液,将1.25g黄原胶加入到上述浓度为0.5%w/v的丝素悬浮液中,继续磁力搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,将10mL 187.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠加入上述丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min得预凝胶溶液,将预凝胶溶液在37℃温度下交联反应4h后,将10mL 12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到上述三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应12h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用流变仪研究水凝胶支架的流变行为,用去离子水清洗且冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,用扫描电镜观察冷冻干燥后支架的形貌,在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中测试干燥后支架材料的溶胀率及对牛血清蛋白的释放行为。
实施例2
将1.25g丝素粉体分散在25mL pH=12的NaOH水溶液中,磁力搅拌2h后制备成浓度为5%w/v的丝素悬浮液,将0.125g黄原胶加入到上述浓度为5%w/v的丝素悬浮液中,继续磁力搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,将10mL 75mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠加入上述丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min得预凝胶溶液,将预凝胶溶液在37℃温度下交联反应30min后,将10mL 12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到上述三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应48h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用流变仪研究水凝胶支架的流变行为,用去离子水清洗且冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,用扫描电镜观察冷冻干燥后支架的形貌,在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中测试干燥后支架材料的溶胀率及对牛血清蛋白的释放行为。
实施例3
将0.75g丝素粉体分散在25mL pH=13的NaOH水溶液中,磁力搅拌2h后制备成浓度为3%w/v的丝素悬浮液,将0.75g黄原胶加入到上述浓度为3%w/v的丝素悬浮液中,继续磁力搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,将10mL 225mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠加入上述丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min得预凝胶溶液,将预凝胶溶液在37℃温度下交联反应2h后,将10mL 12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到上述三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应24h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用流变仪研究水凝胶支架的流变行为,用去离子水清洗且冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,用扫描电镜观察冷冻干燥后支架的形貌,在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中测试干燥后支架材料的溶胀率及对牛血清蛋白的释放行为。此实施例为最佳实施例,见图2,我们成功将本实施例制备的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架注射成不同图案的水凝胶纤维。
实施例4
将0.25g丝素粉体分散在25mL pH=13的NaOH水溶液中,磁力搅拌2h后制备成浓度为1%w/v的丝素悬浮液,将0.75g黄原胶加入到上述浓度为1%w/v的丝素悬浮液中,继续磁力搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,将10mL 225mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠加入上述丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min得预凝胶溶液,将预凝胶溶液在37℃温度下交联反应5h后,将10mL 12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到上述三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应2h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用流变仪研究水凝胶支架的流变行为,用去离子水清洗且冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,用扫描电镜观察冷冻干燥后支架的形貌,在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中测试干燥后支架材料的溶胀率及对牛血清蛋白的释放行为。
实施例5
将0.75g丝素粉体分散在25mL pH=13的NaOH水溶液中,磁力搅拌2h后制备成浓度为3%w/v的丝素悬浮液,将1.25g黄原胶加入到上述浓度为3%w/v的丝素悬浮液中,继续磁力搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,将10mL 262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠加入上述丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,快速搅拌5min得预凝胶溶液,将预凝胶溶液在37℃温度下交联反应4h后,将10mL 12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到上述三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应24h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架,用流变仪研究水凝胶支架的流变行为,用去离子水清洗且冷冻干燥得丝素-黄原胶三维贯通多孔支架,用扫描电镜观察冷冻干燥后支架的形貌,在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中测试干燥后支架材料的溶胀率及对牛血清蛋白的释放行为。
实施例1~5的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的性能见表一
表一

Claims (1)

1.一种制备丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架的方法,其特征在于:所述的方法按以下步骤进行:
a将蚕丝在0.5wt%的Na2CO3水溶液中煮沸40min,用去离子水清洗甩干后得到丝素蛋白纤维,真空干燥,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为12h,将干燥后的丝素蛋白纤维磨制成平均粒径不大于3微米的丝素粉体;
b将经a步骤得到的丝素粉体分散在在pH值为12~14的NaOH水溶液中,搅拌2h后制备成浓度为0.5%~10%w/v的丝素均匀悬浮液;
c将黄原胶加入到经b步骤得到的丝素均匀悬浮液中,搅拌12h,得混合均匀的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液,黄原胶的浓度为0.5%~5%w/v,丝素与黄原胶的质量比为1:10~20:1;
d将三偏磷酸钠溶解在去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,得浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液;
e将经d步骤得到的浓度为75~262.5mg/mL的三偏磷酸钠水溶液加入至经c步骤得到的丝素-黄原胶溶胶液中,其中丝素-黄原胶溶胶液与三偏磷酸钠水溶液的体积比为25:10,快速搅拌5min,在37℃温度下交联反应30min~5h,得三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶;
f将12mg/mL的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和18mg/mL的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合溶液加入到e步骤得到的三偏磷酸钠交联的丝素-黄原胶水凝胶中,在37℃温度下交联反应2~48h,得丝素-黄原胶水凝胶支架。
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CN104548200A (zh) * 2015-02-06 2015-04-29 武汉纺织大学 一种制备高支化多糖-丝素水凝胶支架的方法
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