CN106336433B - 一种拟南芥活性组分提取物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种拟南芥活性组分提取物及其制备方法和应用,该提取物为新型的溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidic acid,LPA),通过将拟南芥的地上部组织粉碎后,置于甲醇中浸提,过滤浓缩,并对浸提物进行分离纯化获得。在酵母衰老模型K6001啤酒酵母细胞中,本发明从拟南芥中提取出的新型溶血磷脂酸能够显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,具有很强的抗衰老能力。本发明拟南芥活性组分提取物针对延缓衰老及治疗衰老性疾病方面的新药研发进行了基础性研究,具有重要的现实意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种拟南芥活性组分提取物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
根据最新统计数据,全世界60岁及以上老龄人口在2014年已经达到了9.01亿,预计到2050年这个数字将会超过20亿。世界已进入老龄化社会,随之而来的与衰老相关的疾病成为日益显著的问题。包括阿尔茨海默病在内的神经退行性疾病是世界性的医学难题之一。仅在中国,阿尔茨海默病的患者数量在2010年已增加至569万。在医药学领域,寻找防治老年性疾病的药物已经成为当务之急。
经过对衰老机制的长期研究,本领域内已形成多种衰老学说,包括程序衰老说、体细胞突变说、错误成灾说,自由基说、神经内分泌说、免疫衰老说、细胞之学说等等。由此可见,衰老是一个十分复杂的过程,即便是同一类抗衰老药物,其发挥药效的方式也不尽相同,彼此之间无必然联系。
溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)是迄今发现的一种最小、结构最简单的磷脂,它是真核细胞磷脂生物合成早期阶段的关键性前体,甘油磷脂代谢的中间产物。60年代初,Vogt等人在实验中观察到LPA能够引起兔离体肠平滑肌收缩,说明LPA不仅仅是生物膜的组成成分,还可能具有某些其他生物学功能。研究表明LPA作为一种细胞间的磷脂信使,可以激活G蛋白偶联受体,引起生长激素样作用,从而产生广泛的生物学效应。LPA对细胞的生长、增殖、分化及细胞内信息传递产生多种影响,在维持机体正常的生理功能、参与多种病理过程的发生发展均有重要的作用。
随着研究的不断深入,大量研究表明,LPA产生的生物学效应在多种重大疾病的发生中起着重要作用,不但具有重要的理论价值,而且为临床的早期诊断、治疗及疗效的判断提供了客观依据。LPA与缺血性心脑血管疾病、高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病等老年病发生发展的关系也越来越受到研究者的重视。
例如:Tokumura等证明LPA刺激体外培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的DNA合成增加(Tokumura A,Iimori M,Nishioka Y,et al.Lysophosphatidic acid induceproliferation of cultured rascular smooth muscle cells from rat aorta.Am Jphysiol,1994;267(1):204-210)。Seewald等观察到LPA诱导细胞内Ca2+浓度增加,同时细胞的Na+/H+交换也增加,其结果导致动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,血管腔狭窄(Seewald S,Sachinides A,Dusing R,et al.Lysophosphatidic acid and intracellular signalingin vascular smooth muscle cells.Atherosclerosis,1997,130(1~2):121-131)。Hayashi等发现,从人血清中提取的不饱和LPA可诱导血管平滑肌细胞表型的改变,促使细胞移行和增殖(Hayashi K,Takahashi M,Nishida W,et al.Phenotypic modulation ofvascular smooth muscle cells induced by unsaturated lysophosphatidicacids.Circ Res,2001,89(3):251-258)。何兰杰等研究发现,LPA通过G蛋白偶联受体诱导乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞cFOS基因表达增加,从而刺激心脏成纤维细胞增殖,参与急性心肌梗死后心肌重塑的形成和发展(何兰杰,韩变梅,马睿等.溶血磷脂酸及其受体在大鼠心肌重塑中的作用.基础医学与临床,2005;25(7):615-619)。张兆辉等研究表明,LPA通过增加线粒体内ROS形成,继而诱导神经元凋亡可能是其使小脑颗粒细胞损伤的机制之一并呈剂量依赖效应(张兆辉,卫涛涛,余绍祖等.溶血磷脂酸损伤小脑颗粒神经元并诱导细胞调亡.中华老年心血管病杂志,2002;4(2):123-126)。
LPA作为脂质第二信使,其生物学功能及对疾病发生发展的作用正被不断的发现。作为微血栓形成的预警分子,LPA的检测对临床心脑血管疾病早期发现的作用也越来越被重视。
溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)包含磷酸基团、甘油骨架及长链脂肪酸三部分,作为类生长因子的脂类信号分子,其一般由血小板、成纤维细胞、癌细胞、脂肪细胞、神经细胞、某些炎症细胞、内皮细胞受到各种刺激后生成,并通过内分泌和旁/自分泌的方式释放。然而,本申请人从拟南芥中分离纯化得到一种新型结构的溶血磷脂酸,并且发现该新化合物能够显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,具有较强的抗衰老能力。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种拟南芥活性组分提取物及其制备方法和应用,该拟南芥活性组分提取物为新型的溶血磷脂酸,具有较强的抗衰老能力。
一种拟南芥活性组分提取物,该提取物为新型的溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidicacid,LPA),其结构式如下:
上述拟南芥活性组分提取物为无色粉末,分子式为C22H38O7P;1H NMR和13C NMR结果如表1所示。
本发明提供了一种所述拟南芥活性组分提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取拟南芥的地上部组织,粉碎后,置于甲醇中浸提,过滤浓缩,获得浸提物;
(2)对浸提物进行分离纯化,获得所述拟南芥活性组分提取物。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,所述浸提的温度为25~30℃,时间为15~25h。更优选,所述浸提的温度为25℃,时间为20h。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述分离纯化的过程包括:
(a)以氯仿:甲醇溶剂系统作洗脱剂,对浸提物进行第一次分离,获得目标馏分I;
(b)以甲醇:水溶剂系统作洗脱剂,对所述目标馏分I进行第二次分离,获得目标馏分II;
(c)以乙腈水溶液为流动相,利用反相HPLC对所述目标馏分II进行第三次分离,获得活性馏分;
(d)以甲醇水溶液为流动相,利用反相HPLC对活性馏分进行第四次分离,获得所述拟南芥活性组分提取物。
步骤(a)中,采用硅胶开口柱进行分离;氯仿:甲醇溶剂系统按体积比80:20、60:40、20:80、0:100依次洗脱,体积比20:80洗脱的馏分为目标馏分I。
步骤(b)中,采用十八烷基键合硅胶开口柱进行分离;甲醇:水溶剂系统按照体积比40:60、50:50、60:40、70:30、80:20、100:0依次洗脱,体积比70:30洗脱的馏分为目标馏分II。
步骤(c)中,以体积分数计,所述流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的50~80%乙腈水溶液;分离过程中,取保留时间为35.5分钟的馏分,得到活性馏分。
步骤(d)中,以体积分数计,所述流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的75%甲醇水溶液;分离过程中,取保留时间为98分钟的馏分,得到拟南芥活性组分提取物。
本发明还提供了所述拟南芥活性组分提取物在制备抗衰老药物中的应用。研究表明,该提取物在抗衰老化合物的体外筛选模型中,可以显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
为了进一步探究上述提取物在抗衰老方面的作用机理,我们通过该提取物进行了抗衰老机理研究,发现该提取物(即LPA)是通过调节UTH1基因的表达,减少活性氧自由基(ROS)的产生,提高抗氧化能力,从而实现酵母细胞复制性寿命的延长的。
根据氧化自由基学说,氧化压力是导致衰老的主要原因。即使在正常条件下线粒体也会产生有害的代谢产物—活性氧(ROS),这些物质会破坏细胞膜和生物大分子,例如蛋白和核酸,进而破坏细胞的功能,引起衰老和死亡。
UTH1是一个与氧化应激相关的基因。UTH1敲除后的酵母不仅能显著延长其在营养缺乏时的寿命,还能增强其对过氧化物的耐受性。转录因子Skn7能够感受氧化压力,进而激活下游的与氧化应激相关的基因。研究发现,拟南芥活性组分提取物(LPA)的抗衰老活性与基因UTH1,Skn7相关。
本发明还提供了一种抗衰老药物或保健品,由所述的拟南芥活性组分提取物和药学上可接受的载体组成。
所述药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体,如填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂等。
所述填充剂可采用淀粉、蔗糖或微晶纤维素;所述粘合剂可采用淀粉浆、羟丙纤维素、明胶或聚乙二醇;所述湿润剂可采用硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶或聚乙二醇类;所述吸收促进剂可采用聚山梨脂或卵磷脂;所述表面活性剂可采用伯洛沙姆、脂肪酸山梨坦或聚山梨脂。另外还可以加入其它辅剂如香味剂、甜味剂等。
所述抗衰老药物或保健品的剂型可以是片剂,丸剂,粉剂,分散片,小药囊剂,酏剂,混悬剂,乳剂,溶液剂,糖浆剂,气雾剂,软胶囊,硬胶囊,无菌注射液,搽剂或栓剂;可制成常规、速释、缓释或延迟释放制剂。
本发明的抗衰老药物或保健品可通过各种途径给予,包括口服、鼻腔、肌肉注射、皮下注射、静脉注射等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)在酵母衰老模型K6001啤酒酵母细胞中,本发明从拟南芥中提取出的新型溶血磷脂酸能够显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,具有很强的抗衰老能力。
