CN106329567A - Photovoltaic grid-connected system based on FPGA and realization method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid-connected system based on FPGA and realization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic grid-connected system based on an FPGA and a realization method thereof. The system comprises following apparatuses: a photovoltaic cell PV, a voltage-stabilizing capacitor, a DC/DC converting circuit, a direct current bus, a DC/AC full-bridge inverter, a core controller FPGA, an alternating current power grid and power supply device, a Web server, and a computer or a mobile terminal etc., the core controller FPGA employs a heterogeneous double-core mode, core-1 generates PWM driving signals of the pre-stage DC/DC converting circuit and the post-stage DC/AC full-bridge inverter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control signals, and core-0 performs functions of network service, a database, and remote monitoring etc. through a Linux system. The system and the realization method thereof are advantageous in that the heterogeneous double-core FPGA can process tasks in parallel, flexible combination of various functions is realized, and the operation efficiency of the system is improved; the expansion of the double-core system is easy, high processing performance can be combined with small size, and the system with the appearance is also advantaged by low power consumption and low heat generated by calculation of the power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of new energies, particularly relate to a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA and realization side thereof
Method.
Background technology
Along with the quick consumption of the global reserves energy, the supply of the traditional energies such as such as coal, oil, natural gas is the tightest
, in order to alleviate energy and environment crisis, the exploitation of a regenerative resource such as wind energy, solar energy are paid high attention to.
Nearly ten years, solar photovoltaic industry is developed rapidly, and photovoltaic installation total amount is in the world in explosive increase trend.
Only in 2013, whole world photovoltaic installed capacity increases 38.7GW newly, and total installation of generating capacity reaches 140.6GW, and photovoltaic industry has been enter into newly
Developing period.
The most adjoint a series of grid-connected problem shows especially the most further, and such as, photovoltaic parallel in system is to electrical network electric energy matter
The problems such as the problem that affects of amount, the control problem of inverter, low voltage crossing.Photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system generates electricity not due to it
Seriality and randomness, system output instability, input line voltage produces fluctuation, thus electrical network is produced a series of electric energy matter
Impact in terms of amount.Power electronic equipment in grid-connected system, is realizing voltage x current such as DC/DC translation circuit, inverter etc.
While process, harmonic current can be produced, make voltage waveform produce distortion.The control problem of inverter is and is ensureing output electricity
While pressure and line voltage are with frequency homophase, effectively control output electric current and reduce the harmonic wave impact on electrical network.Meanwhile, electrical network is worked as
During voltage generation bust, the stability of power distribution network will be had a strong impact on, thus affect the properly functioning of electrical network.In order to carry to greatest extent
High solar utilization rate, it is achieved photovoltaic generation the most grid-connected, the photovoltaic parallel in system of research real-time high-efficiency is imperative.
For current photovoltaic parallel in system, the domestic function to photovoltaic parallel in system control to be used mostly single-chip microcomputer,
The serial structure controllers such as digital signal processor DSP or integrated circuit ASIC, its speed of service and extensibility need to carry
High.Programmable logic array FPGA based on parallel organization computing can the unit module of self-defined difference in functionality, have integrated
Degree is high, resource distribution flexibly and the feature such as autgmentability is strong, provide good hardware foundation for photovoltaic parallel in system.Secondly, directly
Stream, the control signal of AC converter produce frequently with voltage and current double closed-loop PI control method, and the method realizes simple, but it
Depending on controlled volume error, it controls speed and robustness need to improve.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is devoted to develop a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA and realization side thereof
Method, have that integrated level is high, resource distribution flexibly and the feature such as autgmentability is strong, improve and control speed and robustness.
Summary of the invention
Because the drawbacks described above of prior art, the technical problem to be solved is based on FPGA design the most also
Net photovoltaic system, have that integrated level is high, resource distribution flexibly and the feature such as autgmentability is strong, improve and control speed and robustness.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, including photovoltaic cell PV,
Electric capacity of voltage regulation, DC/DC translation circuit, dc bus, DC/AC full-bridge inverter, core controller FPGA, AC network and confession
Electricity equipment, Web server, computer or mobile terminal；Photovoltaic cell PV output is in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation, and electric capacity of voltage regulation exports
Series filtering inductance L1 is in parallel with DC/DC translation circuit again, and the output of DC/DC translation circuit is through single-phase diode with electric capacity of voltage regulation also
Connection, then connect DC/AC full-bridge inverter through dc bus, inverter output series filtering inductance L2 is connected in parallel to through electric capacity of voltage regulation again
AC network, core controller FPGA is configured to gather output voltage and current information, the DC/DC translation circuit of photovoltaic cell
Output voltage information and line voltage, current information, the signal needed for being produced by self-defined driving and control module is given
Grid-connected system；Core controller FPGA is configured to connect Web server, realizes system by computer or mobile terminal and supervises
Survey.
