CN112229717A - Load measuring method for pressure pipeline - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0274—Tubular or ring-shaped specimens
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Abstract
The invention discloses a load measurement method for a pressure pipeline, wherein strain gauges R1, R2, R3 and R4 are in full-bridge combination and are used for measuring the horizontal bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R5, R6, R7 and R8 are connected in a full-bridge mode and used for measuring the vertical bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R9, R10, R11 and R12 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the torque of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R13, R14, R15 and R16 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the axial force of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R17 and R18 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the shearing force of the pressure pipeline in the vertical direction; the strain gauges R19 and R20 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the horizontal shearing force of the pressure pipeline; all the groups of bridge strain gauges are symmetrically arranged. The load measurement theory is based on the existing strain measurement technology, and the pipeline load under the complex stress distribution state under the combined action of axial force, shearing force, bending moment and torque load is respectively and independently measured and converted through reasonable arrangement of strain gauges and ingenious combination of measurement bridges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pressure pipeline, in particular to a method for measuring the load of the pressure pipeline in the engineering field.
Background
The pressure pipeline is a tubular device for conveying gas or liquid by using a certain pressure, and the conveyed fluid has toxicity, explosiveness and corrosiveness and has special operating conditions of high temperature, high pressure, low temperature and the like, so that the pressure pipeline has a great danger. In industrial application, the number of pressure pipelines is large, the pipeline system is large, the arrangement is complex, the operation process is influenced by the fluctuation of the production process, and the operation conditions change a lot, such as expansion with heat and contraction with cold, alternating load, temperature pressure fluctuation and the like. The safety of the pipeline system is directly influenced by the condition of the pressure pipeline. However, the operating conditions of the pressure pipeline are complicated and varied, and the state of the pressure pipeline can also be changed.
The accurate acquisition of the pressure pipeline load is crucial to the design, on-line monitoring, reliability evaluation and the like of a pressure pipeline system, and becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the engineering field. However, due to unreachable measuring points, multi-source excitation, fluid-solid coupling effects and the like, the load of many practical pressure piping systems is difficult to measure or even impossible to measure directly by a sensor.
In order to solve the problems, the invention develops a load measurement technology of a whole set of pressure pipelines under mechanical load, pressure load and temperature load by combining self theoretical derivation based on various load measurement theories of the current theoretical bound. The load measuring method for the pressure pipeline not only can be used for the pressure pipeline, but also can be applied to other cylindrical structures with uniform wall thickness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring pressure pipeline load under the combined action of axial force, shearing force, bending moment and torque caused by pressure, mechanical load and thermal expansion respectively. The method has the characteristics of high cost performance, advanced and reliable technology and good compatibility, and can be widely applied.
A load measuring method for a pressure pipe comprises the following steps,
step 1, arranging a strain gauge patch:
the strain gauges R1, R2, R3 and R4 are connected in a full-bridge mode and used for measuring the horizontal bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R5, R6, R7 and R8 are connected in a full-bridge mode and used for measuring the vertical bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R9, R10, R11 and R12 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the torque of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R13, R14, R15 and R16 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the axial force of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R17 and R18 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the shearing force of the pressure pipeline in the vertical direction; the strain gauges R19 and R20 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the horizontal shearing force of the pressure pipeline; all the groups of bridge strain gauges are symmetrically arranged;
step 2, measuring load:
measuring mechanical load
The strain gauges 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the axial force of the mechanical load are in full bridge combination, and the measured value of the axial force is obtained through conversion according to the following formula:
wherein: e is the same asInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyStrain gauge reading
E modulus of elasticity of pipe material
Area of metal cross section of Area pipeline
Poisson's ratio for mu tube measurements
The half-bridge set of strain gauges 17, 18 of the shear force of the mechanical load, in order to measure the shear force of the vertical direction; the strain gauges 19 and 20 are half-bridge assembled to measure the horizontal shearing force, and the measured value of the shearing force is obtained through conversion according to the following formula:
wherein: z-section bending modulus of pipeline
The full-bridge assembly comprises strain gauges 1, 2, 3 and 4 for measuring the bending moment of a mechanical load in the vertical direction; the strain gauges 5, 6, 7 and 8 are in full-bridge group bridge to measure the bending moment in the horizontal direction, and the measured value of the bending moment is obtained by conversion according to the following formula:
the strain gauges 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the torque of the mechanical load are in full bridge group, and the measured value of the bending moment is obtained by converting according to the following formula:
wherein: torsional modulus of WN pipeline section
Measuring pressure load
In the measurement of the axial force of the pipeline, because the bridge circuits are asymmetrically arranged, a conversion formula of the axial load needs to be corrected, and the corrected axial force conversion formula is as follows:
wherein: external diameter of Di pipe
Inner diameter of Do pipe
Measuring temperature load
The mechanical strain is the strain required by load conversion; the strain gauge can measure the thermal expansion load without correction.