(2)本发明拟南芥活性组分提取物对延缓衰老及治疗衰老性疾病方面的新药研发进行基础性研究,具有重要的现实意义。
附图说明
图1为从拟南芥中获得的活性化合物LPA的化学结构式。
图2为实施例2中制备获得的拟南芥活性化合物LPA对酵母K6001复制性寿命的影响结果;
其中,Control表示阴性对照;Res(Resveratrol)为阳性对照白藜芦醇(10μM);1为活性化合物LPA,1 10μM表示浓度为10μM的LPA,1 30μM表示浓度为30μM的LPA。
图3为实施例3中活性化合物LPA对酵母突变菌株Δuth1复制性寿命的影响结果;
其中,Control(K6001)表示未添加活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母;Control(Δuth1)表示未添加活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δuth1);1 10μM(Δuth1)表示添加10μM活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δuth1)。
图4为实施例3中活性化合物LPA对酵母突变菌株Δskn7复制性寿命的影响结果。
其中,Control(K6001)表示未添加活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母;Control(Δskn7)表示未添加活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δskn7);1 10μM(Δskn7)表示添加10μM活性化合物LPA的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δskn7)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、拟南芥中活性化合物LPA的制备,具体步骤如下:
(1)将1.05kg拟南芥置于甲醇(工业级)中,室温下浸提20小时(震荡);经抽滤浓缩后,得到甲醇浸提物29.5g。
(2)将甲醇浸提物用硅胶开口柱进行分离(200-300目),以氯仿∶甲醇溶剂系统作洗脱剂,按氯仿∶甲醇的体积比=80:20、60:40、20:80、0:100,依次洗脱,取体积比20:80洗脱的馏分9.1g。
(3)将步骤(2)所取馏分用ODS开口柱进行纯化,以甲醇∶水溶剂系统作洗脱剂,按甲醇∶水的体积比=40:60、50:50、60:40、70:30、80:20、100:0依次洗脱,取体积比70:30洗脱的馏分145mg。
(4)取步骤(3)所取馏分,用反向HPLC纯化,色谱条件:色谱柱ODS-HG-5(10/250mm),流速3ml/min,检测波长210nm,流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的50%-80%乙腈水溶液,得到活性馏分19.4mg(保留时间为35.5min)。
(5)将步骤(4)的活性馏分用反向HPLC纯化,色谱条件:色谱柱ODS-HG-5(10/250mm),流速3ml/min,检测波长210nm,流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的75%甲醇水溶液,得到活性化合物LPA 10.5mg(保留时间为98min)。
2、活性化合物LPA的理化特征及化学结构分析
经13C NMR、1H NMR、HRMS分析,结果如下:
化合物LPA的理化性质:无色粉末,分子式为C22H38O7P,结构式如图1所示;高分辨率质谱ESI-TOF-MS m/z 445.2365,1H NMR和13C NMR的数据见下表1。
表1 LPA 1H NMR和13C NMR数据(CDCl3:CD3OD=4:1)
实施例2 拟南芥中活性化合物LPA的抗衰老活性分析
目前,用于抗衰老研究的生物模型主要有老鼠,线虫,果蝇和酵母。本实施例选择酿酒酵母作为抗衰老研究的活性系统;因为酵母是单细胞的真核生物,生命周期短,已获其完整的基因组数据,是目前常用的衰老模型生物。
与此同时,以白藜芦醇作为阳性对照,白藜芦醇是目前众所周知的、在多种动物模型上显示抗衰老作用的小分子化合物。
分析方法的步骤如下:
(1)从-30℃冰箱取出K6001酵母菌株,用PBS洗涤三次,每次5ml,除去其中的甘油;再加入1ml PBS,吹打,使其悬浮后加入到5ml液体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,3%的半乳糖)中;28℃振摇(160r/min)培养48小时。
(2)培养结束后,用5ml PBS洗涤三次,除去其中的液体培养基,用血球计数板计数,计算酵母的浓度。
(3)采用无水乙醇作溶剂,配制10μM,30μM的LPA,10μM的白藜芦醇,备用。
(4)在灭过菌的培养皿中加入5ml的固体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,2%的葡萄糖,2%的琼脂粉),待培养基凝固后,向其中分别加入步骤(3)中配制好的样品,溶剂挥发后加入4000个酵母,用涂布器涂抹均匀,28℃恒温培养48小时。
(5)显微镜下每皿随机数出40个母细胞分别产生的子细胞个数,并记录、作图分析,结果见图2。
由图2可知,阴性对照(未添加样品)的平均寿命为8.90±0.57,阳性对照(添加10μM的白藜芦醇)是11.33±0.71**;10μM,30μM浓度的LPA分别是12.20±0.76***,11.58±0.65**。
因此,LPA能延长酵母的复制性寿命,且在低浓度下活性最好。
实施例3 拟南芥中活性化合物LPA抗衰老机制分析