Further, the described photovoltaic cell PV in photovoltaic generation uses MPPT maximum power point tracking control strategy, passes through core
The load resistance that the core 1 self-defining MPPT functional module of heart controller FPGA regulates in photovoltaic cell equivalent model follows electricity
Pond internal resistance；Described photovoltaic cell equivalent model is by equivalent current source Iph, forward diode Id, electric capacity Cj, PN junction by-pass shunt electricity
Resistance Rsh, series resistance RsWith load RLComposition.
Further, described DC/DC translation circuit uses boost boost conversion circuit, the electric energy producing photovoltaic inversion
Carry out boosting process.
Further, described DC/AC full-bridge inverter is configured to the single-phase full bridge inverter circuit of H bridge topological structure, its
Middle power switch pipe is voltage driven type MOSFET pipe, model IRF3710, maximum voltage 500V, maximum current 57A；Power is opened
The drive circuit closing pipe is configured to SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation and light-coupled isolation, and isolation circuit uses dual pathways HCPL-2630
Chip realizes voltage isolation, and driving chip uses special chip IR2410.
Further, described core controller FPGA is the Zynq-7000 of heterogeneous dual-core, in core controller FPGA,
System merit is configured to hardware layer, system layer and application layer；Wherein, core 1 be configured to realize photovoltaic parallel in system MPPT,
SPWM, CAP and ADC control, and core 0 is configured to transplant linux system and realizes photovoltaic monitoring, including: Telnet, data storage
And man-machine interaction, to be configured to can carry out real time data mutual for dinuclear simultaneously.
Further, the overall architecture of described core 1 includes SPWM module, CAP trapping module and MPPT module, described SPWM
Module is configured to use control voltage and current double closed-loop sliding mode control strategy, the frequency of described CAP module and Phase Tracking to lead to
Crossing phaselocked loop to realize, described phaselocked loop is a closed-loop control system, by frequency and the phase place of detection line voltage in real time, enters
Row, from motion tracking, makes the frequency of inverter output current and phase place basically identical with line voltage, and its control accuracy directly affects
The grid-connected performance of photovoltaic system.
Further, the overall architecture of described core 0 includes transplanting the linux system file of compiling, Web interactive interface and many
The application program of thread, described Web interactive interface is called by cgi script and realizes the information of web interface and main frame alternately, described
The application program of multithreading comprises web data and receives and send communication thread between thread, database purchase thread, double-core, crosses stream
Overvoltage and system exception protection thread.
Further, it is embedded that Web server is configured to Boa, and the standard interface of Boa server and application program uses
CGI；Database Systems are small-sized SQLite data base；Man machine interface includes that login interface, photovoltaic administration interface, real time information show
Show interface and historical data display interface.
Further, described core 0 runs linux system, described core 1 runs grid-connected application program, described core 0 and core
The publicly-owned resource of 1 is configured to publicly-owned resource OCM and realizes communicating with private privileges, and described OCM is configured in one piece of company
Resources allocation in continuous internal memory, the address after using internal memory to map accesses；Described core 0 and core 1 have employed question and answer mechanism and avoids
Dinuclear produces communication contention aware.
Present invention also offers the implementation method of a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, comprise the following steps: use
Any one described photovoltaic parallel in system of claim 1～9；Controller FPGA gathers the associated voltage in photovoltaic parallel in system
Current signal, through process and the transmission of core 1, obtains DC/DC translation circuit, the driving of DC/AC full-bridge inverter and photovoltaic electric
The control signal in pond, and be applied in grid-connected system；Photovoltaic cell converts the solar into electric energy, rises buckling through boost
Change the input that circuit raises allows to inverter circuit；Then through full bridge inverter, DC voltage become suitable alternating voltage
It is fed back to AC network, thus realizes the most grid-connected of photovoltaic generation；Meanwhile, it is mutual that core 0 and core 1 carry out real time data,
Remotely monitoring photovoltaic parallel in system on linux system, monitoring system comprises user's login, data base, the webserver, exploitation
Web page and the communication of multithreading；User checks system running state and real-time, history number by mobile device or computer
It is believed that breath.