The pipeline load measuring method disclosed by the invention can be used for load measurement of pressure pipelines in any engineering field and can also be used for measuring cylindrical structures with uniform wall thickness. The strain of the pipeline or the cylindrical structure is measured according to the strain gauge patch mode and the bridge combination mode described by the invention, and each load component of the structure under the action of complex load can be respectively measured after conversion is carried out according to the conversion mode described by the invention.
The pipeline load measuring method disclosed by the invention can be used for load measurement of pressure pipelines in any engineering field and can also be used for measuring cylindrical structures with uniform wall thickness. The strain of the pipeline or the cylindrical structure is measured according to the strain gauge patch mode and the bridge combination mode described by the invention, and each load component of the structure under the action of complex load can be respectively measured after conversion is carried out according to the conversion mode described by the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a patch mode of the strain gage of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a bridging mode of the present invention for axial force measurement;
FIG. 3 illustrates a bridge configuration for shear measurement according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a bridge configuration for moment measurement according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a bridge configuration for torque measurement according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
1 mechanical load
Mechanical loads are loads that are often contained in the piping, more commonly loads that occur when the valve is opened and closed, vibrational loads that occur when the piping vibrates, and the like. Generally, the load on the pipe system is the combined action of axial force, shearing force, bending moment and torque, the stress distribution state is quite complex, direct measurement of any one load cannot be realized, the strain generated by the load can be mutually offset according to the bridge combination mode described by the strain gauge patch mode, finally, only the strain of a single load is reserved, and the strain and the load are separated, measured and converted one by one through a strain and load conversion formula.
1.1 axial force
The strain bridge circuit of the axial force is attached to the pressure pipeline in a mode shown by strain gauges 13, 14, 15 and 16 in fig. 1, the bridge combination mode of the strain gauges is a full-bridge combination mode shown by strain gauges R13, R14, R15 and R16 in fig. 2, the reading of the strain gauge is cleared before the axial force occurs, and after the axial force occurs, the reading epsilon of the strain gauge is recordedInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd (4) converting according to the formula (1) to obtain a measured value of the axial force.
Wherein: e is the same asInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyStrain gauge reading
E modulus of elasticity of pipe material
Area of metal cross section of Area pipeline
Poisson's ratio for mu tube measurements
1.2 shear force
The strain bridge circuit of the shear force in the vertical direction is attached to a pressure pipeline in a mode shown by the strain gauges 17 and 18 in fig. 1, the bridge combination mode of the strain gauges is in a half-bridge combination mode shown by the strain gauges R17 and R18 in fig. 3, the reading of the strain gauge is cleared before the shear force occurs, and after the shear force occurs, the reading of the strain gauge belongs to the elementInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd (4) converting according to the formula (2) to obtain a measured value of the vertical shearing force.
