CN106361830B

CN106361830B - Rhubarb powder and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106361830B
Application number: CN201610791872.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨森; 丁晓刚
Original assignee: Chengdu Qiankun Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Current assignee: SICHUAN QIANKUN BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.; Chengdu Qiankun Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-08-31
Filing date: 2016-08-31
Publication date: 2020-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2036-08-31
Also published as: CN106361830A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rhubarb powder and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the rhubarb powder comprises the following steps: (1) taking an auxiliary material A accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding red yeast rice accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the auxiliary material A, uniformly stirring, and carrying out closed fermentation at 25-33 ℃ to obtain yellow rice wine; (2) crushing rhubarb to be treated, adding the crushed rhubarb into the yellow fermented glutinous rice obtained in the step (1), and continuously fermenting at 25-33 ℃ to obtain the rhubarb fermented glutinous rice; (3) adding an auxiliary material B accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated into the rhubarb wine prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing and stewing; (4) drying to dry, sealing, fermenting, taking out, and drying. The method can prepare the fermented rhubarb powder with excellent properties, and has the advantages of simple process steps, short processing time, low cost and excellent industrial application prospect.

Description

Rhubarb powder and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a processing method of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to rhubarb powder and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Radix et rhizoma Rhei derived from dried root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. or Rheum officinale Baill. of Polygonaceae, also named as radix Ginseng, radix seu caulis Mucunae, radix seu folium Rubi Parvifolii, Mirabilitum Serpentis, etc.; the traditional Chinese medicine is well applied in the traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, and is loaded in the earliest monograph of pharmacy 'Shennong Ben Cao Jing' in China, the Qian jin Fang 'is called rhubarb in the brocade, the Wu Pu Ben Cao' is called Huangliang, the Lidang's book of medicine is called general, and the Chinese herbal handbook' is called rhubarb; it is bitter and cold in nature and enters stomach, large intestine, liver and spleen meridians; has the functions of purging the pathogenic accumulation, clearing heat and purging fire, detoxifying and stopping bleeding, activating blood and dissolving stasis, clearing damp-heat, washing stomach and intestine, and calming the five internal organs, and is widely used for treating constipation, carbuncle swelling, furuncle, conjunctival congestion and swelling pain, mumps, various kinds of bleeding caused by blood heat delusions, extravasated blood amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain, traumatic injury, damp-heat diarrhea and dysentery, jaundice, edema, stroke and phlegm stagnation and the like.

Because the Chinese medicinal composition has wide application, is suitable for both oral administration and external use, can counteract and prevent energy, can relieve toxicity, can dredge obstruction, can stop bleeding, can remove stasis and turbidity, is highly popular among ancient and modern doctors, and is widely used for preventing and treating diseases of people and livestock. According to statistics, in the treatise on the exogenous febrile diseases of Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty, 36 prescriptions with rheum officinale are provided; the Ming Dynasty medical science Zhang Jingyue combines rhubarb with ginseng, prepared rhizome of rehmannia and prepared aconite root, called 'four-vitamin in medicine', creates more than 40 compounds containing rhubarb; the formula 1811 is contained in the Chinese prescription database, wherein the prescription contains rhubarb and the dosage is less than 6; xinqingning tablet prepared from single prescription of rhubarb and 97 agents containing rhubarb are also collected in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 edition); chinese veterinary pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) contains rhubarb powder and tincture, and 37 dosage of rhubarb-containing prescription.

The theory of traditional Chinese medicine holds that the raw rhubarb is a product with big bitter and cold properties, and has violent purgative effect and is easy to damage healthy qi; modern pharmacological studies have also demonstrated that rhubarb can cause damage to liver and kidney function in the event of prolonged use of large doses. Certainly, both the traditional Chinese medicine theory and the modern pharmacological research suggest that the property of rhubarb can be changed and the side effect can be reduced by proper processing. However, the ascending nature of wine with Da Huang is mostly indicated for the syndrome of upper fire-heat; prepared rhubarb has better effects of reducing purgation and promoting blood circulation, and is mostly used for blood stasis syndrome or is not suitable for drastic purgation; the charred rhubarb has the actions of cooling blood, resolving stasis and stopping bleeding. The processed rhubarb products have the defects of greatly reduced purgation effect, little side effect reduction, complex process, high energy consumption and greatly increased cost, and have obvious defects.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel rhubarb fermentation method and fermented rhubarb powder prepared by the method.

The fermentation method of rhubarb (namely the preparation method of the rhubarb powder) comprises the following steps:

(1) taking an auxiliary material A accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and drying to room temperature, adding red yeast rice accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the auxiliary material A, uniformly stirring, and carrying out closed fermentation at 25-33 ℃ to obtain yellow fermented glutinous rice, wherein the auxiliary material A is one or more of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potatoes;

(2) crushing rhubarb to be treated, adding the crushed rhubarb into the yellow fermented glutinous rice obtained in the step (1), and continuously fermenting at 25-33 ℃ to obtain the rhubarb fermented glutinous rice;

(3) adding an auxiliary material B accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated into the rhubarb wine prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing and stewing; wherein the auxiliary material B is one or more of honey, liquorice and Chinese date;

(4) drying to dry, sealing, fermenting, taking out, and drying.

