CN106334137B - 一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂 - Google Patents

一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂 Download PDF

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CN106334137B
CN106334137B CN201610964254.4A CN201610964254A CN106334137B CN 106334137 B CN106334137 B CN 106334137B CN 201610964254 A CN201610964254 A CN 201610964254A CN 106334137 B CN106334137 B CN 106334137B
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powder
chinese herbal
feed additive
pork pig
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CN106334137A (zh
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应朝阳
李振武
林忠宁
陆烝
黄秀声
杨有泉
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Institute of Agricultural Ecology of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明属于肉猪饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。制备方法包括：将北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮依次用60%‑90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再与桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。本发明的原料科学合理，制备过程可操作性强，制备的添加剂适口性良好，能有效预防肉猪呼吸道疾病的发生，提高肉猪的生产性能、抗应激和免疫力，改善猪肉的品质和营养价值。

Description

一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂
技术领域
本发明属于肉猪饲料技术领域，更具体涉及一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
中草药是天然的绿色植物，兼有营养和药用的两种属性，具有促进动物生长发育，提高饲料利用率等功能，已经在肉猪的饲养中有应用，但是目前中草药饲料添加剂主要针对肉猪的生产性能、免疫力方面上，而针对预防肉猪呼吸道疾病方面的较少，而且效果不够明显；呼吸道疾病如咳嗽、流感、哮喘等是近年来频繁发生的猪病之一，严重影响肉猪的生长甚至死亡，给养殖企业或农户造成重大的经济损失，目前，针对此些猪病主要采用抗生素治疗，带来比较严重的药物残留问题，而用中草药来治疗此类猪病，可以很好解决药物残留问题；同时，不少中草药饲料添加剂组方不够科学严谨，适口性差，中草药饲料添加剂多为经干燥、粉碎、混合而成的散剂，制作工艺落后，添加量过大，制约了肉猪中草药饲料添加剂的推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法，原料科学合理，制备过程可操作性强，制备的添加剂适口性良好，能有效预防肉猪呼吸道疾病的发生，提高肉猪的生产性能、抗应激和免疫力，改善猪肉的品质和营养价值。
一种预防肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：桑叶2-10份，菊花2-10份，北杏仁2-10份，枇杷叶2-10份，三叶鬼针草2-10份，糙薏米2-10份，芦根2-10份，大青叶2-10份，黄芪2-8份，白术2-8份，薄荷2-8份，荆芥2-8份，瓜蒌2-6份，茯苓2-6份，桔梗2-6份，鱼腥草1-5份，忍冬藤1-5份，炒麦芽1-5份，昆布1-5份，陈皮1-3份，山楂1-3份，罗汉果1-3份，甘草1-3份。
本发明中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括：将北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮依次用60%-90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再与桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。
具体步骤如下：
（1）、粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80-160目的筛网，备用；
（2）、浸提：北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮用药物4-8倍重量体积的质量浓度为60%-90%乙醇回流提取0.5-1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物4-8倍重量体积的饮用水回流浸提2-3次，温度85-95℃，每次0.5-1.5小时，收集提取液b；桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草加入药物4-8倍重量体积的饮用水煎煮2-3次，每次0.5-1.5小时，温度85-95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）、浓缩：将步骤⑵的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40-60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.10的浓缩液；
（4）、喷雾干燥：加入占浓缩液重量比为1%-3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）、配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02-0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03-0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）、过筛： 过80-160目筛网；
