CN106324850A - Method and device for producing vector vortex beam - Google Patents
Method and device for producing vector vortex beam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and a device for producing vector vortex beam are belonging to the vector vortex beam technology area, to solve the problem of how to adopt a simple method and device to produce high quality vector vortex beam, the emergent laser beam from the laser under collimation and beam expanding after passing beam expander and collimating lens, and arranges pinhole at the focal position between beam expander and collimating lens for laser beam filtering; light beam after collimation and beam expanding is normally incidented on polarizer through aperture diaphragm, and the linearly polarized lights generated is incidented on the depolarization beam splitter, linearly polarized lights through transmission of depolarization beam splitter reaches the effect window of the reflecting pure-phase liquid crystal spatial light modulator, and conducts phase modulation for the linearly polarized lights by load grayscale images of PC control terminal, to acquire the relevant vortex beam; light path of vortex beam after depolarization beam splitter reflects, and becomes circularly polarized light after 1/4 wave plate to incident on radial analyzer, to generate radial polarized vortex beam; and acquires vector vortex beam in need through polarization rotator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus producing vector vortex beams, belong to vector vortex beams technical field.
Background technology
Vector vortex beams refers to have the new of non-uniform polarisation state and spiral phase structure in beam cross-section simultaneously
Type light beam.Vector vortex beams is compared and other light beams, has the most special character, adds at super-resolution imaging, laser accurate
The fields such as the storage of work, particle manipulation, data and remote sensing all have potential using value, the production method to vector vortex beams
Research receives much concern especially.It is also proposed many new production methods, such as intracavity Sagnac interferometric method, taper Brewster simultaneously
Prism method, spiral phase plate method, subregion delay method, interferometric method and sub-wave length grating method etc..
Domestic Shanghai Optics and Precision Mechanics institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lee builds Lang Shouci and has delivered based on hollow beam pumping
Micro-slice laser in directly output vector vortex beams research [IEEEJ.Sel.TopQuantumElectron, 21,
1600406,2015;Appl.Phys.B, 117,219,2014;China.Opt.Lett, 13,031405,2015].Although occurring
A lot of production methods, but great majority all design just for a certain kind specific vector vortex beams, make actual
During with the most restricted.Therefore, started to concentrate on emphasis grinding of any vector vortex beams production method in recent years
Studying carefully, domestic Nanjing University and Shandong Normal University combine LCD space light modulator and constitute interference with common path instrument apparatus, it is achieved that
The arbitrarily generation [Opt.Lett, 32 (24): 3549-51,2008] of vector vortex beams.But this interference with common path instrument apparatus
Structure is complicated, the highest to the position accuracy demand of optical element in light path, and required diffraction optical element is difficult to obtain, cost
High.
In recent years, proposing a lot of new method for vector vortex beams production method, patent CN105182547A carries
Go out a kind of method and device producing vector Laguerre-Gaussian beam based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter, use 4f space filtering
Imaging optical path, and combine computed hologram and realize the output of vector beam.The method outstanding feature is: at computed hologram
And need not any other element between birefringent beam-splitter, but the shortcoming of this method maximum is the vector produced draws lid
The polarization state of that-Gaussian beam cannot regulate and control.Patent US7599069B2 is similar with patent CN102289080A, is all to use
The method of coherent superposition obtains vector beam, except for the difference that uses diffraction optical element in US7599069B2 and enters light beam
Row phase coding, although the relative mass of the vector beam of generation can be improved, but the method device is the most also to optical path requirements
The highest, diffraction element needs to carry out particular design, and complex manufacturing process is relatively costly.