The strain bridge circuit of the shear force in the horizontal direction is attached to the pressure pipeline in a mode shown by the strain gauges 19 and 20 in fig. 1, and the strain gauges are assembled into a half-bridge in a mode shown by the strain gauges R17 and R18 in fig. 3, and the shear force is applied to the pressure pipelineThe reading of the strain gauge is reset before the force occurs, and the reading of the strain gauge is recorded for the E after the shearing force occursInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd (4) converting according to the formula (2) to obtain a measured value of the vertical shearing force.
Wherein: z-section bending modulus of pipeline
1.3 bending moment
The strain bridge circuit of the bending moment in the vertical direction is attached to the pressure pipeline in a mode shown by strain gauges 5, 6, 7 and 8 in fig. 1, the bridge combination mode of the strain gauges is that of a full-bridge set shown by the strain gauges R1, R2, R3 and R4 in fig. 4, the reading of the strain gauge is cleared before the bending moment occurs, and after the bending moment occurs, the reading of the strain gauge belongs to the reading of a strain gauge EInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd (4) converting according to the formula (3) to obtain a measurement value of the bending moment in the vertical direction.
The strain bridge circuit of the bending moment in the horizontal direction is attached to the pressure pipeline in a mode shown by strain gauges 1, 2, 3 and 4 in fig. 1, the bridge combination mode of the strain gauges is that of a full-bridge combination shown by strain gauges R1, R2, R3 and R4 in fig. 4, the reading of the strain gauge is cleared before the bending moment occurs, and after the bending moment occurs, the reading of the strain gauge belongs to the reading of a strain gaugeInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd (4) converting according to the formula (3) to obtain a measurement value of the bending moment in the vertical direction.
1.4 Torque
The strain bridge circuit of the torque is attached to the pressure pipeline in a mode shown by strain gauges 9, 10, 11 and 12 in fig. 1, the bridge combination mode of the strain gauges is a full-bridge combination mode shown by strain gauges R13, R14, R15 and R16 in fig. 5, the reading of the strain gauge is cleared before the torque occurs, and after the axial force occurs, the reading epsilon of the strain gauge is recordedInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyAnd converting the measured value of the torque according to the formula (4).
Wherein:WNtorsional modulus of pipe section
2 pressure load
The measurement of the pipeline load under the action of the internal pressure of the pipeline needs to take the following factors into consideration: the annular stretching generated by the internal pressure of the pipeline generates shrinkage deformation in the axial direction; the radial compression caused by the internal pressure of the pipeline can also generate expansion deformation in the axial direction, but because the patch is positioned on the surface of the pipeline, the radial compression stress generated by the internal pressure of the pipeline on the surface of the pipeline is 0, and the deformation in the axial direction is negligible. Bridges for other loads (bending moment, torque and shearing force) are symmetrically arranged, the pressure additional stress of each strain gauge is equal, the bridges are self-balanced, and the influence of the internal pressure of a pipeline on the strain result of the bridges can be automatically filtered; the measurement of the axial force of the pipeline needs to correct the conversion formula of the axial load because the bridge circuits are arranged asymmetrically. Meanwhile, the load under the action of the internal pressure of the pipeline is considered, and the change condition of the internal pressure of the pipeline also needs to be known. The corrected axial force conversion formula is as follows:
wherein: external diameter of Di pipe
Inner diameter of Do pipe
3 temperature load
The measurement of the load of the pipeline under the thermal expansion of the pipeline needs to consider the following factors: the thermal expansion of the pipeline material can cause the pipeline to expand with heat and contract with cold in all directions under the action of temperature, and the deformation of the pipeline is the result of the combined action of thermal expansion deformation and deformation brought by pipeline load caused by thermal expansion; the measurement of a strain gauge which normally has no thermal compensation function is the amount of deformation per unit length, i.e. the sum of the thermal expansion deformation and the deformation caused by the thermal expansion load; through research, the strain under the condition of thermal expansion is divided into mechanical strain and thermal strain, wherein the thermal strain is the same in each direction and is equal to the thermal expansion coefficient multiplied by the temperature difference, and the mechanical strain is the strain required by load conversion; the strain gauge measurement result is the sum of mechanical strain and heating strain, but the thermal strain can be reduced through the bridge circuit, so that the thermal expansion load can be measured without correction no matter whether the strain gauge has the temperature compensation function.