And (3) stewing: and (5) sealing and standing.

In the step (1), the auxiliary material A is a mixture of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potatoes, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary material A to the auxiliary material A is (2-30 parts): (3-30 parts): (4-30 parts): (5-30 parts): (6 parts to 30 parts).

In the step (1), the fermentation time is 30 days.

In the step (2), the crushing is to obtain 200-300 mesh powder.

In the step (2), the fermentation was continued for 10 days.

In the step (3), the auxiliary material B is a mixture of honey, liquorice and Chinese dates, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary material B to the mixture is (10-14): (11 parts to 16 parts): (11 parts to 20 parts).

The time for choking is 2 h.

In the step (4), drying to seven dry at 75 ℃.

In the step (4), the fermentation time is 10 days; taking out, granulating, drying in the sun or drying at 45-55 ℃, and finishing granules by a 24-mesh sieve.

The invention also provides the fermented rhubarb powder prepared by the method.

In conclusion, the fermented rhubarb powder prepared by the fermentation method has excellent bowel relaxing function, is obviously superior to the unfermented rhubarb powder, and has greatly reduced toxicity.

Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1 preparation of fermented rhubarb powder of the present invention

Taking 30kg of dry sweet potatoes, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding 3kg of red yeast rice, stirring uniformly, and fermenting in a closed manner at the temperature of 25-33 ℃ for 30 days to obtain yellow fermented glutinous rice; taking 100kg of rheum officinale, crushing the rheum officinale into superfine powder of 200-300 meshes, adding yellow fermented glutinous rice, and continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain the rheum officinale fermented glutinous rice; taking the fermented glutinous rice, adding 24kg of honey, and uniformly mixing; sealing for 2h at 100 ℃, drying to seven degrees of dryness at 65-75 ℃, sealing while hot, fermenting for 10 days, taking out, granulating, drying in the sun/drying at 45-55 ℃, and finishing with a 24-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product.

Example 2 screening experiments of the method of the invention

Experiment I, Effect of different pre-fermentation auxiliary materials (A material) on the quality of fermented rhubarb powder

Materials: red yeast rice (Hebei Chinese iris decoction pieces Co., Ltd.); rhubarb (bazhongkelen herbal pieces limited); honey, rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, sweet potato, cassava (all commercially available products);

experimental animals: the Kunming mouse has SPF grade, weight of 18-22 g, half of male and female, and 350 mice in total, and is provided by the experimental animal center of Sichuan academy of medicine and sciences, and the animal qualification number SYXK (military) 2002-. Animals were housed in a barrier animal house under the animal house license number SYXK (military) 2002-005. Room temperature (20 +/-2) DEG C, relative humidity of 60-70%, good ventilation, quiet environment, 12h illumination in room, 12h darkness, and regular disinfection.

Scheme design: see table 1.

TABLE 1 Primary fermentation adjunct screening protocol

The process comprises the following steps: taking the material A, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding 3 parts of red yeast rice, stirring uniformly, and fermenting in a closed manner at the temperature of 25-33 ℃ for 30 days to obtain yellow fermented glutinous rice; taking 100 parts of rheum officinale, crushing into superfine powder of 200-300 meshes, adding yellow fermented glutinous rice, and continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain the rheum officinale fermented glutinous rice; taking the fermented rhubarb, adding 25 parts of honey, and uniformly mixing; sealing for 2h at 100 ℃, drying to seven degrees of dryness at 65-75 ℃, sealing while hot, fermenting for 10 days, taking out, granulating, drying in the sun/drying at 45-75 ℃, and finishing with a 24-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product. Samples 1 to 15 were prepared as specified in Table 1.

Defecation function test:

animal experiments: respectively preparing a sample 1-15 into 10% suspension for later use; pulverizing QINGNING tablet, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and making into 10% suspension; taking feces of a mouse used in the test, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to prepare 10% suspension for later use; half of the 18-22 g male and female mice are taken 180 mice, and are randomly divided into 18 groups (10 mice in each group and half of the male and female mice), namely a blank group, a negative control group, a positive control group and a test 1-15 group. Except for the blank group, the mice in each group are lmL/d^-1Dosing the gavage rat manure suspension; performing intragastric perfusion on a blank group of distilled water with equal volume; continuously irrigating for two days; then, fasting is carried out for 12 hours without water supply; then, the dosage is halved and the stomach is irrigated once again; after 30min, the positive control group is 6 g/kg^-1The dose of the suspension of the enema tablets is 6 g/kg for 1 to 12 groups of experiments^-1Respectively perfusing stomach test articles 1-12 suspension solutions in dosage; and (5) irrigating a blank group and a negative control group with equal volume of distilled water. And recording the defecation condition of each group within 5h after administration, and comprehensively evaluating the defecation effect of each test sample group by taking the defecation condition of a blank group as 'normal', the defecation condition of a negative control group as 'poor', the defecation condition of a positive control group as 'medium' and the defecation condition between the negative control group and the positive control group as 'qualified'. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 evaluation results of defecation function of different fermented rhubarb powders