It is an object of the invention to overcome photovoltaic parallel in system the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of photovoltaic based on FPGA
Grid-connected system, using heterogeneous dual-core FPGA as core controller, can realize the flexible combination of difference in functionality, improve system controlling
Can, The present invention gives grid-connected concrete methods of realizing simultaneously, mainly adopt the following technical scheme that
A kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, including following device: photovoltaic cell PV, electric capacity of voltage regulation, DC/DC convert
Circuit, dc bus, DC/AC full-bridge inverter, core controller FPGA, AC network and power supply unit, Web server,
Computer or mobile terminal etc..Photovoltaic cell output in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation, electric capacity export series filtering inductance L1 again with DC/
DC translation circuit is in parallel, and the output of DC/DC translation circuit is in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation through single-phase diode, then connects through dc bus
DC/AC full-bridge inverter, inverter output series filtering inductance L2 is connected in parallel to AC network through electric capacity of voltage regulation again.Core controller
FPGA then gathers output voltage and current information, the output voltage information of DC/DC translation circuit and the electrical network electricity of photovoltaic cell
Pressure, current information, the signal needed for being produced by self-defined driving and control module is to grid-connected system.It connects Web clothes simultaneously
Business device, realizes system monitoring by computer or mobile terminal.
PV part in described photovoltaic generation uses MPPT maximum power point tracking control strategy, by core controller FPGA's
Core 1 self-defining MPPT functional module, regulates the load resistance in photovoltaic cell equivalent model and follows the internal resistance of cell, thus real
Existing maximum power of photovoltaic cell output.Described photovoltaic cell equivalent model is by equivalent current source Iph, forward diode Id, electric capacity
Cj, PN junction by-pass shunt resistance Rsh, series resistance RsWith load RLDeng composition.Battery model simple in construction, it is defeated that internal resistance is circuit
Go out impedance.
Described DC/DC translation circuit uses boost boost conversion circuit, and the electric energy producing photovoltaic inversion is carried out at boosting
Reason, thus reduce energy consumption when it transmits on dc bus.
Described DC/AC full-bridge inverter selects the single-phase full bridge inverter circuit of H bridge topological structure, and wherein power switch pipe is
Voltage driven type MOSFET manages, model IRF3710, maximum voltage 500V, maximum current 57A.According to SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation
Its drive circuit of Technology design, and add light-coupled isolation in the design.Isolation circuit uses dual pathways HCPL-2630 chip
Realizing voltage isolation, driving chip uses special chip IR2410, and it has the dual pathways, and driving force is strong, and high pressure can be driven high
The voltage driven type switching tube of speed.
Described core controller FPGA selects the Zynq-7000 model of heterogeneous dual-core.In FPGA, systemic-function realizes main
Including three layers: hardware layer, system layer and application layer.In FPGA, core 1 realizes the relevant control of photovoltaic parallel in system, the completeest
Becoming MPPT, SPWM, CAP and ADC scheduling algorithm programming, core 0 transplants linux system, it is achieved photovoltaic is monitored, including: remotely step on
Record, data storage and man-machine interaction etc., can also to carry out real time data mutual for dinuclear simultaneously.
The software of described core controller FPGA center 1 realizes overall architecture: include realizing SPWM module, CAP capture
The design of module and MPPT module etc., and to programs such as frequency-tracking, Phase Tracking, ADC sampling, isolated island detection and MPPT algorithm
It is designed.Wherein, the customed IP kernel of multiple FPGA, as under Matlab, in conjunction with DDS and sliding mode technology, generate SPWM
The IP kernel of module, only need to change frequency and the reference phase of SPWM module, can realize the real-time of SPWM ripple flexibly in program
Update.SPWM controls main employing voltage and current double closed-loop sliding mode control strategy, and the method can make inverter output voltage quick
Reach electrical network and specify requirement.Write the capture logic of CAP signal simultaneously, generated the IP kernel of CAP trapping module, customized CAP
The mains frequency of module, phase place and the depositor such as reverse frequency, phase place, described frequency and Phase Tracking are realized by phaselocked loop.
Phaselocked loop is a closed-loop control system, and it, by detecting frequency and the phase place of line voltage in real time, carries out from motion tracking, make inverse
The frequency and the phase place that become device output electric current are basically identical with line voltage, and its control accuracy directly affects the grid-connected property of photovoltaic system
Energy.
