CN116147809A - Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation - Google Patents
Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation Download PDFInfo
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- CN116147809A CN116147809A CN202211624785.0A CN202211624785A CN116147809A CN 116147809 A CN116147809 A CN 116147809A CN 202211624785 A CN202211624785 A CN 202211624785A CN 116147809 A CN116147809 A CN 116147809A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/205—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using distributed sensing elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance
- G01L5/1627—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance of strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0212—Theories, calculations
- G01N2203/0216—Finite elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of engineering load detection, in particular to a load measurement method of a pressure pipeline based on a load-strain relation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering load detection, in particular to a load measurement method of a pressure pipeline based on a load-strain relation.
Background
The magnitude of the load directly affects whether the strength of the structure or member is reliable. The load measurement of a structure or a component is an important basis for industrial system design, on-line monitoring and reliability assessment. The field of energy industry currently mainly has a load measurement standard GB/T37257 which can be referred to in the field of wind power design. The standard measurement method (group bridge method) is only applicable to the pipeline or the tubular equiaxial symmetrical structure and has certain limitation.
Thus, there remains a need in the art for improvements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a load measuring method capable of measuring pressure pipeline load under the combined action of axial force, shearing force, bending moment and torque caused by internal pressure, mechanical load and thermal expansion.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a load measurement method of a pressure pipeline based on a load-strain relation, which comprises the following steps:
1) Attaching t strain gauges on the outer wall of the pressure pipeline to be tested around the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested, wherein t is more than or equal to 7;
2) Obtaining the strain generated by the unit force in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and recording the strain as CFx 1-CFxt; the strain generated at each strain gage by the unit force in the Y direction is recorded as CFy to CFyt; the strain generated at each strain gage by the unit force in the Z direction is recorded as CFz to CFzt;
3) Obtaining the strain generated by the unit moment in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and recording the strain as CMx-CMxt; the strain generated by the unit moment in the Y direction at each strain gage is recorded as CMy-CMyt; the strain generated by the unit moment in the Z direction at each strain gauge is recorded as CMz to CMzt;
4) Obtaining the internal pressure strain generated by the internal pressure of the pipeline unit at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and marking the internal pressure strain as Cpress 1-Cpress;
5) Measuring measured values epsilon 1-epsilon t of t strain gauges;
6) And (3) calculating the stress of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured in the direction X, Y, Z, the moment of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured in the directions Rx, ry and Rz and the internal pressure of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured based on the parameters obtained in the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5).
Further, in step 6), each parameter in step 2), step 3), step 4), and step 5) satisfies the following relationship:
fx is X-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
fy is the Y-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
fz is the Z-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mx is Rx directional moment received at the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
my is Ry moment applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mz is the Rz moment applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
press is the internal pressure received by the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
and (5) bringing the coefficients in the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5) into the coefficients, and obtaining the value of Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz, press.
Further, when t is greater than the number of load measurements, the relation described in claim 2 is an overdetermined equation set, and the value of Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz, press is obtained by the least square method.
Further, in this embodiment, more redundant strain gages may be set appropriately, when a portion of the strain gages in the plurality of strain gages have significant distortion or no value, the result may be selectively discarded, the relationship in step 6) is constructed by taking the rest of the strain gages, and the number of the strain gages participating in the calculation after discarding is at least 7.
Further, when the method described in the present invention is used to measure the load caused by thermal expansion, the measurement method described above may be used to measure the load, but special attention should be paid to selecting a strain gauge that can compensate for thermal expansion deformation of the structure to be measured, or to compensate for thermal expansion deformation of the structure to be measured during the measurement.
