CN106359305A - 一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于昆虫养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法。所述养殖方法包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔3‑8天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；所述消毒剂包含以下重量份组分；(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱3‑4万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1000‑1300g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水2800‑3800ml，并在水中添加质量分数为0.8‑2.5％的食盐。所述养殖方法能够杀菌消炎、驱虫、促进蜜蜂进食、清热解毒、增强免疫能力和抗病能力，促进蜜蜂快速健康生长，并有效防治蜜蜂爬蜂病，降低患病率，提高成活率；另外，所述方法对其他因细菌、真菌、病毒、营养不良等原因引起的蜜蜂疾病、感染也有一定预防和治疗作用。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及昆虫养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法。
【背景技术】
蜜蜂是对人类贡献最大的一种昆虫，一方面，可为农作物、果树、蔬菜等植物授粉，增加作物产量，蜜蜂作为授粉媒介益虫的利用比例日益增加，在美国通过蜜蜂的授粉媒介的经济价值一年高达50-100亿美金；另一方面，还可生产出蜂蜜、蜂花粉、蜂王浆、蜂毒、蜂蜡和蜂胶等高附加值的蜂产品，蜂蜜是人们常用的滋补品，味甘性平，内服可清热解毒润燥止咳，外用具有解毒、抗菌、消炎、滋润、防腐、保护创面、促进细胞再生和渗液吸收等诸多功能，蜂花粉富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素、活性酶、黄酮类化合物、脂类、核酸、芸苔素、植酸等物质，营养全面，被人们誉为“微型营养库”，具有良好的益免疫、益贫血、益抗老等功效，蜂王浆更是高级营养品，可增强体质，治疗神经衰弱、贫血、胃溃疡等慢性病，蜂毒具有抗辐射作用，能增强机体的应激能力，对治疗高血压动脉粥样硬化症、静脉血栓形成、血栓闭塞性脉管炎和动脉内膜炎等均有良好的效果，蜂蜡和蜂胶则都是轻工业的原料。我国是蜂蜜生产大国，养蜂产业位居世界前列。作为养蜂大国，我国的蜂群数量和蜂产品产量均居世界的首位。饲养蜜蜂在我国有着良好的传统和基础，许多农民都是通过养蜂走上了致富之路。但是养蜂又是一门科学，只有科学的养蜂才能获得丰产丰收，获得高利润。
蜜蜂养殖业中，蜜蜂常易患爬蜂病，四季均有发生，造成大量蜜蜂生病、死亡，影响蜂蜜的产量和质量，导致经济损失。蜜蜂爬蜂病可分为传染性和非传染性两大类，爬蜂病病因复杂，病原微生物、营养不良、食物污染(如花粉花蜜含农药)、消化不良等原因都可引起爬蜂病。爬蜂病是一种难治的疾病，一般以预防为主。以前，养蜂者大多采用氯霉素、甲硝唑、烟曲霉素、等抗生素治疗这些疾病，但这些药物会残留在蜜蜂体内，严重影响蜂蜜质量，人们食用蜂蜜后会对身体健康造成一定伤害。随着人们健康、环保意识的增强，对健康、安全的蜂产品的追求使得开发安全无残留的药物来防治蜜蜂爬蜂病意义重大。
专利CN1170590A公开了一种治疗蜜蜂爬蜂病的药物，组成简单，制作容易，成本低，治疗爬蜂病效果好，疗效快，治愈率高，该药物主要由中西药组成，外加适量香精，但所使用的西药为氯霉类，是一种抗生素，对造血系统有严重不良反应。
专利CN104523812A公开了一种预防及治疗蜜蜂爬蜂病的药物，该药物采用中西结合，可有效预防及治疗爬蜂病，治愈率高，但该药物中包含土霉素和盐酸吗啉胍等西药，土霉素药物残留会影响蜜蜂和蜂蜜安全，危害人的健康，且土霉素若过量会引起中毒，盐酸吗啉胍则可引起出汗、食欲不振及低血糖等反应，不利于蜜蜂的发育，因此，该药物不适宜长期或多次使用，没有可持续性。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于：针对上述问题，提供一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法，所述养殖方法针对蜜蜂生长特点而制定，能够杀菌消炎、驱虫、促进蜜蜂进食、清热解毒、增强免疫能力和抗病能力，预防为主，防患于未然，有效防治蜜蜂爬蜂病，降低患病率，提高成活率，促进蜜蜂快速健康生长；另外，所述养殖方法对其他因细菌、真菌、病毒、营养不良等原因引起的蜜蜂疾病、感染也有一定预防和治疗作用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法，包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔3-8天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；