The software of described core controller FPGA center 0 realizes overall architecture: include transplanting compiling Uboot, Kernal,
The linux system files such as Devicetree and Rootfs, are devised Web interactive interface, are called by cgi script, it is achieved Web circle
The information of face and main frame is mutual.Write the application program of multithreading simultaneously, comprised web data and receive and send thread, data
The thread such as communication thread, overcurrent-overvoltage and system exception protection between library storage thread, double-core.System uses B/S framework, passes through
Web service, it is achieved the long-range monitoring to whole photovoltaic parallel in system.
Described Web photovoltaic monitors the Boa embedded web server that Systematic selection volume is little, performance is high, and its response is fast, money
Source expense is little, can support dynamic CGI and open source.CGI is used to connect as the standard of Boa server and application program
Mouthful, Systematic selection small-sized SQLite data base, it occupies, and resource is few, overhead is low, uses simple and flexible.Man machine interface is base
Write in HTML/JSP language, mainly have login interface, photovoltaic administration interface, real time information display interface and historical data aobvious
Show interface.
The mechanism that described core 0 runs linux system, core 1 runs grid-connected application program is that a kind of asymmetric isomery is many
Treatment mechanism, is an important breakthrough of embedded development.In FPGA, core 0 and core 1 have publicly-owned resource (such as Global Timer)
With private privileges (such as privately owned interruption), they realize communication by publicly-owned resource OCM.OCM distributes in one piece of continuous print internal memory
Resource, it is one piece of shared drive, needs the address after using internal memory to map to access.Existence/dev/shm under facility inventory
Device file, by the initial mapping address of the shared drive that open function and mmap function can obtain.Carry out grand in a program
Definition, wherein COMM_BASE is the start physical address of double intercore communication, plus the communication of corresponding side-play amount after access map
Address, can realize double intercore communication.Additionally have employed question and answer mechanism avoids dinuclear to produce communication contention aware.
The present invention also provides for a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system implementation method, uses photovoltaic parallel in system recited above, controls
Device FPGA gathers the associated voltage current signal in photovoltaic parallel in system, through process and the transmission of core 1, obtains DC/DC conversion
Circuit, the driving of DC/AC full-bridge inverter and the control signal of photovoltaic cell, and be applied in grid-connected system.Photovoltaic electric
Pond converts the solar into electric energy, is promoted to, through boost boost conversion circuit, the input that inverter circuit allows, thus female at direct current
Energy loss will be reduced during transmission on line.Then through full bridge inverter, DC voltage is become suitable alternating voltage to be fed back to
AC network, thus realize the most grid-connected of photovoltaic generation.Meanwhile, core 0 and core 1 carry out data real-time, interactive, can be in Linux system
Realize the long-range monitoring of photovoltaic parallel in system on system, monitoring system carried out comprising user's login, data base, the webserver,
The designs such as the communication of exploitation Web page and multithreading.By mobile device or computer, user can check that system is run at any time
The information such as state and real-time, historical data.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
1, heterogeneous dual-core FPGA parallel processable task, it is achieved the flexible combination of difference in functionality, improves running efficiency of system.
2, Dinuclear Systems is prone to expand, and can incorporate powerful process performance, used by this profile in small and exquisite profile
The heat that low in energy consumption, calculating power consumption produces is few.
3, the SPWM of inverter controls main employing voltage and current double closed-loop actively control, compared with conventional PI control, and should
Method strong robustness, controls speed fast, and inverter output voltage is basically identical with electrical network reference voltage.
4, Linux uses B/S framework, and by Web network service, user uses computer or mobile terminal accessing webpage, real
The now long-range monitoring to photovoltaic parallel in system.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the technique effect of design, concrete structure and the generation of the present invention is described further, with
It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photovoltaic parallel in system structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the equivalent model of the photovoltaic cell of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the inverter circuit figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the inverter driving circuit figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the double-core FPGA system functional block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is core 1 main program flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the inverter SPWM control structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the phase-locked loop structures figure of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the core 1 mastery routine functional block diagram of the present invention；
Figure 10 is core 0 software architecture diagram of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the CGI workflow diagram of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the linux system programming organization figure of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the core 0 Booting sequence figure of the present invention；
Figure 14 is user's login interface of the Web page system of the present invention；
Figure 15 is the information matches test figure of the present invention；
Figure 16 is the grid-connected main interface of the Web page system of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, its knot is as shown in Figure 1.System mainly includes following device: photovoltaic electric
Pond PV, electric capacity of voltage regulation, DC/DC translation circuit, dc bus, DC/AC full-bridge inverter, core controller FPGA, AC network
And power supply unit, Web server, computer or mobile terminal etc..Photovoltaic cell output is in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation, and electric capacity is defeated
Going out series filtering inductance L1 in parallel with DC/DC translation circuit again, DC/DC translation circuit exports through single-phase diode and electric capacity of voltage regulation
Parallel connection, then connect DC/AC full-bridge inverter through dc bus, inverter output series filtering inductance L2 is in parallel through electric capacity of voltage regulation again
To AC network.Core controller FPGA then gather the output voltage of photovoltaic cell and current information, DC/DC translation circuit defeated
Going out information of voltage and line voltage, current information, the signal needed for being produced by self-defined driving and control module is to grid-connected
System.It connects Web server simultaneously, realizes system monitoring by computer or mobile terminal.