（7）、混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
本发明的中草药饲料添加剂应用为：将所述添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比为0.1-0.5%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料（粉料）中，拌匀后进行喂饲，或者以预混料形式添加到肉猪基础日粮配方中造粒成颗粒饲料进行喂饲，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
本发明的显著优点是：
（1）、本发明的制备方法采取浸提、浓缩与喷雾的方法，可以做到了饲料添加剂的“微量化、高效化”，方便生产、运输和喂饲，适应现代肉猪规模化养殖的需求，同时对北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮等药材采用先醇提再水提的浸提方法，确保这些药材的脂溶性成分与水溶性成分一起浸提出来，最大限度地保证中草药饲料添加剂的功效。
（2）、本发明的中草药饲料添加剂运用传统及现代中医药理论，以纯中药配伍，组方科学，配合合理，该中草药饲料添加剂组方中薄荷、荆芥、桑叶、菊花和忍冬藤分别具有不同程度的疏散风热的功效，协同应用有很好的预防治疗呼吸道系统疾病；北杏仁、枇杷叶、陈皮、瓜蒌、昆布、罗汉果、桔梗、芦根和甘草分别具有不同程度的润肺、化痰、止咳、利咽等功效，协同应用有很好的治疗呼吸道系统疾病引起的各种症状；三叶鬼针草、大青叶、鱼腥草、芦根、糙薏米和甘草分别具有不同程度的清热解热的功效，协同应用有很好消炎抑菌抗病毒作用；黄芪、白术、茯苓、桔梗、昆布、炒麦芽、陈皮、山楂和甘草分别具有不同程度的健脾胃、补气血、消食、安神的功效，协同应用有很好促生长、抗应激、提高免疫力的作用。
（3）、本发明对肉猪呼吸道疾病有明显的预防作用，咳嗽发生率比对照组（常规不添加药物）降低63.9%-91.4%；对肉猪的生长性能和免疫力均有明显的提高作用，与对照组相比，其中料肉比降低9.5%-20.2%，肉猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgA的含量提高9.8%-22.3%，免疫球蛋白IgM的含量提高13.6%-19.7%，免疫球蛋白IgG的含量提高12.1%-15.8%；同时，对猪肉品质也有改善作用，与对照组相比，其中眼肌面积提高9.0-16.3%，熟肉率提高6.6%-8.3%、总氨基酸含量提高7.5%-13.2%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高13.3%-25.6%。。
（4）、本发明对肉猪呼吸道疾病有明显的治疗作用，治疗总有效率达75.3%-85.9%，与西药组（支原净+阿莫西林+金霉素）接近，在治疗的同时，还可以提高仔猪的生长性能，改善猪肉品质，与西药组比，料肉比降低12.5%-25.7%，眼肌面积提高6.6%-12.1%，熟肉率提高3.4%-6.6%、总氨基酸含量提高6.5%-10.8%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高12.4%-21.5%。
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的几个具体实例，进一步描述本发明，但是本发明不仅限于此。
实例1
一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：桑叶10份，菊花10份，北杏仁10份，枇杷叶10份，三叶鬼针草2份，糙薏米2份，芦根2份，大青叶2份，黄芪8份，白术8份，薄荷2份，荆芥2份，瓜蒌6份，茯苓4份，桔梗2份，鱼腥草5份，忍冬藤5份，炒麦芽1份，昆布1份，陈皮3份，山楂3份，罗汉果1份，甘草1份。(合计100份)
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮用药物重量体积8倍的质量浓度为60%乙醇回流提取1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积8倍的饮用水回流浸提2次，温度85℃，每次1.5小时，收集提取液b；桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草加入药物重量体积8倍的饮用水煎煮2次，每次1.5小时，温度85℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为1%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02%CMC和重量比为0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过80目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，包括：将中草药饲料添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比0.1%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料中，拌匀后进行喂饲。该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
实例2
一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：桑叶6份，菊花6份，北杏仁6份，枇杷叶6份，三叶鬼针草6份，糙薏米6份，芦根6份，大青叶6份，黄芪5份，白术5份，薄荷5份，荆芥5份，瓜蒌2份，茯苓6份，桔梗4份，鱼腥草3份，忍冬藤3份，炒麦芽3份，昆布3份，陈皮2份，山楂2份，罗汉果2份，甘草2份。(合计100份)
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过120目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮用药物重量体积6倍的质量浓度为70%乙醇回流提取1.0小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积6倍的饮用水回流浸提2次，温度90℃，每次1.0小时，收集提取液b；桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草加入药物重量体积6倍的饮用水煎煮3次，每次1.0小时，温度90℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至50℃时相对密度为1.08的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为2%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.03%CMC和重量比为0.04%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过120目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，包括：中草药饲料添加剂以预混料形式添加到肉猪基础日粮配方中造粒成颗粒饲料进行喂饲，中草药饲料添加剂的加入量占重量比0.5%，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