In sum, how to use relatively simple method and apparatus to produce vector vortex beams, also ensure that light simultaneously
Beam quality, this remains a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve and how to use relatively simple method and apparatus to produce high-quality vector vortex beams
Problem, proposes a kind of method and apparatus that can produce vector vortex beams.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of device producing vector vortex beams, is characterized in that, laser instrument, beam expanding lens, pin hole, collimation in this device
Mirror, aperture diaphragm, the polarizer, depolarization beam splitter and reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator are sequentially coaxially arranged, PC
Control end to be connected with reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator;Quarter wave plate, radially analyzer, polarization rotator, convergent mirror
The direction vertical with the incident light axis of depolarization beam splitter with CCD camera is coaxially disposed;
The laser beam of laser emitting is collimator and extender after beam expanding lens and collimating mirror, between beam expanding lens and collimating mirror
Focal position arranges pin hole, filters laser beam;
Incident beam diameter, light beam normal incidence again to the polarizer, the line of generation is selected through aperture diaphragm after collimator and extender
Polarized light incides depolarization beam splitter, and it is empty that the line polarized light through depolarization beam splitter transmission arrives reflective pure position phase liquid crystal
Between the application window of photomodulator, control end by PC and load gray-scale map line polarized light is carried out Spatial transmission, it is thus achieved that be corresponding
Vortex beams;
Reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator outgoing vortex light, vortex light light path after depolarization beam splitter is anti-
Penetrating, reflection light becomes circularly polarized light after quarter wave plate and incides radially analyzer, produces radial polarisation vortex beams;
Radial polarisation vortex beams again through polarization rotator obtain required for vector vortex beams;
Vector vortex beams, through convergent mirror, is focused arriving in CCD camera by vector vortex beams, forms hollow circle
Ring-type light distribution.
Described depolarization beam splitter is a kind of incident beam not to be divided into two outgoing beams being mutually perpendicular to propagate, and not
Changing the polarization state of incident beam, the splitting ratio of depolarization beam splitter is 1:1.
Effective liquid crystal size of described reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator is more than or equal to incoming parallel beam
Diameter, and the outgoing polarization state of the described polarizer and the incident illumination required by the phase LCD space light modulator of reflective pure position
Bundle polarization state is consistent.
Described radial direction analyzer is that equally distributed for polarized spatial incident beam is converted to non-homogeneous point of polarized spatial
The vector beam of cloth, and use collimation circularly polarized light as incident beam.
Described polarization rotator is made up of the one 1/2 wave plate and the 2nd 1/2 wave plate;By changing two 1/2 wave plates
Fast axle between angle realize light beam polarization direction carried out the rotation of correspondence, radial polarisation vector beam can be realized with angular
Continuous conversion between polarization vortex beam or generalized vector vortex beams.
The method producing vector vortex beams, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step one, the laser beam of laser emitting is collimator and extender after beam expanding lens and collimating mirror, at beam expanding lens and collimation
Between mirror, focal position arranges pin hole, filters laser beam;Light beam after collimator and extender selects incidence through aperture diaphragm
Beam diameter, light beam normal incidence again is to the polarizer, and its transmission light will obtain horizontal linear polarization light;
Step 2, the line polarized light produced in step one incides depolarization beam splitter, saturating through depolarization beam splitter
Penetrating light is still line polarized light, arrives the application window of reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator, and normal incidence is to reflective pure
Position phase LCD space light modulator carries out Spatial transmission;
Step 3, controls end by PC and will load Spatial transmission gray-scale map to reflective pure position phase liquid crystal spatial light modulation
Device, according to the corresponding relation between gray value with position phase, carries out corresponding Spatial transmission to incident horizontal linear polarization light, through anti-
After the phase LCD space light modulator modulation of formula of penetrating pure position, it is thus achieved that required vortex beams;
Step 4, the vortex beams obtained after modulation, reflect through depolarization beam splitter, light path is turned back 90 °, but
The polarization state of light beam is still line polarized light, then acts on light polarization through quarter wave plate, and line polarized light is converted to circle
Polarized light;
Step 5, circularly polarized light incides radially analyzer, and outgoing produces radial polarisation vector vortex beams;
Step 6, above-mentioned gained radial polarisation vector vortex beams is through polarization rotator, by adjusting therein first
Corner dimension between 1/2 wave plate and the 2nd 1/2 fast axle of wave plate, carries out polarization direction tune to radial direction polarization vector vortex beams
System, it is thus achieved that final required vector vortex beams;
Step 7, the vector vortex beams of generation focuses on through convergent mirror and arrives CCD camera, obtains vector on photosurface
The hollow circular ring shape light distribution that vortex beams is had.
The present invention has following technical effect that
1, the present invention is based on reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator and polarization rotator, proposes one and produces vector
The method and apparatus of vortex beams, has good versatility.
2, the method that the present invention uses " double modulation ", Spatial transmission and the modulation of polarization direction to light beam, this product respectively
The method not only real-time of raw vector vortex beams is good, but also can realize quickly responding.