所述消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物10-16份、大蒜素15-20份、米醋6-11份、使君子4-9份、连翘2-5份、鱼腥草7-11份、佩兰1-2.5份、野菊花3-6份、龙胆草6-10份、蜂蜜8-14份；
(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱3-4万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1000-1300g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水2800-3800ml，并在水中添加质量分数为0.8-2.5％的食盐；
所述饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉33-45份、花粉8-12份、蜂蜜5-8份、酵母抽提物6-10份、蚕蛹粉4-8份、山楂1-2.5份、柠檬0.1-0.4份、果汁1.5-3.5份、贯众2-4份、鱼腥草1.5-3份、使君子1-2份、板蓝根2.5-5份、败酱草1-3份、穿心莲1-2份、甘草5-10份、女贞子2-4份、桑叶0.8-1.3份、芦荟1-1.6份。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物14份、大蒜素17份、米醋8份、使君子6份、连翘3.5份、鱼腥草8.5份、佩兰2份、野菊花5份、龙胆草7.5份、蜂蜜12.5份。
步骤(1)中所述消毒剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将使君子、连翘、鱼腥草、佩兰、野菊花、龙胆草切碎放入瓦罐，加入总重30-45倍的水，煎煮2-5h，冷却，过滤，药汁待用；2)所得药汁用凉开水稀释4-6倍，加入丝兰提取物、大蒜素、米醋和蜂蜜，拌匀，即得消毒剂。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉42份、花粉10份、蜂蜜3-6份、酵母抽提物7.5份、蚕蛹粉6份、山楂1.8份、柠檬0.3份、果汁3份、贯众3份、鱼腥草2份、使君子1.5份、板蓝根3.5份、败酱草2份、穿心莲1.5份、甘草7份、女贞子2.5份、桑叶1份、芦荟1.5份。
步骤(2)中所述饲料的花粉为经23-28℃发酵的混合花粉，混合花粉选自枣花粉、白刺槐花粉、益母草花粉、荔枝花粉、桂花花粉、油菜花粉中的三种及以上。
步骤(2)中所述饲料的果汁选自金奇异果汁、苹果汁、猕猴桃汁和草莓汁中的一种或几种。
步骤(2)中所述饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将花粉在20-30℃下发酵，待用；2)将山楂、柠檬洗净、去核、压榨，得到酸性汁液待用；3)将贯众、鱼腥草、使君子、板蓝根、败酱草、穿心莲、甘草、女贞子、桑叶、芦荟切碎，加入总重30-35倍的水煎煮2-4h，过滤，得到的水煎剂用凉开水稀释20-35倍，加入蜂蜜拌匀，待用；4)将豆饼粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉与步骤1)～3)中所得待用物混合，拌匀，粉碎，过筛，即得。
本发明中：
步骤(1)采用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾等外部生活环境进行消毒，所述消毒剂部分原料功能介绍如下：
丝兰提取物对促进畜禽健康、高产，改善其消化道环境改善肉产品品质，促进营养物质吸收，提高饲料利用率等具有重要作用，且对降低粪便中的氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素等有害物浓度以及改善饲养环境方面效果显著。
大蒜素可抗菌消炎，对病原微生物有很强的抑制或杀灭作用，多种革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均有抗菌作用，对杆菌(痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、百日咳杆菌)、真菌(白色念珠菌、隐球菌、烟曲霉菌)、病毒(巨细胞病毒)、阿米巴原虫、阴道滴虫、蛲虫等均有抑制杀灭作用，对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌等肠道细菌作用尤其强，但对有益菌如干酪乳杆菌则无抑制作用，且还可增强食欲、改善适口性、增强机体免疫、解毒保健、改善饲养环境。
