CN106353183B - Internal force measurement and calibration device and calibration method thereof - Google Patents
Internal force measurement and calibration device and calibration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106353183B CN106353183B CN201610998077.1A CN201610998077A CN106353183B CN 106353183 B CN106353183 B CN 106353183B CN 201610998077 A CN201610998077 A CN 201610998077A CN 106353183 B CN106353183 B CN 106353183B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/62—Manufacturing, calibrating, or repairing devices used in investigations covered by the preceding subgroups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an internal force measuring and calibrating device, which is provided with a base and a fixed seat, wherein two connecting lugs are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the base and the fixed seat, three measuring rods are hinged on the connecting lugs in a Z shape through pin shafts, each measuring rod is fixedly provided with a strain gauge, the strain gauge outputs signals to a resistance strain gauge, the other end of the fixed seat is fixedly provided with a force application beam, one end of a tension sensor is connected with the force application beam through a connecting piece, and the other end of the tension sensor is connected with a force application mechanism. The invention has the advantages that the internal force (axial force, shearing force and bending moment) on the cross section of the rectangular cross section beam can be measured, the internal force of various beams with different cross section shapes can be measured by replacing connecting components with different structural forms, and the internal force measurement of the rod piece in teaching experiments of material mechanics and structural mechanics can be applied. The device has a simple structure and a simple and feasible calibration method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material mechanics experiment teaching, in particular to an internal force measurement and calibration device and a calibration device thereof.
Background
At present, in the aspect of mechanical teaching experiments, no special equipment capable of directly displaying and measuring the internal force of the beam exists, and the teaching experiment of Guan Liang internal force measurement is poor in intuitiveness, so that an internal force measuring sensor and a calibration device thereof need to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing a special instrument capable of displaying and measuring internal force and improving the intuitiveness of the internal force measurement experiment teaching of a beam.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the device is provided with a base and a fixing seat, two connecting lugs are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the base and the fixing seat, three measuring rods are Z-shaped and are hinged to the connecting lugs through pin shafts, each measuring rod is fixedly provided with a strain gauge, the strain gauge outputs signals to a resistance strain gauge, the other end of the fixing seat is fixedly provided with a force application beam, one end of a tension sensor is connected with the force application beam through a connecting piece, and the other end of the tension sensor is connected with a force application mechanism.
The force application mechanism comprises an arc-shaped frame, a sliding sleeve sliding along the frame, a screw rod fixed in the sliding sleeve and a loading hand wheel connected with one end of the screw rod, wherein the other end of the screw rod is connected with a tension sensor through a bearing, the connecting piece is fixed on the force application beam through a rotating shaft, and the frame takes the rotating shaft as the center.
The frame is semicircular, the rotating shaft is the center of a semicircular frame, angle scales are arranged on the frame, and the frame is fixedly arranged on the base through bolt connection.
The sliding sleeve is internally provided with an internal thread matched with the screw rod, the frame is composed of two arc plates, a sliding groove for sliding of the sliding sleeve is arranged between the arc plates, one end of the sliding sleeve is provided with a boss structure supported on one side of the frame, the other end of the sliding sleeve is provided with an external thread and an external nut positioned on the other side of the frame, and the sliding sleeve is clamped and fixed on the frame through the boss and the external nut.
The calibration method based on the internal force measurement and the calibration device thereof is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Adjusting an internal force measurement and calibration device thereof, and setting a strain gauge and a tension sensor to 0;
2) Calibrating axial force: adjusting the sliding sleeve to the central position of the frame, so that the force application angle alpha=0° of the force application beam by the tension sensor is respectively recorded, and the reading of the tension sensor and the reading of the resistance strain gauge are respectively recorded, and an axial force measured value and a calibration value are obtained through the reading;
3) And (3) shearing force calibration: adjusting the sliding sleeve to the bottom edge of the frame, so that the force application angle alpha=90° of the force application beam by the tension sensor is achieved, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor and the resistance strain gauge, and obtaining a shaft force measured value and a calibration value through the readings;
4) Calibrating axial force shearing force and bending moment: and adjusting the sliding sleeve to any position of the frame, recording the deflection angle of the sliding sleeve, loading by adopting an equivalent progressive loading method, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor and the strain gauge, and obtaining the measured values and the calibration values of the shearing force, the axial force and the bending moment through the readings.