Group of	Defecation time (min)	Number of defecation	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	37.23±13.65	4.81±2.42	Is normal
Negative control group	119.01±14.43	2.12±0.56	Difference (D)
				Positive control group	78.32±11.21	4.33±3.41	In
Test article 1 group	65.98±7.87	4.09±2.51	Superior food
				2 groups of samples	81.01±15.65	3.58±2.07	Qualified
Test article 3 groups	68.21±9.17	4.27±0.64	Good wine
				4 groups of samples	73.54±16.43	3.89±1.78	In
Test article 5 groups	66.11±22.21	4.22±1.45	Good wine
				6 groups of samples	71.32±20.43	4.14±1.42	In
7 groups of samples	77.02±11.34	3.67±1.41	Qualified
				8 groups of samples	80.53±9.87	2.78±1.23	Qualified
9 groups of samples	79.09±12.13	3.56±1.03	Qualified
				Test article 10 groups	72.65±13.98	3.54±0.78	In
11 groups of samples	89.34±9.65	2.10±0.33	Difference (D)
				12 groups of samples	79.56±26.21	3.78±1.67	Qualified
13 groups of test articles	74.93±20.82	3.56±1.12	In
				14 groups of test articles	69.76±14.87	4.45±1.11	Good wine
15 groups of samples	64.12±13.02	4.56±1.34	Superior food

As can be seen from the table above, the defecation time and the defecation amount of each group of the drug administration are superior to those of the negative control group, and the difference is significant (p is less than 0.05), which indicates that each group of the drug has the function of relaxing the bowels for the model mouse with the excessive heat constipation; wherein, the defecation time of the test article 1 group, the test article 3 group, the test article 4 group, the test article 5 group, the test article 6 group, the test article 10 group, the test article 13 group, the test article 14 group and the test article 15 group is shorter than that of the positive control group, and the defecation quantity is basically equivalent to that of the positive control group, which indicates that the defecation effect of the groups is better than that of the positive control group; the defecation time and the defecation quantity of the test article 2 group, the test article 7 group, the test article 8 group, the test article 9 group and the test article 12 group are basically equivalent to those of the positive control group, which indicates that the defecation effects of the groups are basically equivalent to those of the positive control group; the defecation time and the defecation quantity of the 11 groups of the test sample are basically equivalent to those of the positive control group, which indicates that the defecation effect is inferior to that of the positive control group.

Toxicity test:

another mouse is randomly divided into 17 groups, each group comprises 10 mice, and the male and female groups respectively comprise a blank group, a positive control group and test 1-test 15 groups. The positive control group is perfused with the Gaoqingning tablet suspension according to the daily dose of 38 g.kg < -1 >, the test 1 group to the test 12 group are separately perfused with the stomach test product 1 to the test product 15 suspension according to the daily dose of 38 g.kg < -1 >, and the blank group is perfused with equal volume of distilled water; continuously irrigating for 14 days; during the administration period, the animals can eat and eat freely, and the appearance signs, the hair change of behavior activity, the shape and the color of excrement and urine, the presence of abnormal secretion in eyes, ears, mouths, noses and anus, and the like of the animals before and after the administration are observed every day. The animals were weighed at 0, 1, 3, 7, 11, 14d dosing, respectively, and the growth rate was calculated. After 14 days of continuous administration, the mice were bled from the eyes, serum was separated, and the indices of alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN), inosine (CREA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (ALB), Globulin (GLO), A/G, Total Bilirubin (TBIL), glucose (Glu), and total Cholesterol (CHOL) were examined. Animals were sacrificed after blood collection, and heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, gonad, thyroid, thymus, ileum, etc. were visually observed, weighed, and organ coefficients were calculated. Liver and kidney tissues are taken, fixed by 10% neutral formaldehyde solution, dehydrated by gradient ethanol, embedded by xylene transparent paraffin, sliced (the thickness is 4-5 mu m), and stained by HE, and histopathological changes are observed under an optical microscope.

The results show that no death cases exist in each group, and the animals in the administration group have the phenomena of multiple sleeping, reduced activity and dirty hair color; some animals in each administration group had the phenomena of increased stool granules, yellow stool granules and thin and soft texture. Other general signs were not abnormal. Compared with the blank group, the weight increase of animals in each administration group is reduced from the 3 rd day, and particularly, the weight of the animals in the groups from 10 to 15 is reduced remarkably (p is less than 0.05) compared with the blank group; the positive control group, the test article 1 group to the test article 9 group have no obvious difference with the blank group. Compared with the blank group, the difference of the organ quality and organ coefficient of the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, brain, gonad, thyroid, thymus, ileum and the like of the animals of each administration group is not obvious; in the biochemical indexes of the serum, the ALT, AST, BUN and CREA indexes of each administration group are changed to different degrees relative to a blank group, wherein the change of 10 groups to 15 groups of the test article is obvious (p is less than 0.05), the liver/kidney side effect is rated as 'strong', the difference of a positive control group, 1 group to 9 groups of the test article and the blank group is small, and the liver/kidney side effect is rated as 'weak' (see table 3 and table 4). Indexes such as ALP, ALB, TP, GLO, A/G, TBIL, CHOL, Glu and the like do not change obviously. From the above results, it can be seen that, when the drug is continuously administered for 14 days at a higher dose, the damage of the liver and kidney functions of the mice in the groups from 1 to 9 of the test samples is smaller than that of the positive control group, and the damage of the liver and kidney functions of the mice in the groups from 10 to 15 of the test samples is larger than that of the positive control group.