米醋含有丰富的碱性氨基酸、糖类物质、有机酸、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、无机盐、矿物质等，具有解毒、消食、抑菌杀菌、缓解蛔虫病的功效，可杀灭甲型链球菌、卡他球菌、肺炎双球菌、流感病毒等致病菌。
使君子可驱蛔虫、驱蛲虫、抗肠寄生虫等作用，还可抗皮肤真菌，对堇色毛癣菌、同心性毛癣菌、许兰氏黄癣菌、奥杜盎氏小芽孢癣菌、铁锈色小芽孢癣菌、羊毛状小芽孢癣菌、腹股沟表皮癣菌、星形奴卡氏菌等皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。
连翘俗称一串金，是木樨科连翘属植物，味微苦，性凉，含有三萜皂甙，果皮含甾醇、连翘酚、生物碱、皂甙、齐墩果酸、香豆精类和丰富的维生素等成分，有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗辐射损伤、解热等功效，可抑制伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌、霍乱弧菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等，尤其对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用很强，可有效抑制环境中常见腐败菌的繁殖，延长食品的保质期。
鱼腥草味辛，性微温，能清热解毒、健胃消食、抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力。
佩兰气味芳香，有解热清暑、化湿健胃作用，对白喉杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、八叠球菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌等有抑制作用，其挥发油对流感病毒有抑制作用。
野菊花具有疏散风热、消肿解毒、预防流行性感冒、感冒和治疗高血压、肝炎、痢疾、痈疖疗疮等病症的功效，并且野菊花的浸液对杀灭孑孓及蝇蛆也非常有效。
龙胆草能促进胃液和胃酸分泌，增进食欲，对根瘤细菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌，伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、根癌病土壤杆菌等有作用，对石膏样毛癣菌星形奴卡氏菌等皮肤真菌有也不同程度的抑制作用。
所述消毒剂配方合理科学，各组分伍配，共同起到抗菌杀菌、驱虫消毒、防止病菌感染的功效，且安全无抗、无毒副作用，符合生态环保要求，喷洒后，对蜂蜜无污染，不会影响蜂蜜质量，若蜜蜂误食消毒剂，不仅无害，反而具有杀菌抗菌、驱虫消毒、防止病菌感染的功效；消毒剂中的蜂蜜可改善消毒剂的味道，佩兰气味芳香，可掩盖消毒剂的中药味，不引起蜜蜂的排斥和厌恶而导致蜜蜂逃离蜂巢，不对蜂群生长发育造成影响；丝兰提取物对降低粪便中的氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素等有害物浓度以及改善饲养环境方面效果显著，大蒜素也可改善饲养环境，两者与可杀灭孑孓及蝇蛆的野菊花配合，可显著改善蜜蜂饲养环境。
步骤(2)中用饲料饲养蜜蜂，用含食盐的水饲喂蜜蜂，一方面，可为蜜蜂提供生长所需各类营养物质，所述饲料适口性好，营养均衡，豆饼粉、花粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉可为蜜蜂提供所需蛋白质和脂肪，且酵母抽提物不仅富含蛋白质，还含有18种氨基酸、功能性多肽、B族维生素和多种微量元素，营养价值非常高；山楂可抑菌、助消化，是健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰的良药，柠檬气味芳香，富含维生素和矿物质，能化痰清热，生津健胃，抗菌消炎，两者配合，健胃消食，抑菌抗菌，大大促进蜜蜂进食、消化，防止消化不良；花粉和蜂蜜可以改善饲料口感，提高适口性；混合果汁可为蜜蜂补充各类维生素，防止维生素缺乏引发各类疾病；水中添加食盐可为蜜蜂补充矿物质，满足生长发育所需；另一方面，所述饲料可以清热解毒、抑菌杀虫、开胃健脾、增强免疫能力，从根本上提高抗病能力，防止病菌感染，降低患病率。
所述饲料中部分中草药原料功能介绍如下：
贯众可清热解毒、凉血止血、杀虫的功效，可治风热感冒和带下及钩、蛔、绦虫等肠寄生虫病等症。
穿心莲清热解毒、消炎、消肿等功效，可治治急性菌痢、胃肠炎、消化不良、各种感染性疾病、钩端螺旋体病等病症。