The invention has the advantages that the internal force (axial force, shearing force and bending moment) on the cross section of the rectangular cross section beam can be measured, the internal force of various beams with different cross section shapes can be measured by replacing connecting components with different structural forms, and the internal force measurement of the rod piece in teaching experiments of material mechanics and structural mechanics can be applied. The device has a simple structure and a simple and feasible calibration method.
Drawings
The contents of each drawing in the specification of the present invention are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal force measurement and calibration device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the internal force measurement and calibration device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal force measuring components of the internal force measuring and calibrating device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the internal force measuring member of FIG. 3;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a measuring rod; 2. a connecting lug; 3. a pin shaft; 4. a connecting plate; 5. a fixing seat; 6. a force application beam; 7. a frame; 8. a connecting piece; 9. a tension sensor; 10. a sliding sleeve; 11. loading a hand wheel; 12. strain gage.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, the internal force measuring and calibrating device thereof is provided with a base and a fixed seat 5, the base and the fixed seat 5 are separated, two connecting lugs 2 are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the base and the fixed seat 5, three measuring rods 1 are hinged on the connecting lugs 2 in a Z shape through pin shafts 3, namely, the end parts of the measuring rods 1 can rotate relative to the connecting lugs 2, two of the three measuring rods 1 are parallel to each other, two ends of the three measuring rods 1 are respectively connected on the base and the fixed seat 5, the other measuring rod 1 is obliquely connected between the parallel measuring rods 1, and the axis of the pin shafts 3 used for fixing is perpendicular to the plane where the three measuring rods 1 are positioned.
A strain gauge 12 is fixed on each measuring rod 1, preferably in the middle of each measuring rod 1, and the strain gauge 12 outputs a signal to a resistance strain gauge for obtaining the stress condition of each measuring rod 1.
As shown in the structural schematic diagram of the internal force measurement calibration device in fig. 1, the other end of the fixed seat 5 is fixed with a force application beam 6, the force application beam 6 is fixed on the fixed seat 5 through a connecting plate 4, one end of the tension sensor 9 is connected with the force application beam 6 through a connecting piece 8, and the other end is connected with a force application mechanism. The force application mechanism comprises an arc-shaped frame 7, a sliding sleeve 10 sliding along the frame 7, a screw rod fixed in the sliding sleeve 10, and a loading hand wheel 11 connected with one end of the screw rod, wherein the other end of the screw rod is connected with a tension sensor 9 through a bearing, a connecting piece 8 is fixed on the force application beam 7 through a rotating shaft, the screw rod, the bearing, the tension sensor 9 and the connecting piece 8 are on the same straight line, and tension or pressure is applied to the force application beam 7 through the cooperation of the screw rod and the sliding sleeve 10, so that a strain gauge 12 on the measuring rod 1 generates numerical reading.
During operation, the connecting piece 8 deflects through adjusting the position of the sliding sleeve 10 on the frame 7, the frame 7 is preferably semicircular, the plane of the frame 7 is parallel to the planes of the three measuring rods 1, the frame 7 can be fixed on the base through bolt connection, the rotating shaft is the center of the semicircular frame 7, and the frame 7 is provided with angle scales, so that the force application angle can be accurately controlled.