Further, if a strain gauge with thermal compensation is not selected, and when the temperature of the pipeline to be tested also changes along with the load change, the thermal compensation needs to be performed on the strain gauge. If the temperature change frequency and the load change frequency are greatly different, the influence of thermal expansion deformation on strain measurement can be filtered through a filtering mode. If the temperature change frequency is equivalent to the load change frequency, a compensation strain gauge capable of freely expanding can be attached to the position close to the strain measurement position, and the strain measurement is thermally compensated by subtracting the result of the compensation gauge from the measurement result of the strain gauge to be measured or subtracting the deformation result of the two strain gauges by self through a half-bridge group bridge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: besides being applicable to the load measurement of the pressure pipeline, the measuring principle is free from the limit of axial symmetry required by the measurement section, so that the measuring method can be applied to rod and beam structures with arbitrary section shapes in theory, and can also measure the internal pressure of the pipeline together when being applied to the load measurement of the pressure pipeline, and the measuring method is simpler and more in measured parameters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a patch method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a load measurement method of a pressure pipeline based on a load-strain relation, which comprises the following steps:
1) Attaching 7 strain gauges C1-C7 on the outer wall of the pressure pipeline to be tested around the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested, wherein the attaching directions of at least 2 strain gauges are not parallel to each other;
2) Obtaining the strain generated by the unit force in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and marking the strain as CFx 1-CFx 7; the strain generated by the unit force in the Y direction at each strain gage is CFy to CFy; the strain generated by the unit force in the Z direction at each strain gage is CFz to CFz;
3) Obtaining the dynamic strain generated by the unit moment in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and recording as CMx-CMx 7; the strain generated by the unit moment in the Y direction at each strain gage is CMy to CMy; the strain generated by the moment in the Z direction at each strain gage is recorded as CMz-CMz;
4) Obtaining the internal pressure strain generated by measuring the internal pressure of the pipeline unit at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and marking the internal pressure strain as Cpress 1-Cpress 7;
5) Measuring measured values epsilon 1-epsilon 7 of t strain gauges;
6) The parameters in step 3), step 4) and step 5) satisfy the following relationship:
fx is the X-direction force applied to the section of the section steel to be tested;
fy is the Y-direction force applied to the pressure pipeline to be tested;
fz is the Z-direction force applied to the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mx is Rx directional moment applied to the pressure pipeline to be tested;
my is Ry-direction moment applied to the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mz is the Rz-direction moment applied to the pressure pipeline to be tested;
press is the internal pressure received by the pressure pipeline to be tested;
and (5) bringing the coefficients in the steps 3), 4) and 5) into the coefficients, and obtaining the value of Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz, press.
Further, the number of strain measurements may be greater than the number of loads to be measured, but not less than the number of loads to be measured, and when the number of strain measurements is greater than the number of load measurements, the above equation set is an overdetermined equation set, and the overdetermined equation set is solved by a least square method. The strain at 8 or more positions can be measured by measuring Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz and 7 loads at the pressure, and the above-mentioned overdetermined equation set can be solved by the least square method.
Furthermore, a plurality of redundant strain gages can be additionally arranged, when the numerical value of part of the strain gages in the strain gages is obviously distorted or has no numerical value, the result can be selected to be discarded, the relation in the step 5) is constructed by taking the result of the rest strain gages, and the number of the rest strain gages after being discarded is not less than 7.
Further, when the method described in the present invention is used to measure the load caused by thermal expansion, the measurement method described above may be used to measure the load, but special attention should be paid to selecting a strain gauge that can compensate for thermal expansion deformation of the structure to be measured, or to compensate for thermal expansion deformation of the structure to be measured during the measurement.
Further, if a strain gauge with thermal compensation is not selected, and when the temperature of the pipeline to be tested also changes along with the load change, the thermal compensation needs to be performed on the strain gauge. If the temperature change frequency and the load change frequency are greatly different, the influence of thermal expansion deformation on strain measurement can be filtered through a filtering mode. If the temperature change frequency is equivalent to the load change frequency, a compensation strain gauge capable of freely expanding can be attached to the position close to the strain measurement position, and the strain measurement is thermally compensated by subtracting the result of the compensation gauge from the measurement result of the strain gauge to be measured or subtracting the deformation result of the two strain gauges by self through a half-bridge group bridge.
Specifically, when the mechanical load borne by the pipeline is to be measured, the following steps are performed:
first, a relationship matrix of pipe load and strain is established. In designing the strain gage patch mode, a patch mode with a load and strain relationship matrix coefficient determinant of 0 should be avoided, for example, all strain gages are arranged along the X direction in the same extending direction or are arranged around the circumference in the same extending direction. In this embodiment, the patch method is the method shown in fig. 1;
secondly, a load-strain relation matrix needs to be acquired, and any one of the following two modes can be used:
a. establishing a finite element model of the pressure pipeline to be tested, respectively applying unit loads of each load factor Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz and the internal pressure, and recording the strain of each designed patch mode position and direction under the action of the unit loads to form a load-strain relation matrix;
b. if the conditions allow, directly pasting strain gages on a pressure pipeline to be tested according to a designed patch mode, applying unit loads of each load factor Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz and internal pressure, and recording the strain of the patch positions to form a load-strain relation matrix;
and detecting the strain gauge by using an ohmmeter before the strain gauge is stuck, completing the sticking of the strain gauge according to the specification provided by a strain gauge supplier, connecting a measuring circuit, checking whether the reading of a data acquisition instrument is normal, and clearing the reading of the strain measurement instrument before the load to be measured occurs, and waiting for measurement.