PV part in photovoltaic generation uses MPPT maximum power point tracking control strategy, by the core 1 of core controller FPGA
Self-defining MPPT functional module, regulates the load resistance in photovoltaic cell equivalent model and follows the internal resistance of cell, thus realize
Maximum power of photovoltaic cell exports.Photovoltaic cell equivalent model is by equivalent current source Iph, forward diode Id, electric capacity Cj, PN junction
By-pass shunt resistance Rsh, series resistance RsWith load RLDeng composition, its circuit structure is as shown in Figure 2.Battery model simple in construction,
Internal resistance is circuit output impedance.
DC/DC translation circuit uses boost boost conversion circuit, and the electric energy producing photovoltaic inversion carries out boosting process,
Thus reduce energy consumption when it transmits on dc bus.The single-phase full bridge of DC/AC full-bridge inverter selection H bridge topological structure is inverse
Power transformation road, its circuit structure is as shown in Figure 3.Wherein power switch pipe is voltage driven type MOSFET pipe, model IRF3710,
Big voltage 500V, the driving design of maximum current 57A, IRF3710 is simple, break-make switching is fast, conducting resistance is little, switching loss
Low, thus overall inversion efficiency can be improved.
Inverter driving circuit is the key component of whole inverter circuit, and its structure is as shown in Figure 4.This circuit is based on SPWM
SPWM Technique designs, and adds light-coupled isolation in the design.Its operation principle is: when four road SPWM ripple output warps
After two panels light-coupled isolation, it is input to two panels special driving chip, the SPWM ripple that output band driving force is strong, sends into inverter bridge power
Switching device.Using dual pathways HCPL-2630 chip to realize voltage isolation, driving chip uses high performance special chip
IR2410, its band dual pathways, driving force is strong, can drive the voltage driven type switching tube of high-voltage high-speed.
Core controller FPGA selects the Zynq-7000 model of heterogeneous dual-core.In FPGA, systemic-function realizes main bag
Including three layers: hardware layer, system layer and application layer, its functional block diagram is as shown in Figure 5.In FPGA, core 1 realizes photovoltaic parallel in system
Relevant control, mainly completes MPPT, SPWM, CAP and ADC scheduling algorithm programming, and core 0 transplants linux system, it is achieved photovoltaic is supervised
Surveying, including: Telnet, data storage and man-machine interaction etc., can also to carry out real time data mutual for dinuclear simultaneously.
The software design of FPGA center 1 mainly includes realizing setting SPWM module, CAP trapping module and MPPT module etc.
Meter, and the programs such as frequency-tracking, Phase Tracking, ADC sampling and MPPT algorithm are designed.Wherein, customed multiple
The IP kernel of FPGA, as under Matlab, in conjunction with DDS and sliding mode technology, generates the IP kernel of SPWM module, only needs change in program
The frequency of SPWM module and reference phase, can realize the real-time update of SPWM ripple flexibly.SPWM controls mainly to use voltage
Current double closed-loop sliding mode control strategy, the method can make inverter output voltage be rapidly achieved electrical network and specify requirement.Write simultaneously
The capture logic of CAP signal, generates the IP kernel of CAP trapping module, has customized the mains frequency of CAP module, phase place and inversion
The depositor such as frequency, phase place, described frequency and Phase Tracking are realized by phaselocked loop.Phaselocked loop is a closed-loop control system,
It, by detecting frequency and the phase place of line voltage in real time, carries out, from motion tracking, making frequency and the phase place of inverter output current
Basically identical with line voltage, its control accuracy directly affects the grid-connected performance of photovoltaic system.Core 1 main program flow chart such as Fig. 6
Shown in.