TABLE 3 evaluation results of liver side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	ALT/U·L^-1	AST/U·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	30.13±3.89	96.12±11.06	Is normal
Positive control group	33.20±6.31	111.85±18.50	Is stronger
				Test article 1 group	30.63±4.38	96.51±11.46	Weak is weak
2 groups of samples	32.81±11.69	113.53±12.32	Weak is weak
				Test article 3 groups	31.28±11.91	115.15±15.89	Weak is weak
4 groups of samples	33.14±7.34	110.66±17.41	Weak is weak
				Test article 5 groups	30.85±7.03	103.35±11.91	Weak is weak
6 groups of samples	33.53±8.14	116.10±18.15	Weak is weak
				7 groups of samples	31.45±8.73	114.52±21.31	Weak is weak
8 groups of samples	32.13±5.38	98.17±16.10	Weak is weak
				9 groups of samples	30.58±4.34	96.67±11.61	Weak is weak
Test article 10 groups	42.85±14.92^a,b	114.9±19.83^a,b	Is stronger
				11 groups of samples	45.25±15.22^a,b	118.97±21.06^a,b	Is stronger
12 groups of samples	50.55±13.4^a,b	126.52±21.38^a,b	Is stronger
				13 groups of test articles	55.85±13.71^a,b	124.7±17.90^a,b	Is stronger
14 groups of test articles	56.75±14.65^a,b	125.95±33.42^a,b	Is stronger
				15 groups of samples	61.45±18.00^a,b	134.65±31.57^a,b	Is stronger

Note: a indicates significant difference compared to the blank group (p < 0.05); b indicates significant difference compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05).

TABLE 4 evaluation results of kidney side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	BUN/mmol·L^-1	CREA/μmol·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	6.96±1.14	53.91±7.89	Is normal
Positive control group	9.01±2.15	58.71±11.16	Is stronger
				Test article 1 group	7.69±1.84	54.52±8.50	Weak is weak
2 groups of samples	8.87±2.18	59.43±13.26	Weak is weak
				Test article 3 groups	8.47±1.12	58.27±11.72	Weak is weak
4 groups of samples	8.12±1.74	54.29±12.34	Weak is weak
				Test article 5 groups	8.12±1.75	52.53±11.24	Weak is weak
6 groups of samples	8.39±1.94	52.91±13.49	Weak is weak
				7 groups of samples	8.85±2.24	57.35±9.14	Weak is weak
8 groups of samples	7.98±1.41	55.93±8.79	Weak is weak
				9 groups of samples	7.61±1.79	54.66±8.64	Weak is weak
Test article 10 groups	10.63±2.08^a,b	88.15±15.31^a,b	Is stronger
				11 groups of samples	11.36±2.80^a,b	96.05±16.81^a,b	Is stronger
12 groups of samples	10.29±2.41^a,b	82.75±13.21^a,b	Is stronger
				13 groups of test articles	10.44±2.19^a,b	86.05±15.49^a,b	Is stronger
14 groups of test articles	10.97±1.80^a,b	82.25±13.04^a,b	Is stronger
				15 groups of samples	11.11±2.32^a,b	93.25±10.39^a,b	Is stronger

Through the analysis of the comprehensive tables 2, 3 and 4, the cathartic function of the test sample 1 to the test sample 9 reaches more than qualified, the liver and kidney toxicity is weak, and the comprehensive quality evaluation is the same as the cathartic function evaluation; the cathartic function of 10 groups to 15 groups of the test article is uneven and the toxicity of liver and kidney is strong, and the comprehensive quality is evaluated as 'poor'; see table 5 for details.

The test result shows that rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potato have good attenuation effect on the rhubarb as the fermentation substrate, and cassava has poor attenuation effect on the rhubarb as the fermentation substrate.

TABLE 5 evaluation of the comprehensive quality of different fermented rhubarb powders

Grouping	Defaecation function	Side effects of the liver	Side effects of the kidney	Comprehensive evaluation
					Test article 1 group	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
2 groups of samples	Qualified	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Qualified
					Test article 3 groups	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Good wine
4 groups of samples	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
					Test article 5 groups	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Good wine
6 groups of samples	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
					7 groups of samples	Qualified	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Qualified
8 groups of samples	Qualified	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Qualified
					9 groups of samples	Qualified	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Qualified
Test article 10 groups	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					11 groups of samples	Difference (D)	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
12 groups of samples	Qualified	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					13 groups of test articles	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
14 groups of test articles	Good wine	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					15 groups of samples	Superior food	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)

Experimental results show that the rhubarb with excellent function of relaxing the bowels and low toxicity can be prepared by adopting the method of the invention to ferment the rhubarb by taking one or more of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potatoes as auxiliary materials, while the rhubarb with excellent toxicity or poor efficacy is prepared by adopting cassava and the like as auxiliary materials, and the sweet potatoes are preferably used independently.