What 3, the present invention taked is that the vortex beams produced in the gray-scale map regulation and control that PC control end loading is different again or revolves
Turn polarization rotator the polarization direction of vector vortex beams is regulated and controled, according to actual needs, take alternative or two
Person regulates and controls simultaneously, can obtain required vector vortex beams, also ensures that the quality of the vector vortex beams of generation simultaneously, should
Method motility is strong.
4, the method and apparatus producing vector vortex beams that the present invention proposes, involved optical component is all
Basic, apparatus structure is simple, stability of layout good, practical.
The method and apparatus of this generation vector vortex beams is to the application in engineering of the vector vortex beams and promotes tool
Significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram that the present invention produces vector vortex beams.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of polarization rotator of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, laser instrument;2, beam expanding lens;3, pin hole;4, collimating mirror;5, aperture diaphragm;6, the polarizer;7, depolarization divides
Bundle device;8, reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator;9, PC controls end;10, quarter wave plate;11, radially analyzer RA;12、
Polarization rotator;12-1, the one 1/2 wave plate;12-2, the 2nd 1/2 wave plate;13, convergent mirror;14, CCD camera.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of device producing vector vortex beams, this device be by laser instrument 1, beam expanding lens 2, pin hole 3,
Collimating mirror 4, aperture diaphragm 5, the polarizer 6, depolarization beam splitter 7, reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8, PC control
End 9, quarter wave plate 10, radially analyzer 11, polarization rotator 12, convergent mirror 13 and CCD camera 14 form.
Laser instrument 1, beam expanding lens 2, pin hole 3, collimating mirror 4, aperture diaphragm 5, the polarizer 6, depolarization beam splitter 7 and reflective
Pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8 is sequentially coaxially arranged, and PC controls end 9 and reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8
It is connected;Quarter wave plate 10, radially analyzer 11, polarization rotator 12, convergent mirror 13 and CCD camera 14 and depolarization beam splitter 7
The direction that incident light axis is vertical is coaxially disposed.
The laser beam of laser instrument 1 outgoing filters through pin hole 3, collimator and extender after beam expanding lens 2 and collimating mirror 4, and collimation expands
Shu Houjing crosses aperture diaphragm (5) and selects incident beam diameter, light beam normal incidence again to the polarizer 6, and the line polarized light of generation is incident
To depolarization beam splitter 7, the line polarized light through depolarization beam splitter 7 transmission arrives reflective pure position phase liquid crystal spatial light modulation
The application window of device 8, loads gray-scale map by PC control end 9 and line polarized light is carried out Spatial transmission, it is thus achieved that corresponding vortex light
Bundle, reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8 outgoing vortex light, vortex light is light path reflection after depolarization beam splitter 7,
Reflection light becomes circularly polarized light after quarter wave plate 10 and incides radially analyzer 11, produces radial polarisation vortex beams.
As in figure 2 it is shown, polarization rotator 12 is made up of the one 1/2 wave plate 12-1 and the 2nd 1/2 wave plate 12-2;By changing
Become the angle between the fast axle of two 1/2 wave plates and realize light beam polarization direction is carried out the rotation of correspondence, radial polarisation can be realized
Continuous conversion between vector beam and angular polarization vortex beam or generalized vector vortex beams.
Vector vortex beams, through convergent mirror 13, is focused arriving in CCD camera 14, in formation by vector vortex beams
Empty circular light distribution.
Described depolarization beam splitter 7 be a kind of incident beam is divided into two be mutually perpendicular to propagate outgoing beams, and
Do not change the polarization state of incident beam.The splitting ratio of depolarization beam splitter 7 is 1:1.
Effective liquid crystal size of described reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8 is more than or equal to incoming parallel beam
Diameter, and the outgoing polarization state of the described polarizer 6 and the incidence required by reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8
Light polarization is consistent.
Described radial direction analyzer 11 is that equally distributed for polarized spatial incident beam is converted to polarized spatial is non-homogeneous
The vector beam of distribution.General all employing collimates circularly polarized light as incident beam.
The described polarizer 6, for producing the incoming polarization state needed for reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8.
Described quarter wave plate 10 is that the line polarized light produced through the polarizer 6 is converted to circularly polarized light, and circularly polarized light is incident
Radial polarisation vortex beams is produced to radially analyzer 11.