For convenient regulation sliding sleeve 10 slides, the inside internal thread that is equipped with the lead screw complex of sliding sleeve 10, frame 7 comprises two arc, be equipped with between the arc and supply sliding sleeve 10 gliding spout, sliding sleeve 10 one end is equipped with the boss structure of support in frame 7 one side, the other end is equipped with external screw thread and the external nut that are located frame 7 opposite side, sliding sleeve 10 passes through boss and external nut centre gripping to be fixed on frame 7, such structure can conveniently adjust sliding sleeve 10, also can reliably fix sliding sleeve 10, sliding sleeve 10 can not take place the displacement when guaranteeing to rotate loading hand wheel 11, make the application of force angle can not change.
As shown in fig. 4, the working principle of the internal force measuring and calibrating device is that. According to the static balance condition, the relationship between the section internal force and the internal force measurement and the axial force of the measuring rod 1 of the calibrating device is as follows:
wherein: f (F) N ,F S M is the axial force, shearing force and bending moment measured by the sensor, X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 The axial forces of three measuring rods 1 of the internal force measuring and calibrating device are respectively measured. The axial force of each rod can be measured by attaching a resistance strain gauge 12 to the measuring rod 1, and then the internal force of the measuring section can be calculated according to formula (1).
The middle parts of the three measuring rods 1 are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge 12, a half-bridge method can be adopted, and the strain of the resistance strain gauge 12 can be measured according to the formula X i ＝Eε i A i (i=1, 2, 3) calculating the axial force of each rod, wherein X i ,ε i ,A i The axial force, the measured strain and the cross-sectional area of the ith rod are respectively, and E is the elastic modulus of the 1-piece of the measuring rod.
As shown in fig. 2, the calibration method works on principle. The calibration of the internal force measurement and calibration device can be realized by changing the placement angle of the tension sensor 9. When the tension sensor 9 is placed horizontally, i.e. α=0°, the reading of the tension sensor 9 is then the measured axial force of the internal force measuring and calibrating device. When the tension sensor 9 is placed vertically, i.e. α=90°, the reading of the tension sensor 9 is then the measured shear force of the internal force measurement and calibration device. When the tension sensor 9 is at any position alpha, the relationship between the reading of the tension sensor 9 and the measured internal force of the internal force measuring and calibrating device is as follows:
wherein: p is the reading of the tension sensor 9, and d0 is the center distance of the rotating shaft of the connecting lug 2 of the fixing seat 5.
The internal force measurement and its calibration device are calibrated by comparing the internal force value of the internal force measurement and its calibration device measured and calculated by formula (1) with the internal force value of the internal force measurement and its calibration device calculated by formula (2).
The calibration method based on the internal force measurement and the calibration device thereof comprises the following steps: the internal force measuring and calibrating device is fixed on a workbench, a tension sensor 9 is installed, and strain gauges 12 attached to three measuring rods 1 are connected with a measuring bridge of a resistance strain gauge. The loading hand wheel 11 is turned, the initial reading of the tension sensor 9 is recorded and the resistance strain gauge is set to 0.
2) Axial force calibration
And (3) setting the tension sensor 9 to be horizontal, namely alpha=0°, loading the tension sensor by adopting an equivalent progressive loading method, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor 9 and the readings of the resistance strain gauge, respectively calculating an axial force measured value and a calibration value of the internal force measuring and calibrating device according to the formulas (1) and (2), and calculating an error.
3) Shear force calibration
And (3) setting the tension sensor 9 to be horizontal, namely alpha=90°, loading the tension sensor by adopting an equivalent progressive loading method, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor 9 and the readings of the resistance strain gauge, respectively calculating the shear force measured value and the calibration value of the internal force measuring and calibrating device according to the formulas (1) and (2), and calculating the error.
4) Calibration of axial force shearing force and bending moment
And (3) adjusting the tension sensor 9 to any position, recording alpha, loading by adopting an equivalent progressive loading method, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor 9 and the resistance strain gauge, respectively calculating the measurement values and calibration values of the shearing force, the axial force and the bending moment of the internal force measuring and calibrating device according to the formulas (1) and (2), and calculating the error.