Wherein the SPWM of inverter controls main to use voltage and current double closed-loop actively to control, its control structure such as Fig. 7 institute
Show.Obtain the most grid-connected voltage, need accurate inverter switching device signal.In order to improve grid-connected performance, the present invention uses master
Dynamic sliding-mode control, is tracked controlling by electrical network reference value to inverter output voltage electric current.Controller uses switch to cut
The form that exchange the letters number and feedback combine, it is assumed that line voltage, current reference value and actual output voltage, current deviation eu=
uref-uo, ei=iref(uu)-io.Definition sliding surface su=eu, si=ei, then voltage x current two-stage sliding mode controller uses this shape
Formula uu=-ρusgn(eu)-kueu, ui=-ρisgn(ei)-kiei, wherein ρu, ku, ρi, kiIt is the constant more than zero.With traditional
PI controls to compare, and the method strong robustness controls speed fast, and inverter output voltage is basically identical with electrical network reference voltage.
Fig. 8 is the phase-locked loop structures figure of the present invention.As seen from the figure, phaselocked loop is mainly by digital phase discriminator PD, loop filtering
The part such as device LF and digital vco DCO constitutes degeneration factor, digital phase discriminator detection input signal and feedback letter
Number phase contrast, adjust the phase place of output signal with this so that output signal accurately follows the tracks of frequency and the phase place of input signal.First
First sampling mains frequency, compare with feedback frequency through frequency multiplication, digital phase discriminator frequency and phase discrimination obtains deviation voltage, then passes through
Digital vco DCO obtains mains frequency tracking lock mains frequency, this frequency as the frequency of inverter modulating wave,
Modulating wave and triangle wave obtain switching tube and trigger pulse, thus control the conducting of switching tube, so that inversion output
Voltage is consistent with the frequency of line voltage and phase place.
The programming of whole system mainly comprises mastery routine and interruption subroutine.Mastery routine mainly has: system frequency with
The programmings such as track, Phase Tracking programming, SPWM programming, double intercore communication and liquid crystal display in real time.Interrupt service
Subprogram mainly has: timer interruption MPPT program, ADC interrupt routine, CAP capture interrupt routine and protection interrupt routine etc..
FPGA core 1 mastery routine functional block diagram is as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 10 gives the software of core controller FPGA core 0 and realizes overall architecture, including transplant compiling Uboot,
The linux system files such as Kernal, Devicetree and Rootfs, are devised Web interactive interface, are called by cgi script, real
The information of existing web interface and main frame is mutual.Write the application program of multithreading simultaneously, comprised web data and receive and send line
The thread such as communication thread, overcurrent-overvoltage and system exception protection between journey, database purchase thread, double-core.System uses B/S frame
Structure, passes through Web service, it is achieved the long-range monitoring to whole photovoltaic parallel in system.
Web photovoltaic monitors the Boa embedded web server that Systematic selection volume is little, performance is high, and its response is fast, resource is opened
Sell little, dynamic CGI and open source can be supported.Use CGI as Boa server and the standard interface of application program, be
System selects small-sized SQLite data base, and it occupies, and resource is few, overhead is low, uses simple and flexible.Man machine interface be based on
HTML/JSP language is write, and mainly has login interface, photovoltaic administration interface, real time information display interface and historical data to show
Interface.
CGI is CGI, and it is the standard interface between systematic difference program and Web server, can make CGI
Program and Web server carry out information transmission, and CGI interfacing makes server produce good interactivity with browser.Its work
Make flow chart as shown in figure 11.During compiling CGI application program, the corresponding documents such as cgi.c and cgi.h, wherein cgi.c literary composition need to be comprised
The interface function of CGI application program defined in part and variable, and the function stated in cgi.h file in cgi.c file connects
Mouth and variable, generate the file that the file destination specified need to combine compiling generation .cgi by self-defining source file with cgi.c.
When webpage submits Form list to when, i.e. can call corresponding .cgi file destination, server simultaneously in www/cgi.bin/
Call corresponding .cgi and also transmit information to webpage.
When linux system performs application program, it is compiled that program has to pass through cross-compiler, and is the mesh of ARM form
Mark file.After linux system starts, in/etc/init.d/rcS start script, add application program, application can be realized
The starting up of program.Need after system start-up to perform multiple thread, including receiving the control command line that Web page is sent
Journey, send data to the Web page display protection such as communication thread, overcurrent-overvoltage thread and be between thread, database thread, double-core
The abnormal thread of system.Linux system programming organization is as shown in figure 12.