Experiment II, influence of post-fermentation auxiliary material (material B) on quality of rheum officinale powder

Materials: rice, red yeast rice, rhubarb and honey (together with the experiment); licorice (bazhongkelen herbal pieces ltd); fructus Jujubae (Bazhongkelen Chinese medicinal decoction pieces, Inc.); maltose (traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces Co., Ltd. of Kelun in Bazhong).

Experimental animals: together with the experiment.

Scheme design: see table 6.

TABLE 6 post fermentation adjunct optimization protocol

The process comprises the following steps: taking 30 parts of rice, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding 3 parts of red yeast rice, stirring uniformly, and fermenting in a closed manner at the temperature of 25-33 ℃ for 30 days to obtain yellow fermented glutinous rice; taking 100 parts of rheum officinale, crushing into superfine powder of 200-300 meshes, adding yellow fermented glutinous rice, and continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain the rheum officinale fermented glutinous rice; adding the material B into the fermented glutinous rice, and uniformly mixing; sealing for 2h at 100 ℃, drying to seven degrees of dryness at 65-75 ℃, sealing while hot, fermenting for 10 days, taking out, granulating, drying in the sun/drying at 45-75 ℃, and finishing with a 24-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product. Taking the material B according to the specification of Table 6, and preparing a sample 16 to a sample 30 respectively.

Animal experiments were performed in parallel with the experiments. The results are shown in tables 7, 8, 9 and 10.

TABLE 7 evaluation results of cathartic function of different fermented rhubarb powder

Group of	Defecation time (min)	Number of defecation	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	37.59±13.98	5.26±2.95	Is normal
Negative control group	119.57±14.86	2.45±0.84	Difference (D)
				Positive control group	78.59±11.58	4.76±3.95	In
16 groups of samples	64.67±13.46	4.95±1.54	Superior food
				17 groups of test articles	75.47±21.26	3.95±1.34	In
18 groups of samples	73.79±16.78	4.36±2.35	In
				19 test articles	89.87±10.06	2.45±0.54	Difference (D)
20 groups of samples	66.67±22.66	4.55±1.74	Good wine
				Test article 21 groups	71.59±20.78	4.56±1.95	Good wine
22 groups of samples	77.57±11.76	4.05±1.64	In
				23 groups of test articles	80.79±10.18	3.26±1.75	Qualified
24 groups of samples	79.57±12.56	3.95±1.24	Qualified
				25 groups of samples	72.89±14.28	3.96±1.35	In
26 groups of samples	68.77±9.56	4.65±0.84	Good wine
				27 groups of samples	69.99±15.18	4.96±1.65	Good wine
28 groups of test articles	66.47±8.26	4.45±2.74	Good wine
				29 test articles	81.29±15.98	4.06±2.65	In
30 groups of samples	79.79±26.58	4.26±2.25	In

As can be seen from the table above, the defecation time and the defecation amount of each group of the drug administration are superior to those of the negative control group, and the difference is significant (p is less than 0.05), which indicates that each group of the drug has the function of relaxing the bowels for the model mouse with the excessive heat constipation; wherein, the defecation effect of 16 groups of the test products, 20 groups of the test products, 21 groups of the test products, 26 groups of the test products, 27 groups of the test products and 28 groups of the test products is better than that of the positive control group; the constipation relieving effect of the test article 17 group, the test article 18 group, the test article 22 group, the test article 25 group, the test article 29 group and the test article 30 group is basically equivalent to that of the positive control group; the laxative effect of the 19 test samples was inferior to that of the positive control group.

TABLE 8 evaluation results of liver side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	ALT/U·L^-1	AST/U·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	30.42±4.27	96.58±11.61	Is normal
Positive control group	33.77±6.77	112.20±18.74	Is stronger
				16 groups of samples	30.92±4.76	96.97±12.01	Weak is weak
17 groups of test articles	30.87±4.72	97.13±12.16	Weak is weak
				18 groups of samples	31.57±12.29	115.61±16.44	Weak is weak
19 test articles	61.74±18.38^a	135.11±32.12^a	Is stronger
				20 groups of samples	31.14±7.41	103.81±12.46	Weak is weak
Test article 21 groups	31.74±9.11	114.98±21.86	Weak is weak
				22 groups of samples	32.70±5.84	98.52±16.34	Weak is weak
23 groups of test articles	34.10±8.60	116.45±18.39	Is stronger
				24 groups of samples	33.38±12.15	113.88±12.56	Is stronger
25 groups of samples	31.42±7.49	103.7±12.15	Weak is weak
				26 groups of samples	31.15±4.80	97.02±11.85	Weak is weak
27 groups of samples	32.02±9.19	114.87±21.55	Weak is weak
				28 groups of test articles	32.42±5.76	98.63±16.65	Is stronger
29 test articles	33.82±8.52	116.56±18.70	Is stronger
				30 groups of samples	33.71±7.80	111.01±17.65	Is stronger

Note: a indicates significant difference compared to the blank group (p < 0.05).