实例3
一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：桑叶2份，菊花2份，北杏仁2份，枇杷叶2份，三叶鬼针草10份，糙薏米10份，芦根10份，大青叶10份，黄芪2份，白术2份，薄荷8份，荆芥8份，瓜蒌4份，茯苓2份，桔梗6份，鱼腥草1份，忍冬藤1份，炒麦芽5份，昆布5份，陈皮1份，山楂1份，罗汉果3份，甘草3份。(合计100份)
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过160目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮用药物重量体积4倍的质量浓度为90%乙醇回流提取0.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积4倍的饮用水回流浸提3次，温度95℃，每次0.5小时，收集提取液b；桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草加入药物重量体积4倍的饮用水煎煮3次，每次0.5小时，温度95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.10的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过160目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，包括：将中草药饲料添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比0.3%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料中，拌匀后进行喂饲，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
本发明的具体实施效果
本发明对肉猪呼吸道疾病有明显的预防作用，咳嗽发生率比对照组（常规不添加药物）降低63.9%-91.4%；对肉猪的生长性能和免疫力均有明显的提高作用，与对照组相比，其中料肉比降低9.5%-20.2%，肉猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgA的含量提高9.8%-22.3%，免疫球蛋白IgM的含量提高13.6%-19.7%，免疫球蛋白IgG的含量提高12.1%-15.8%；同时，对猪肉品质也有改善作用，与对照组相比，其中眼肌面积提高9.0-16.3%，熟肉率提高6.6%-8.3%、总氨基酸含量提高7.5%-13.2%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高13.3%-25.6%。
本发明对肉猪呼吸道疾病有明显的治疗作用，治疗总有效率达75.3%-85.9%，与西药组（支原净+阿莫西林+金霉素）接近，在治疗的同时，还可以提高仔猪的生长性能，改善猪肉品质，与西药组比，料肉比降低12.5%-25.7%，眼肌面积提高6.6%-12.1%，熟肉率提高3.4%-6.6%、总氨基酸含量提高6.5%-10.8%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高12.4%-21.5%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种预防和治疗肉猪呼吸道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：桑叶2-10份，菊花2-10份，北杏仁2-10份，枇杷叶2-10份，三叶鬼针草2-10份，糙薏米2-10份，芦根2-10份，大青叶2-10份，黄芪2-8份，白术2-8份，薄荷2-8份，荆芥2-8份，瓜蒌2-6份，茯苓2-6份，桔梗2-6份，鱼腥草1-5份，忍冬藤1-5份，炒麦芽1-5份，昆布1-5份，陈皮1-3份，山楂1-3份，罗汉果1-3份，甘草1-3份。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括：将北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮依次用60%-90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再与桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80-160目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：北杏仁、糙薏米、薄荷、荆芥和陈皮用药物重量体积4-8倍的质量浓度为60%-90%乙醇回流提取0.5-1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积4-8倍的饮用水回流浸提2-3次，温度85-95℃，每次0.5-1.5小时，收集提取液b；桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶、三叶鬼针草、芦根、大青叶、黄芪、白术、瓜蒌、茯苓、桔梗、鱼腥草、忍冬藤、山楂、罗汉果和甘草加入药物重量体积4-8倍的饮用水煎煮2-3次，每次0.5-1.5小时，温度85-95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40-60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.10的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为1%-3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02-0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03-0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过80-160目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
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