The method producing vector vortex beams, specifically comprises the following steps that
Step one, the laser beam of laser instrument 1 outgoing is collimator and extender after beam expanding lens 2 and collimating mirror 4, beam expanding lens 2 He
Between collimating mirror 4, focal position arranges pin hole 3, filters laser beam;Light beam after collimator and extender is through aperture diaphragm (5)
Selecting incident beam diameter, light beam normal incidence again is to the polarizer 6, and its transmission light will obtain horizontal linear polarization light, be expressed as Jones
Vector is:
Step 2, the line polarized light produced in step one incides depolarization beam splitter 7, saturating through depolarization beam splitter 7
The line polarized light penetrated arrives the application window of reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator 8, and normal incidence is to reflective pure position phase
LCD space light modulator 8 carries out phase only modulation, and Jones vector is still:
Step 3, controls end 9 by PC and will load Spatial transmission gray-scale map to reflective pure position phase liquid crystal spatial light modulation
Device 8, according to the corresponding relation between gray value with position phase, carries out corresponding Spatial transmission to incident horizontal linear polarization light, obtains
Obtaining Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams, its Spatial transmission function can be expressed as:
Wherein l, p are respectively angular index and radial direction index,For Laguerre polynomials, w0For waist radius, θ is unit
Jump function.
After phase LCD space light modulator 8 modulation of the formula that is reflected pure position, it is thus achieved that corresponding Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams,
Its expression formula is:
Wherein,For Gouy position phase, zRFor Rayleigh distance, exp (il φ) is the spiral of Laguerre-Gaussian beam
Position phase item.
Step 4, the Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams obtained after modulation, reflects through depolarization beam splitter 7, by light
Road turns back 90 °, but the polarization state of light beam is still line polarized light, then through quarter wave plate 10 to light polarization effect, its 1/4 ripple
Jones's acting matrix of sheet 10 is:
Wherein the quick shaft direction of quarter wave plate 10 becomes-45 ° with x-axis;
Thus can obtain left circularly polarized light, its Jones vector is:
It is normalized, and is converted to the expression-form in polar coordinate system, i.e.
WhereinWithIt is respectively the unit vector of rectangular coordinate system,WithUnit vector for polar coordinate system.
Step 5, circularly polarized light incides radially analyzer 11, and modulation produces radial polarisation Laguerre-Gauss vortex light
Bundle, its expression formula is:
Step 6, is if desired obtained the Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams of other polarisation distribution form, is then rotated by polarization
Device 12 carries out rotation modulation to polarization direction, i.e. adjusts two quick shaft directions and forms an angleThe one 1/2 wave plate 12-1 and
2nd 1/2 wave plate 12-2, Jones's acting matrix of polarization rotator 12 is:
WhenTime, the angle between the i.e. the 1st wave plate 12-1 and the 2nd 1/2 fast axle of wave plate 12-2 rotates extremely
When 45 °, the radial polarisation Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams obtained after radial direction analyzer 11Rotate through polarization again
After device 12, it is thus achieved that the Jones vector of light beam be:
Thus can obtain, when the angle between the one 1/2 wave plate 12-1 and the 2nd 1/2 fast axle of wave plate 12-2 rotates to 45 °,
Radial polarisation Laguerre-Gauss vortex beams can be converted to angularly polarize Laguerre-Gauss vortex through polarization rotator 12
Light beam.
The angular polarization Laguerre-Gaussian beam of above-mentioned acquisition focuses on through convergent mirror 13 and arrives CCD camera 14, photosensitive
The light distribution of hollow circular ring shape is formed on face.
In practical engineering application, need to obtain other vector vortex beams, such as angular polarization vortex beam or broad sense
Vector vortex beams etc., therefore, comprehensive considering various effects of the present invention, proposition can use and load different at PC control end 9
The vortex beams that gray-scale map regulation and control produce again or adjusted by rotatory polarization rotator 12 by the polarization direction of vector vortex beams
Control, according to actual needs, take alternative or the two regulate and control simultaneously, required vector vortex beams can be obtained.