板蓝根有清热解毒、凉血利咽、抗菌抗毒等功效，常用于温疫时毒、发热咽痛、温毒发斑等病症，对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌，八联球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒甲杆菌、痢疾杆菌、肠炎杆菌等都有抑制作用，可以提高机体免疫能力和增强机抗体细胞形成能力。
甘草具有补脾益气、清热解毒、抗炎、抗肿瘤、调和诸药等功效，可以改善药剂口感。
女贞子具有补益肝肾、清虚热、抗菌抗病毒、抗衰老、提高免疫力的功效，对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用，对B型腺病毒也有中等度抑制作用。
败酱草有清热解毒、祛瘀排脓、治疗慢性溃疡性结肠炎等功效，还具有一定的抗病原微生物作用。
桑叶具有抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗溃疡、抗丝虫病等作用，同时还可清热解毒、润肠通便、改善便秘。
芦荟有健胃泻火、解毒、杀虫、杀菌、抗炎、免疫和再生的功效，可治肠胃燥热、便秘、杀菌消炎、抗病毒感染、杀疳蛔。
饲料中板蓝根有清热解毒、抗菌抗病毒、增强免疫的功效，佐以女贞子、鱼腥草，有效增强清热、抗病毒和提高免疫的功效；穿心莲、桑叶、芦荟可清热解毒、健胃通便、抑菌杀虫，与驱虫、抗真菌的使君子和清热、杀虫抗菌的贯众、败酱草一起入药，杀虫抗菌之功更显著，并能泄热消积、健胃解毒，防止病菌感染和消化不良；诸药合用，共奏清热、杀菌驱虫、健胃消食、增强免疫之功，调入甘草伍配，可调和药性，改善药剂口感。
本发明消毒剂从外部消毒杀菌，杀灭传染源，防止传染，饲料营养均衡，功能性强，从内在根本上清热解毒、抑菌杀虫、增强免疫能力和抗病能力，防止病菌感染，降低患病率，内外兼顾，标本兼治，能有效防治爬蜂病，同时，对其他因病原微生物感染、营养不均衡、消化不良等原因引起的病症也有一定防治效果。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：所述养殖方法针对蜜蜂生长特点而制定，能够杀菌消炎、驱虫、促进蜜蜂进食、清热解毒、增强免疫能力和抗病能力，预防为主，防患于未然，有效防治蜜蜂爬蜂病，降低患病率，提高成活率，促进蜜蜂快速健康生长；另外，所述养殖方法对其他因细菌、真菌、病毒、营养不良等原因引起的蜜蜂疾病、感染也有一定预防和治疗作用。
【具体实施方式】
为了更好地理解本发明，下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案，但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的的蜜蜂养殖方法，包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔8天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；
其中，消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物16份、大蒜素20份、米醋11份、使君子4份、连翘2份、鱼腥草7份、佩兰2.5份、野菊花3份、龙胆草10份、蜂蜜14份；
(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱3万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1000g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水2800ml，并在水中添加质量分数为0.8％的食盐；
其中，饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉45份、混合花粉(枣花粉3份、白刺槐花粉2份、益母草花粉3份)8份、蜂蜜8份、酵母抽提物6份、蚕蛹粉8份、山楂2.5份、柠檬0.1份、果汁(苹果汁1份、猕猴桃汁0.5份)1.5份、贯众4份、鱼腥草3份、使君子1份、板蓝根2.5份、败酱草1份、穿心莲1份、甘草5份、女贞子2份、桑叶1.3份、芦荟1份。
本实施例步骤(1)中的消毒剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将使君子、连翘、鱼腥草、佩兰、野菊花、龙胆草切碎放入瓦罐，加入总重45倍的水，煎煮5h，冷却，过滤，药汁待用；2)所得药汁用凉开水稀释4倍，加入丝兰提取物、大蒜素、米醋和蜂蜜，拌匀，即得消毒剂。