Claims (1)
1. A load measuring method for a pressure pipe, characterized in that,
step 1, arranging a strain gauge patch:
the strain gauges R1, R2, R3 and R4 are connected in a full-bridge mode and used for measuring the horizontal bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R5, R6, R7 and R8 are connected in a full-bridge mode and used for measuring the vertical bending moment of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R9, R10, R11 and R12 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the torque of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R13, R14, R15 and R16 are in full-bridge group bridge and are used for measuring the axial force of the pressure pipeline; the strain gauges R17 and R18 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the shearing force of the pressure pipeline in the vertical direction; the strain gauges R19 and R20 are half-bridge assembled and used for measuring the horizontal shearing force of the pressure pipeline; all the groups of bridge strain gauges are symmetrically arranged;
step 2, measuring load:
measuring mechanical load
The strain gauges 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the axial force of the mechanical load are in full bridge combination, and the measured value of the axial force is obtained through conversion according to the following formula:
wherein: e is the same asInstrument for measuring the shape of a human bodyStrain gauge reading
E modulus of elasticity of pipe material
Area of metal cross section of Area pipeline
Poisson's ratio for mu tube measurements
The half-bridge set of strain gauges 17, 18 of the shear force of the mechanical load, in order to measure the shear force of the vertical direction; the strain gauges 19 and 20 are half-bridge assembled to measure the horizontal shearing force, and the measured value of the shearing force is obtained through conversion according to the following formula:
wherein: z-section bending modulus of pipeline
The full-bridge assembly comprises strain gauges 1, 2, 3 and 4 for measuring the bending moment of a mechanical load in the vertical direction; the strain gauges 5, 6, 7 and 8 are in full-bridge group bridge to measure the bending moment in the horizontal direction, and the measured value of the bending moment is obtained by conversion according to the following formula:
the strain gauges 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the torque of the mechanical load are in full bridge group, and the measured value of the bending moment is obtained by converting according to the following formula:
wherein: wNTorsional modulus of pipe section
Measuring pressure load
In the measurement of the axial force of the pipeline, because the bridge circuits are asymmetrically arranged, a conversion formula of the axial load needs to be corrected, and the corrected axial force conversion formula is as follows:
wherein: external diameter of Di pipe
Inner diameter of Do pipe
Measuring temperature load
The mechanical strain is the strain required by load conversion; the strain gauge can measure the thermal expansion load without correction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011059216.7A CN112229717A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Load measuring method for pressure pipeline |
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| CN202011059216.7A CN112229717A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Load measuring method for pressure pipeline |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN113432894A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 广汽本田汽车有限公司 | Thrust detection system, method and equipment for automobile steering pull rod and storage medium |
| CN114562633A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-31 | 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 | Online repair method and device for shearing resistance of composite material of pressure pipeline |
| CN114777634A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | System and method for testing stress of buried pipeline under vehicle load |
| CN116067553A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-05 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Load measurement method for section steel of nuclear power plant |
| CN116147809A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-23 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113432894A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 广汽本田汽车有限公司 | Thrust detection system, method and equipment for automobile steering pull rod and storage medium |
| CN114562633A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-31 | 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 | Online repair method and device for shearing resistance of composite material of pressure pipeline |
| CN114777634A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | System and method for testing stress of buried pipeline under vehicle load |
| CN116067553A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-05 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Load measurement method for section steel of nuclear power plant |
| CN116147809A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-23 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation |
| CN116067553B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-05-10 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Load measurement method for section steel of nuclear power plant |
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