The mechanism that core 0 runs linux system, core 1 runs grid-connected application program is a kind of asymmetric isomery multiprocessing
Mechanism, is an important breakthrough of embedded development.In FPGA, core 0 and core 1 have publicly-owned resource (such as Global Timer) and private
Having resource (such as privately owned interruption), they realize communication by publicly-owned resource OCM.OCM is Resources allocation in one piece of continuous print internal memory,
It is one piece of shared drive, needs the address after using internal memory to map to access.Existence/dev/shm equipment under facility inventory
File, by the initial mapping address of the shared drive that open function and mmap function can obtain.Carry out macrodefinition in a program,
Wherein COMM_BASE is the start physical address of double intercore communication, plus the mailing address of corresponding side-play amount after access map,
Double intercore communication can be realized.Additionally have employed question and answer mechanism avoids dinuclear to produce communication contention aware.I.e. send number when core 1 to core 0
According to, transmission mark is put 1 by core 1, sends data simultaneously.Core 0 circulation is read and is sent mark, if sending mark to put 1, i.e. reads data
And clear to send mark.In like manner, sending data when core 1 receives core 0, reception mark is put 1 by core 0, receives data simultaneously.Core 1 follows
Ring reads and receives mark, if receiving mark to put 1, i.e. reading data and removing reception mark.
Core 0 Booting sequence as shown in figure 13, be responsible for running linux system and realize what photovoltaic parallel in system was remotely monitored by core 0
Function, wakes up up simultaneously and monitors core 1.B/S framework is used to complete network service based on linux system, it is achieved Telnet, reality
Time display, report to the police and the storage function of data base.
New user must first register and log in afterwards, and user name or password otherwise can be pointed out to make mistakes, after succeeding in registration, and the surname of user
Name and password have been stored in data base the most.When clicking on login button, system is according to the user name in user name reading database
Mate with password.System adds Debugging message when test, and user's login interface as shown in figure 14, test such as by information matches
Shown in Figure 15, top half is to mate the username and password printed from data base, and the latter half is the use that user logs in
Name in an account book and password, if the match is successful, then prompting " Login successful！", and redirect main interface, otherwise point out unsuccessful,
And jump back to login interface.Photovoltaic administration interface sends data to main frame, performs corresponding function.Grid-connected main interface such as Figure 16
Shown in.
The present invention also provides for a kind of photovoltaic parallel in system implementation method, uses photovoltaic parallel in system recited above, controls
Device FPGA gathers the associated voltage current signal in photovoltaic parallel in system, through process and the transmission of core 1, obtains DC/DC conversion
Circuit, the driving of DC/AC full-bridge inverter and the control signal of photovoltaic cell, and be applied in grid-connected system.Photovoltaic electric
Pond converts the solar into electric energy, is promoted to, through boost boost conversion circuit, the input that inverter circuit allows, thus female at direct current
Energy loss will be reduced during transmission on line.Then through full bridge inverter, DC voltage is become suitable alternating voltage to be fed back to
AC network, thus realize the most grid-connected of photovoltaic generation.Meanwhile, core 0 and core 1 carry out data real-time, interactive, can be in Linux system
Realize the long-range monitoring of photovoltaic parallel in system on system, monitoring system carried out comprising user's login, data base, the webserver,
The designs such as the communication of exploitation Web page and multithreading.By mobile device or computer, user can check that system is run at any time
The information such as state and real-time, historical data.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above.Should be appreciated that the ordinary skill of this area is without wound
The property made work just can make many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention.Therefore, all technical staff in the art
The most on the basis of existing technology by the available technology of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment
Scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. a photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, it is characterised in that include that photovoltaic cell PV, electric capacity of voltage regulation, DC/DC convert
Circuit, dc bus, DC/AC full-bridge inverter, core controller FPGA, AC network and power supply unit, Web server,
Computer or mobile terminal；Photovoltaic cell PV output is in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation, and electric capacity of voltage regulation output series filtering inductance L1 is again
In parallel with DC/DC translation circuit, the output of DC/DC translation circuit is in parallel with electric capacity of voltage regulation through single-phase diode, then through dc bus
Connecting DC/AC full-bridge inverter, inverter output series filtering inductance L2 is connected in parallel to AC network, core control through electric capacity of voltage regulation again
Device FPGA processed is configured to gather output voltage and current information, the output voltage information of DC/DC translation circuit of photovoltaic cell