When the strain measurement is carried out, after the load changes, recording the time history data of the 7 strain gauges in the whole load change process; if only the load in the final state is of interest, the reading for each strain gage at steady state where the load is no longer changing is recorded.
When carrying out load solving, selecting the recorded value of each strain gauge at the moment of interest, and solving the size of each load and the size of the inner pressure of the pipeline by solving an equation according to the method described in the steps 1) to 6).
The invention can be applied to load measurement of the pressure pipeline, and can be applied to rod and beam structures with arbitrary cross section shapes in theory because the measurement principle is free from the limit of axial symmetry required by the measurement cross section, and can also measure the internal pressure of the pipeline together when being applied to load measurement of the pressure pipeline, the test mode is simpler and more parameters can be measured.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. The load measurement method of the pressure pipeline based on the load-strain relation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Attaching t strain gauges on the outer wall of the pressure pipeline to be tested around the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested, wherein t is more than or equal to 7, and the attaching directions of at least 2 strain gauges are not parallel to each other;
2) Obtaining the strain generated by the unit force in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and recording the strain as CFx 1-CFxt; the strain generated at each strain gage by the unit force in the Y direction is recorded as CFy to CFyt; the strain generated at each strain gage by the unit force in the Z direction is recorded as CFz to CFzt;
3) Obtaining the strain generated by the unit moment in the X direction at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and recording the strain as CMx-CMxt; the strain generated by the unit moment in the Y direction at each strain gage is recorded as CMy-CMyt; the strain generated by the unit moment in the Z direction at each strain gauge is recorded as CMz to CMzt;
4) Obtaining the internal pressure strain generated by the internal pressure of the pipeline unit at each strain gauge through finite element calculation or actual measurement, and marking the internal pressure strain as Cpress 1-Cpress;
5) Measuring measured values epsilon 1-epsilon t of t strain gauges;
6) And (3) calculating the stress of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured in the direction X, Y, Z, the moment of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured in the directions Rx, ry and Rz and the internal pressure of the section of the pressure pipeline to be measured based on the parameters obtained in the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5).
2. The load measurement method of a pressure pipe based on a load-strain relationship according to claim 1, wherein in step 6), each parameter in step 2), step 3), step 4), and step 5) satisfies the following relationship:
fx is X-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
fy is the Y-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
fz is the Z-direction force applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mx is Rx directional moment received at the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
my is Ry moment applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
mz is the Rz moment applied to the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
press is the internal pressure received by the section of the pressure pipeline to be tested;
and (5) bringing the coefficients in the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5) into the coefficients, and obtaining the value of Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz, press.
3. The load measurement method of a pressure pipe based on the load-strain relationship according to claim 2, wherein when t is greater than the number of load measurements, the relationship in claim 2 is an overdetermined equation set, and the value of Fx, fy, fz, mx, my, mz, press is obtained by the least square method.
4. The method for measuring the load of the pressure pipeline based on the load-strain relation according to claim 2, wherein when the numerical value of part of the strain gauges in t strain gauges has obvious distortion or no numerical value, the result can be selectively discarded, the rest of the strain gauge parameters and the result are taken to construct the relation in the step 6), and the number of discarded part of the strain gauges is not more than t-7.
5. The load measurement method of a pressure pipe based on a load-strain relationship according to claim 1, wherein when the load of the pressure pipe to be measured is a load due to thermal expansion, thermal expansion deformation of the pressure pipe to be measured is compensated.
6. The load measurement method of a pressure pipeline based on a load-strain relationship according to claim 5, wherein the compensation of thermal expansion deformation of the pressure pipeline to be measured is specifically: and compensating the thermal expansion deformation of the pressure pipeline to be measured by adopting a strain gauge capable of compensating the thermal expansion deformation, or compensating the thermal expansion deformation of the pressure pipeline to be measured in the measuring process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211624785.0A CN116147809A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211624785.0A CN116147809A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation |
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| CN116147809A true CN116147809A (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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| CN202211624785.0A Pending CN116147809A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Load measurement method of pressure pipeline based on load-strain relation |
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