本实施例步骤(2)中的饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将花粉在28℃下发酵，待用；2)将山楂、柠檬洗净、去核、压榨，得到酸性汁液待用；3)将贯众、鱼腥草、使君子、板蓝根、败酱草、穿心莲、甘草、女贞子、桑叶、芦荟切碎，加入总重35倍的水煎煮4h，过滤，得到的水煎剂用凉开水稀释20倍，加入蜂蜜拌匀，待用；4)将豆饼粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉与步骤1)～3)中所得待用物混合，拌匀，粉碎，过筛，即得。
实施例2
本实施例的的蜜蜂养殖方法，包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔3天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；
其中，消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物10份、大蒜素15份、米醋6份、使君子9份、连翘5份、鱼腥草11份、佩兰1份、野菊花6份、龙胆草6份、蜂蜜8份；
(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱4万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1300g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水3800ml，并在水中添加质量分数为2.5％的食盐；
其中，饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉33份、混合花粉(枣花粉4份、益母草花粉1份、荔枝花粉3份、油菜花粉4份)12份、蜂蜜5份、酵母抽提物10份、蚕蛹粉4份、山楂1份、柠檬0.4份、果汁(猕猴桃汁1.5份、草莓汁2份)3.5份、贯众2份、鱼腥草1.5份、使君子2份、板蓝根5份、败酱草3份、穿心莲2份、甘草10份、女贞子4份、桑叶0.8份、芦荟1.6份。
本实施例步骤(1)中的消毒剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将使君子、连翘、鱼腥草、佩兰、野菊花、龙胆草切碎放入瓦罐，加入总重30倍的水，煎煮2h，冷却，过滤，药汁待用；2)所得药汁用凉开水稀释6倍，加入丝兰提取物、大蒜素、米醋和蜂蜜，拌匀，即得消毒剂。
本实施例步骤(2)中的饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将花粉在23℃下发酵，待用；2)将山楂、柠檬洗净、去核、压榨，得到酸性汁液待用；3)将贯众、鱼腥草、使君子、板蓝根、败酱草、穿心莲、甘草、女贞子、桑叶、芦荟切碎，加入总重30倍的水煎煮2h，过滤，得到的水煎剂用凉开水稀释35倍，加入蜂蜜拌匀，待用；4)将豆饼粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉与步骤1)～3)中所得待用物混合，拌匀，粉碎，过筛，即得。
实施例3
本实施例的的蜜蜂养殖方法，包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔5天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；
其中，消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物12份、大蒜素17份、米醋8份、使君子7份、连翘2-5份、鱼腥草8.5份、佩兰2份、野菊花4份、龙胆草8份、蜂蜜12份；
(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱3.5万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1150g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水3300ml，并在水中添加质量分数为2％的食盐；
其中，饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉41份、混合花粉(枣花粉1份、益母草花粉2份、荔枝花粉3份、桂花花粉4份)10份、蜂蜜7份、酵母抽提物7份、蚕蛹粉5份、山楂1.2份、柠檬0.2份、果汁(金奇异果汁1份、苹果汁1份、草莓汁0.5份)2.5份、贯众2.5份、鱼腥草2份、使君子1.5份、板蓝根4份、败酱草2份、穿心莲1.5份、甘草7份、女贞子3.5份、桑叶1份、芦荟1.2份。
本实施例步骤(1)中的消毒剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将使君子、连翘、鱼腥草、佩兰、野菊花、龙胆草切碎放入瓦罐，加入总重25倍的水，煎煮2.5h，冷却，过滤，药汁待用；2)所得药汁用凉开水稀释5倍，加入丝兰提取物、大蒜素、米醋和蜂蜜，拌匀，即得消毒剂。