TABLE 9 evaluation results of kidney side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	BUN/mmol·L^-1	CREA/μmol·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	7.25±1.52	54.37±8.44	Is normal
Positive control group	9.58±2.61	59.06±11.40	Is stronger
				16 groups of samples	7.98±2.22	54.98±9.05	Weak is weak
17 groups of test articles	8.27±1.79	56.39±9.34	Weak is weak
				18 groups of samples	8.76±1.50	58.73±12.27	Weak is weak
19 test articles	10.86±2.87^a	83.10±13.45^a	Is stronger
				20 groups of samples	8.41±2.13	52.99±11.79	Weak is weak
Test article 21 groups	8.96±2.40	53.26±13.73	Weak is weak
				22 groups of samples	8.55±1.87	56.28±9.03	Weak is weak
23 groups of test articles	9.04±1.58	58.62±11.96	Is stronger
				24 groups of samples	9.14±2.62	57.81±9.69	Is stronger
25 groups of samples	7.90±2.17	55.12±9.19	Weak is weak
				26 groups of samples	8.41±2.12	54.75±12.89	Weak is weak
27 groups of samples	8.69±2.21	52.88±11.48	Weak is weak
				28 groups of test articles	9.68±2.32	59.06±14.04	Is stronger
29 test articles	9.42±2.70	57.70±9.38	Is stronger
				30 groups of samples	9.44±2.64	59.78±13.50	Is stronger

The results show that some animals in each administration group have increased stool granules, yellow stool granules and thin and soft stool granules, and other general signs are not abnormal. Compared with the blank group, the weight gain of the animals in each administration group is slightly reduced, but the difference is not obvious. The organ quality and organ coefficient of each administration group animal are not obviously different from those of the blank group; in the serum biochemical indexes, ALT, AST, BUN and CREA indexes of each administration group are changed to different degrees, wherein liver and kidney side effects of mice in 19 groups, 23 groups, 24 groups, 28 groups, 29 groups and 30 groups of the test products are equivalent to those of a positive control group, the liver/kidney side effects are rated as 'stronger', while the difference between other administration groups and a blank group is smaller, and the liver/kidney side effects are rated as 'weaker' (see a table 8 and a table 9). Indexes such as ALP, ALB, TP, GLO, A/G, TBIL, CHOL, Glu and the like do not change obviously.

From the above results, it can be seen that the liver and kidney side effects of mice in each group were less than those of the positive control group except that the liver and kidney side effects of mice in the 19 test sample groups, the 23 test sample groups, the 24 test sample groups, the 28 test sample groups, the 29 test sample groups and the 30 test sample groups were equivalent to those of the positive control group after the continuous administration of 14d at a higher dose.

By combining the analysis in tables 7, 8 and 9, the test products 19, 23, 24, 28, 29 and 30 were not good in reducing the side effects of liver and kidney, although some of them had good laxative effect, the comprehensive evaluation was rated as "poor"; the comprehensive quality evaluations of other groups are all qualified, and are shown in table 10.

TABLE 10 evaluation of the comprehensive quality of different fermented rhubarb powders

Grouping	Defaecation function	Side effects of the liver	Side effects of the kidney	Comprehensive evaluation
					16 groups of samples	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
17 groups of test articles	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
					18 groups of samples	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Good wine
19 test articles	Difference (D)	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					20 groups of samples	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Good wine
Test article 21 groups	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Good wine
					22 groups of samples	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
23 groups of test articles	Qualified	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					24 groups of samples	Qualified	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
25 groups of samples	In	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Qualified
					26 groups of samples	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
27 groups of samples	Good wine	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	In
					28 groups of test articles	Good wine	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
29 test articles	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
					30 groups of samples	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)

Experimental results show that the rhubarb with excellent defecation function and low toxicity can be prepared by adopting the method of the invention to ferment the rhubarb by taking one or more of honey, liquorice and Chinese date as auxiliary materials, and the rhubarb with too high toxicity or poor defecation effect can be prepared by adopting maltose and the like as auxiliary materials, and the honey is preferably used alone.

Experiment III, influence of fermentation material ratio on quality of rhubarb powder

Materials: the same as the first and second experiments (no cassava and maltose).

Experimental animals: together with the experiment.

Scheme design: see table 11.

TABLE 11 proportion scheme of materials for fermenting rhubarb powder

The process comprises the following steps: taking the material A, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding red yeast rice, stirring uniformly, and fermenting in a closed manner at the temperature of 25-33 ℃ for 30 days to obtain yellow fermented glutinous rice; taking rhubarb, crushing into superfine powder of 200-300 meshes, adding yellow fermented glutinous rice, and continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain the rhubarb fermented glutinous rice; adding the material B into the fermented glutinous rice, and uniformly mixing; sealing for 2h at 100 ℃, drying to seven degrees of dryness at 65-75 ℃, sealing while hot, fermenting for 10 days, taking out, granulating, drying in the sun/drying at 45-75 ℃, and finishing with a 24-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product. The material B was sampled as specified in Table 6, and samples 31 to 37 were prepared.

Animal experiments were performed in parallel with the experiments. The results are shown in tables 12, 13, 14 and 15.