And line voltage, current information, the signal needed for being produced by self-defined driving and control module is to grid-connected system；Core control
Device FPGA processed is configured to connect Web server, realizes system monitoring by computer or mobile terminal.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the described photovoltaic cell PV in photovoltaic generation adopts
Use MPPT maximum power point tracking control strategy, regulate light by the core 1 self-defining MPPT functional module of core controller FPGA
Load resistance in volt battery equivalent model follows the internal resistance of cell；Described photovoltaic cell equivalent model is by equivalent current source Iph, just
To diode Id, electric capacity Cj, PN junction by-pass shunt resistance Rsh, series resistance RsWith load RLComposition.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described DC/DC translation circuit uses boost liter
Pressure translation circuit, the electric energy producing photovoltaic inversion carries out boosting process.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described DC/AC full-bridge inverter is configured to H
The single-phase full bridge inverter circuit of bridge topological structure, wherein power switch pipe is voltage driven type MOSFET pipe, model IRF3710,
Maximum voltage 500V, maximum current 57A；The drive circuit of power switch pipe be configured to SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation and optocoupler every
From, isolation circuit uses dual pathways HCPL-2630 chip to realize voltage isolation, and driving chip uses special chip IR2410.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described core controller FPGA is heterogeneous dual-core
Zynq-7000, in core controller FPGA, system merit is configured to hardware layer, system layer and application layer；Wherein, core 1 quilt
MPPT, SPWM, CAP and ADC of being arranged for carrying out photovoltaic parallel in system control, and core 0 is configured to transplant linux system and realizes light
Volt monitoring, including: Telnet, data storage and man-machine interaction, to be configured to can carry out real time data mutual for dinuclear simultaneously.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the overall architecture of described core 1 includes SPWM mould
Block, CAP trapping module and MPPT module, described SPWM module is configured to use control voltage and current double closed-loop sliding formwork to control plan
Slightly, frequency and the Phase Tracking of described CAP module are realized by phaselocked loop, and described phaselocked loop is a closed-loop control system, logical
Cross frequency and the phase place of in real time detection line voltage, carry out from motion tracking, make the frequency of inverter output current and phase place and electricity
Net voltage is basically identical, and its control accuracy directly affects the grid-connected performance of photovoltaic system.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the overall architecture of described core 0 includes transplanting to be compiled
Linux system file, Web interactive interface and the application program of multithreading translated, described Web interactive interface is adjusted by cgi script
Mutual by the information realizing web interface and main frame, the application program of described multithreading comprise web data receive and send thread,
Communication thread, overcurrent-overvoltage and system exception protection thread between database purchase thread, double-core.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that it is embedded that Web server is configured to Boa,
The standard interface of Boa server and application program uses CGI；Database Systems are small-sized SQLite data base；Man machine interface bag
Include login interface, photovoltaic administration interface, real time information display interface and historical data display interface.
Photovoltaic parallel in system the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described core 0 runs linux system, described core 1
Running grid-connected application program, described core 0 is configured to publicly-owned resource OCM with publicly-owned resource and the private privileges of core 1
Realizing communication, described OCM is configured to Resources allocation in one piece of continuous print internal memory, comes to visit in the address after using internal memory to map
Ask；Described core 0 and core 1 have employed question and answer mechanism and avoids dinuclear to produce communication contention aware.
10. the implementation method of a photovoltaic parallel in system based on FPGA, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps: use right
Require 1～9 any one described photovoltaic parallel in system；Controller FPGA gathers the associated voltage electric current in photovoltaic parallel in system
Signal, through process and the transmission of core 1, obtains DC/DC translation circuit, the driving of DC/AC full-bridge inverter and photovoltaic cell
Control signal, and be applied in grid-connected system；Photovoltaic cell converts the solar into electric energy, through boost boosting inverter electricity
Road is promoted to the input that inverter circuit allows；Then through full bridge inverter, DC voltage become suitable alternating voltage feedback
To AC network, thus realize the most grid-connected of photovoltaic generation；Meanwhile, it is mutual that core 0 and core 1 carry out real time data, in Linux system
Remotely monitor photovoltaic parallel in system on system, monitoring system comprise user's login, data base, the webserver, exploitation Web page with
And the communication of multithreading；User checks system running state and real-time, historical data information by mobile device or computer.
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