While the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of being modified or applied directly to other applications without modification, as long as various insubstantial modifications of the method concept and technical solution of the invention are adopted, all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. An internal force measurement and calibration device thereof is characterized in that: the device is provided with a base and a fixed seat, two connecting lugs are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the base and the fixed seat, three measuring rods are hinged on the connecting lugs in a Z shape through pin shafts, each measuring rod is fixedly provided with a strain gauge, the strain gauge outputs signals to a resistance strain gauge, the other end of the fixed seat is fixed on a force application beam, one end of a tension sensor is connected with the force application beam through a connecting piece, and the other end of the tension sensor is connected with a force application mechanism;
the force application mechanism comprises an arc-shaped frame, a sliding sleeve sliding along the frame, a screw rod fixed in the sliding sleeve and a loading hand wheel connected with one end of the screw rod, wherein the other end of the screw rod is connected with a tension sensor through a bearing, the connecting piece is fixed on the force application beam through a rotating shaft, and the frame takes the rotating shaft as the center;
the machine frame is semicircular, the rotating shaft is the center of a semicircular machine frame, angle scales are arranged on the machine frame, and the machine frame is fixedly connected to the base through bolts;
the sliding sleeve is internally provided with an internal thread matched with the screw rod, the frame is composed of two arc plates, a chute for the sliding sleeve to slide is arranged between the arc plates, one end of the sliding sleeve is provided with a boss structure supported on one side of the frame, the other end of the sliding sleeve is provided with an external thread and an external nut positioned on the other side of the frame, and the sliding sleeve is clamped and fixed on the frame through the boss and the external nut;
the tension sensor realizes the calibration of the internal force measurement and the calibration device thereof by changing the placement angle.
2. The calibration method based on the internal force measurement and the calibration device thereof according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
1) Adjusting an internal force measurement and calibration device thereof, and setting a strain gauge and a tension sensor to 0;
2) Calibrating axial force: adjusting the sliding sleeve to the central position of the frame, so that the force application angle alpha=0° of the force application beam by the tension sensor is respectively recorded, and the reading of the tension sensor and the reading of the resistance strain gauge are respectively recorded, and an axial force measured value and a calibration value are obtained through the reading;
3) And (3) shearing force calibration: adjusting the sliding sleeve to the bottom edge of the frame, so that the force application angle alpha=90° of the force application beam by the tension sensor is achieved, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor and the resistance strain gauge, and obtaining a shaft force measured value and a calibration value through the readings;
4) Calibrating axial force shearing force and bending moment: and adjusting the sliding sleeve to any position of the frame, recording the deflection angle of the sliding sleeve, loading by adopting an equivalent progressive loading method, respectively recording the readings of the tension sensor and the strain gauge, and obtaining the measured values and the calibration values of the shearing force, the axial force and the bending moment through the readings.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610998077.1A CN106353183B (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Internal force measurement and calibration device and calibration method thereof |
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| CN201610998077.1A CN106353183B (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Internal force measurement and calibration device and calibration method thereof |
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| CN106353183B true CN106353183B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109827705B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2023-10-03 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Calibration device for detecting performance of bending moment sensor |
| CN112229717A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Load measuring method for pressure pipeline |
| CN115371882B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-03-24 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Calibration mechanism for torque measuring device of high-power/high-rotating-speed transmission system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB546689A (en) * | 1940-12-23 | 1942-07-27 | Ian Winterbottom | Improvements relating to the manufacture of templates and tools |
| CN204359598U (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of force push rod device and Multi-axis high-precision load add carrier aircraft |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2710741C2 (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1986-11-13 | Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Device for measuring forces and pressures |
| CN103308234B (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2015-01-14 | 同济大学 | Internal force measuring sensor |
| CN206161429U (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽工程大学 | Internal force is measured and calibration device thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB546689A (en) * | 1940-12-23 | 1942-07-27 | Ian Winterbottom | Improvements relating to the manufacture of templates and tools |
| CN204359598U (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of force push rod device and Multi-axis high-precision load add carrier aircraft |
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