Claims (6)
1. produce a device for vector vortex beams, it is characterized in that, laser instrument (1), beam expanding lens (2), pin hole in this device
(3), collimating mirror (4), aperture diaphragm (5), the polarizer (6), depolarization beam splitter (7) and reflective pure position phase liquid crystal spatial light are adjusted
Device processed (8) is sequentially coaxially arranged, and PC controls end (9) and is connected with reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8);Quarter wave plate
(10), radially analyzer (11), polarization rotator (12), convergent mirror (13) and CCD camera (14) and depolarization beam splitter (7)
The direction that incident light axis is vertical is coaxially disposed;
The laser beam of laser instrument (1) outgoing is collimator and extender after beam expanding lens (2) and collimating mirror (4), at beam expanding lens (2) and collimation
Between mirror (4), focal position arranges pin hole (3), filters laser beam;
After collimator and extender through aperture diaphragm (5) select incident beam diameter, light beam normal incidence again to the polarizer (6), generation
Line polarized light incides depolarization beam splitter (7), and the line polarized light through depolarization beam splitter (7) transmission arrives reflective pure position
The application window of phase LCD space light modulator (8), carries out position by PC control end (9) loading gray-scale map to line polarized light and adjusts mutually
System, it is thus achieved that corresponding vortex beams;
Reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8) outgoing vortex light, vortex light is light path after depolarization beam splitter (7)
Reflection, reflection light becomes circularly polarized light after quarter wave plate (10) and incides radially analyzer (11), produces radial polarisation vortex
Light beam;
Radial polarisation vortex beams again through polarization rotator (12) obtain required for vector vortex beams;
Vector vortex beams, through convergent mirror (13), is focused arriving in CCD camera (14), in formation by vector vortex beams
Empty circular light distribution.
A kind of device producing vector vortex beams the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described depolarization divides
Bundle device (7) is a kind of incident beam to be divided into two outgoing beams being mutually perpendicular to propagate, and does not change the polarization of incident beam
State, the splitting ratio of depolarization beam splitter (7) is 1:1.
A kind of device producing vector vortex beams the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described is reflective pure
Effective liquid crystal size of position phase LCD space light modulator (8) is more than or equal to the diameter of incoming parallel beam, and described being polarized
The outgoing polarization state of device (6) and the phase of the incident beam polarization state required by reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8)
Cause.
A kind of device producing vector vortex beams the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described radial direction analysis
Device (11) is the vector beam that equally distributed for polarized spatial incident beam is converted to polarized spatial non-uniform Distribution, and uses
Collimation circularly polarized light is as incident beam.
A kind of device producing vector vortex beams the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described polarization rotates
Device (12) is made up of the one 1/2 wave plate (12-1) and the 2nd 1/2 wave plate (12-2);By changing the fast axle of two 1/2 wave plates
Between angle realize light beam polarization direction carried out the rotation of correspondence, radial polarisation vector beam can be realized and angularly polarize whirlpool
Continuous conversion between optically-active bundle or generalized vector vortex beams.
6. the method producing vector vortex beams, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step one, the laser beam of laser instrument (1) outgoing is collimator and extender after beam expanding lens (2) and collimating mirror (4), at beam expanding lens
(2) focal position arranges pin hole (3) and between collimating mirror (4), filters laser beam;Light beam after collimator and extender is through via
Footpath diaphragm (5) selects incident beam diameter, and light beam normal incidence again is to the polarizer (6), and its transmission light will obtain horizontal linear polarization light;
Step 2, the line polarized light produced in step one incides depolarization beam splitter (7), through depolarization beam splitter (7)
Transmission light is still line polarized light, arrives the application window of reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8), and normal incidence is to reflection
Formula pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8) carries out Spatial transmission;
Step 3, controls end (9) by PC and will load Spatial transmission gray-scale map to reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator
(8), according to the corresponding relation between gray value with position phase, incident horizontal linear polarization light is carried out corresponding Spatial transmission, warp
After the modulation of reflective pure position phase LCD space light modulator (8), it is thus achieved that required vortex beams;
Step 4, the vortex beams obtained after modulation, reflect through depolarization beam splitter (7), light path is turned back 90 °, then
Through quarter wave plate (10), light polarization is acted on, line polarized light is converted to circularly polarized light;
Step 5, circularly polarized light incides radially analyzer (11), and outgoing produces radial polarisation vector vortex beams;
Step 6, above-mentioned gained radial polarisation vector vortex beams is through polarization rotator (12), by adjusting therein first
Corner dimension between 1/2 wave plate (12-1) and the fast axle of the 2nd 1/2 wave plate (12-2), is carried out radial direction polarization vector vortex beams
Modulation of polarization direction, it is thus achieved that final required vector vortex beams;
Step 7, the vector vortex beams of generation focuses on through convergent mirror (13) and arrives CCD camera (14), obtains on photosurface
The hollow circular ring shape light distribution that vector vortex beams is had.
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