本实施例步骤(2)中的饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将花粉在25℃下发酵，待用；2)将山楂、柠檬洗净、去核、压榨，得到酸性汁液待用；3)将贯众、鱼腥草、使君子、板蓝根、败酱草、穿心莲、甘草、女贞子、桑叶、芦荟切碎，加入总重32倍的水煎煮2.5h，过滤，得到的水煎剂用凉开水稀释28倍，加入蜂蜜拌匀，待用；4)将豆饼粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉与步骤1)～3)中所得待用物混合，拌匀，粉碎，过筛，即得。
对比例采用传统蜜蜂饲料，并采用传统蜜蜂养殖方法进行养殖，除此外，其余情况与实施例3相同。
实施例和对比例不同养殖方法养殖效果如表1所示。
表1不同养殖方法养殖效果对比结果：
| 组别 | 喂食天数/d | 取食率/％ | 爬蜂病患病率/％ | 其他病患病率/％ | 成活率/％ |
| 实施例1 | 30 | 97.2 | 0 | 2.41 | 96.7 |
| 实施例2 | 30 | 95.7 | 0 | 1.92 | 97.1 |
| 实施例3 | 30 | 97.0 | 0 | 0.68 | 98.3 |
| 对比例 | 30 | 90.3 | 6.24 | 13.83 | 83.7 |
从上表可以看出，与传统养殖方法相比，使用本发明的养殖方法饲养蜜蜂，蜜蜂的取食率更高，患病率更低，成活率更高，说明本发明能够促进蜜蜂进食、增强免疫能力和抗病能力，有效防治蜜蜂爬蜂病，且对其他因蜜蜂疾病也有一定预防和治疗作用，降低患病率，提高成活率，促进蜜蜂快速健康生长。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治爬蜂病的蜜蜂养殖方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：(1)生活环境：每隔3-8天用消毒剂对蜂箱、巢脾进行喷洒消毒；
所述消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物10-16份、大蒜素15-20份、米醋6-11份、使君子4-9份、连翘2-5份、鱼腥草7-11份、佩兰1-2.5份、野菊花3-6份、龙胆草6-10份、蜂蜜8-14份；
(2)饲养方法：每蜂箱3-4万只，每天用饲喂器饲喂1000-1300g饲料，用饲水器饲喂水2800-3800ml，并在水中添加质量分数为0.8-2.5％的食盐；
所述饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉33-45份、花粉8-12份、蜂蜜5-8份、酵母抽提物6-10份、蚕蛹粉4-8份、山楂1-2.5份、柠檬0.1-0.4份、果汁1.5-3.5份、贯众2-4份、鱼腥草1.5-3份、使君子1-2份、板蓝根2.5-5份、败酱草1-3份、穿心莲1-2份、甘草5-10份、女贞子2-4份、桑叶0.8-1.3份、芦荟1-1.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述消毒剂包含以下重量份组分：丝兰提取物14份、大蒜素17份、米醋8份、使君子6份、连翘3.5份、鱼腥草8.5份、佩兰2份、野菊花5份、龙胆草7.5份、蜂蜜12.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述饲料包含以下重量份组分：豆饼粉42份、花粉10份、蜂蜜3-6份、酵母抽提物7.5份、蚕蛹粉6份、山楂1.8份、柠檬0.3份、果汁3份、贯众3份、鱼腥草2份、使君子1.5份、板蓝根3.5份、败酱草2份、穿心莲1.5份、甘草7份、女贞子2.5份、桑叶1份、芦荟1.5份。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述饲料的花粉为经23-28℃发酵的混合花粉，混合花粉选自枣花粉、白刺槐花粉、益母草花粉、荔枝花粉、桂花花粉、油菜花粉中的三种及以上。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述饲料的果汁选自金奇异果汁、苹果汁、猕猴桃汁和草莓汁中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将花粉在23-28℃下发酵，待用；2)将山楂、柠檬洗净、去核、压榨，得到酸性汁液待用；3)将贯众、鱼腥草、使君子、板蓝根、败酱草、穿心莲、甘草、女贞子、桑叶、芦荟切碎，加入总重30-35倍的水煎煮2-4h，过滤，得到的水煎剂用凉开水稀释20-35倍，加入蜂蜜拌匀，待用；4)将豆饼粉、酵母抽提物、蚕蛹粉与步骤1)～3)中所得待用物混合，拌匀，粉碎，过筛，即得。
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