TABLE 12 evaluation results of cathartic function of different fermented rhubarb powder

Group of	Defecation time (min)	Number of defecation	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	37.32±13.62	4.81±2.41	Is normal
Negative control group	119.21±14.41	1.91±0.57	Difference (D)
				Positive control group	78.14±11.04	4.49±3.59	In
31 groups of samples	74.13±13.01	3.59±1.27	In
				32 groups of samples	65.02±20.72	4.38±0.98	Superior food
33 groups of samples	63.25±16.33	4.00±2.08	Superior food
				34 groups of samples	59.51±9.61	4.91±0.27	Superior food
35 groups of samples	66.4±22.30	4.10±1.20	Superior food
				36 groups of test articles	61.05±20.33	4.20±1.68	Superior food
37 test articles	77.12±11.22	3.78±1.28	In

As can be seen from the table above, the defecation time and the defecation amount of each group of the drug administration are superior to those of the negative control group, and the difference is significant (p is less than 0.05), which indicates that each group of the drug has the function of relaxing the bowels for the model mouse with the excessive heat constipation; wherein, the cathartic effect of 32 groups of the test products, 33 groups of the test products, 34 groups of the test products, 35 groups of the test products and 36 groups of the test products is better than that of the positive control group; the laxative effect of the test article 31 group and the test article 37 group was substantially equivalent to that of the positive control group.

TABLE 13 evaluation results of liver side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	ALT/U·L^-1	AST/U·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	30.06±3.82	96.04±11.34	Is normal
Positive control group	33.32±6.23	111.93±18.38	Is stronger
				31 groups of samples	33.38±4.31	116.61±11.74	Is stronger
32 groups of samples	30.42±4.18	96.86±11.79	Weak is weak
				33 groups of samples	31.03±11.84	95.25±16.17	Weak is weak
34 groups of samples	30.38±17.93	97.57±31.85	Weak is weak
				35 groups of samples	30.87±7.05	93.36±11.92	Weak is weak
36 groups of test articles	31.19±8.66	94.62±17.59	Weak is weak
				37 test articles	33.25±5.30	135.25±15.98	Is stronger

TABLE 14 evaluation results of kidney side effects of different fermented rhubarb powder

Grouping	BUN/mmol·L^-1	CREA/μmol·L^-1	Comprehensive evaluation
				Blank group	6.78±0.98	54.06±8.08	Is normal
Positive control group	9.04±2.16	58.66±11.13	Is stronger
				31 groups of samples	9.53±1.68	64.71±8.69	Is stronger
32 groups of samples	6.73±1.34	56.03±9.07	Weak is weak
				33 groups of samples	7.32±1.05	58.19±11.98	Weak is weak
34 groups of samples	7.29±2.51	52.65±12.91	Weak is weak
				35 groups of samples	6.87±1.68	52.63±11.52	Weak is weak
36 groups of test articles	6.51±1.86	52.99±13.37	Weak is weak
				37 test articles	9.19±1.42	65.74±8.76	Is stronger

The results show that the stool grains of some animals in each administration group are increased and yellow, but other general signs are not abnormal, the weight is increased normally, and the difference between the organ mass and organ coefficient and the blank group is not obvious. The ALT, AST, BUN and CREA indexes of each administration group are changed in different degrees, wherein the liver and kidney side effects of mice in 31 groups and 37 groups of the test products are equivalent to those of the positive control group, the liver/kidney side effects are rated as 'stronger', the difference between the other administration groups and the blank group is not significant, and the liver/kidney side effects are rated as 'weak' (see table 13 and table 14). Indexes such as ALP, ALB, TP, GLO, A/G, TBIL, CHOL, Glu and the like do not change obviously. From the above results, it can be seen that the liver-kidney side effects of mice in each group were smaller than those of the positive control group except that the liver-kidney side effects of mice in the 31 test sample group and the 37 test sample group were equivalent to those of the positive control group after the continuous administration of 14d at a higher dose. By analyzing the comprehensive table 12, table 13 and table 14, the test article 31 group and the test article 37 group have poor performance in reducing the side effects of the liver and kidney, and the comprehensive evaluation is evaluated as 'poor' although the cathartic effect of some groups is good; the comprehensive quality evaluation of other groups is 'excellent'. See table 15 for details.

TABLE 15 comprehensive quality evaluation results of different fermented rhubarb powders

Grouping	Defaecation function	Side effects of the liver	Side effects of the kidney	Comprehensive evaluation
					31 groups of samples	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)
32 groups of samples	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
					33 groups of samples	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
34 groups of samples	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
					35 groups of samples	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
36 groups of test articles	Superior food	Weak is weak	Weak is weak	Superior food
					37 test articles	In	Is stronger	Is stronger	Difference (D)

Palatability evaluation: taking unfermented rhubarb powder and the test products 31-37, mixing the materials according to the dosage of 5 percent for the healthy swinery to eat freely, feeding normal feed in a blank group, recording the ingestion condition, evaluating the palatability of the corresponding medicine according to the ingestion condition of each group by taking the corresponding palatability of the blank group as 'normal', and the evaluation standard is shown in table 16. The results are shown in Table 17.

TABLE 16 palatability evaluation criteria

Palatability evaluation	Judgment criteria
		Superior food	Increased feed intake compared to the blank group
In general	Compared with the blank group, the feed intake was unchanged
		Difference (D)	The feed intake was decreased compared to the blank group

TABLE 17 palatability evaluation results

The experimental result shows that by adopting the process, the rhubarb with excellent function, small toxic and side effect and good palatability can be prepared by taking rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potato accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb as the auxiliary material A, adding red yeast rice accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the auxiliary material A and taking a mixture of honey, liquorice and Chinese date accounting for 20-40% of the weight of the rhubarb as the auxiliary material B and fermenting the rhubarb; however, other processes than the present invention, such as using cassava as the adjuvant A or using maltose as the adjuvant B, are too toxic.