1、测试LPA在10μM的活性浓度下是否能够延长敲除了UTH1基因的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δuth1)的复制性寿命。
分析方法的步骤如下:
(1)从-30℃冰箱取出K6001酵母菌株和K6001酵母突变菌株(Δuth1),用PBS洗涤三次,每次5ml,除去其中的甘油;再加入1ml PBS,吹打,使其悬浮后加入到5ml液体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,3%的半乳糖)中;28℃振摇(160r/min)培养48小时。
(2)培养结束后,用5ml PBS洗涤三次,除去其中的液体培养基,用血球计数板计数,计算酵母的浓度。
(3)采用无水乙醇作溶剂,配制10μM的LPA,备用。
(4)在灭过菌的培养皿中加入5ml的固体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,2%的葡萄糖,2%的琼脂粉),待培养基凝固后,向其中分别加入步骤(3)中配制好的样品,溶剂挥发后。加入4000个酵母(K6001酵母菌株或者K6001酵母突变菌株(Δuth1)),用涂布器涂抹均匀,28℃恒温培养48小时。
(5)显微镜下每皿随机数出40个母细胞分别产生的子细胞个数,并记录、作图分析,结果见图3。
2、测试LPA在10μM的活性浓度下是否能够延长敲除了Skn7基因的K6001酵母突变菌株(Δskn7)的复制性寿命。
分析方法的步骤如下:
(1)从-30℃冰箱取出K6001酵母菌株和K6001酵母突变菌株(Skn7),用PBS洗涤三次,每次5ml,除去其中的甘油;再加入1ml PBS,吹打,使其悬浮后加入到5ml液体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,3%的半乳糖)中;28℃振摇(160r/min)培养48小时。
(2)培养结束后,用5ml PBS洗涤三次,除去其中的液体培养基,用血球计数板计数,计算酵母的浓度。
(3)采用无水乙醇作溶剂,配制10μM LPA,备用。
(4)在灭过菌的培养皿中加入5ml的固体培养基(1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,2%的葡萄糖,2%的琼脂粉),待培养基凝固后,向其中分别加入步骤(3)中配制好的样品,溶剂挥发后,加入4000个酵母(K6001酵母菌株或者K6001酵母突变菌株(Skn7)),用涂布器涂抹均匀,28℃恒温培养48小时。
(5)显微镜下每皿随机数出40个母细胞分别产生的子细胞个数,并记录、作图分析,结果见图4。
由图3和4可见,10μM的LPA能延长K6001的复制性寿命,但却不能延长Δuth1和Δskn7的复制性寿命,说明LPA通过调节基因UTH1,Skn7的表达延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
Claims (10)
1.一种拟南芥活性组分提取物,其特征在于,所述拟南芥活性组分提取物的结构式,如式(I)所示:
2.一种如权利要求1所述拟南芥活性组分提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取拟南芥的地上部组织,粉碎后,置于甲醇中浸提,过滤浓缩,获得浸提物;
(2)对浸提物进行分离纯化,获得所述拟南芥活性组分提取物。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述浸提的温度为25~30℃,时间为15~25h。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述分离纯化的过程包括:
(a)以氯仿:甲醇溶剂系统作洗脱剂,对浸提物进行第一次分离,获得目标馏分I;
(b)以甲醇:水溶剂系统作洗脱剂,对所述目标馏分I进行第二次分离,获得目标馏分II;
(c)以乙腈水溶液为流动相,利用反相HPLC对所述目标馏分II进行第三次分离,获得活性馏分;
(d)以甲醇水溶液为流动相,利用反相HPLC对活性馏分进行第四次分离,获得所述拟南芥活性组分提取物。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,氯仿:甲醇溶剂系统按体积比80:20、60:40、20:80、0:100依次洗脱,体积比20:80洗脱的馏分为目标馏分I。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,甲醇:水溶剂系统按照体积比40:60、50:50、60:40、70:30、80:20、100:0依次洗脱,体积比70:30洗脱的馏分为目标馏分II。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,以体积分数计,所述流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的50~80%乙腈水溶液;分离过程中,取保留时间为35.5分钟的馏分,得到活性馏分。
8.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)中,以体积分数计,所述流动相为含有0.05%三氟乙酸的75%甲醇水溶液;分离过程中,取保留时间为98分钟的馏分,得到拟南芥活性组分提取物。
9.如权利要求1所述的拟南芥活性组分提取物在制备抗衰老药物中的应用。
10.一种抗衰老药物或保健品,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的拟南芥活性组分提取物和药学上可接受的载体组成。
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