The beneficial effects of the invention are illustrated by way of experimental examples as follows:

test example 1 treatment of senile constipation by fermented rhubarb powder

Materials: the glucose and Xinqingning capsules are marketed products; fermented rhubarb powder (prepared in example 1);

the cases are as follows: the elderly patients with constipation have 18 people, the age of 56-72 years, and 9 people of both men and women; the main symptoms are poor appetite, few times of defecation, difficult defecation, dry stool and the like;

the method comprises the following steps: respectively taking glucose and fermented rhubarb powder, and filling into capsules of 0.3 g/capsule (the capsule has the same color as the Xinqingning capsules); patients are randomly divided into a glucose group, a Xinqingning capsule group and a fermented rhubarb powder group, 6 patients in each group and 3 patients in men and women are respectively administrated with the glucose capsule, the Xinqingning capsule and the fermented rhubarb powder capsule, 5 granules are prescribed to be taken before sleeping every night, 5 days are taken as a treatment course continuously, two treatment courses are taken at most, visits are made 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, 20 days and 30 days after the administration, the curative effect is recorded and evaluated, the evaluation standard of the curative effect is shown in a table 18, and the result is shown in a table 19.

TABLE 18 evaluation criteria for Constipation treatment

Evaluation of therapeutic Effect	Judgment criteria
		Recovery method	Defecation is 1 time per day, defecation is smooth, and appetite is increased
Improvement of life	The stool frequency is increased, and the difficulty of defecation is reduced
		Invalidation	Constipation does not change or is more severe

TABLE 19 evaluation result of curative effect of fermented rhubarb powder on senile constipation

Note: "-" indicates that the test was not continued but treatment with other drugs was carried out.

The results show that the curative effect of the fermented rhubarb powder on senile constipation is better than that of the Xinqingning capsule, and the superiority is not only reflected by faster effect, but also reflected by more thorough treatment and no relapse.

Experimental example 2 curative effect of fermented rhubarb powder on postpartum constipation of sow

Materials: rhubarb powder (Chengdu Qiankun animal pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); fermented rhubarb powder (prepared in example 1);

the cases are as follows: 31 postpartum constipation cases of sows naturally occurring in a certain pig farm in Shuanghou county (pigs with anorexia, enlarged abdomen, frequent defecation, slow defecation, less dry feces, thirst and frequent drinking water).

The method comprises the following steps: randomly dividing sick pigs into a test group, a positive control group 1, a positive control group 2 and a negative control group (8 pigs in each group) under the same feeding condition; the test group is fed with the fermented rhubarb powder prepared in the example 4 according to 1.0 percent of mixed materials, the positive control group 1 is fed with the rhubarb powder according to 1.25 percent of mixed materials, the positive control group 2 is fed with the rhubarb powder according to 2.5 percent of mixed materials, 5 days of continuous medication are taken as one treatment course, and the maximum two treatment courses are taken; feeding the negative control group in a daily feeding mode without administration of medicines; the disease conditions of the pigs at 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 10 th, 15 th and 20 th days after administration are recorded, the curative effect is evaluated, the evaluation standard of the curative effect is shown in a table 18, and the result is shown in a table 20.

TABLE 20 investigation of curative effects of fermented rhubarb powder on constipation in pigs

Note: a indicates that the sick pig has loose stool or loose stool, and the administration is stopped; b shows that the patient has normal defecation after stopping taking the medicine.

The results show that the curative effect of the experimental group on the postpartum constipation of the sows is superior to that of other groups, and the curative effect of the fermented rhubarb powder on the postpartum constipation of the sows is superior to that of the rhubarb powder, and the superiority is reflected by mild effect, lasting effect, more thorough treatment and no rebound on one hand; on the other hand, the dosage is less, and the bioavailability is higher.

In conclusion, the fermented rhubarb powder prepared by the fermentation method has excellent bowel relaxing function, is superior to the unfermented rhubarb powder, and has greatly reduced toxicity.

Claims

1. A preparation method of rhubarb powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) taking sweet potatoes 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated, adding water, soaking, steaming, spreading and airing to room temperature, adding red yeast rice 2-5% of the weight of the sweet potatoes, stirring uniformly, and fermenting in a closed manner at 25-33 ℃ for 30 days to obtain yellow wine;

(2) crushing rhubarb to be treated into powder of 200-300 meshes, adding the powder into the yellow fermented glutinous rice obtained in the step (1), and continuously fermenting for 10 days at 25-33 ℃ to obtain the rhubarb fermented glutinous rice;

(3) adding honey accounting for 25-60% of the weight of the rhubarb to be treated into the rhubarb wine prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and stewing for 2 hours at 100 ℃;

(4) drying at 65-75 ℃ to be dry, sealing while hot, fermenting for 10 days, taking out, granulating, drying in the sun or drying at 45-55 ℃, and finishing granules by a 24-mesh sieve.

2. The fermented rhubarb powder prepared by the method of claim 1.