CN108007572A - A kind of rotation disturbance measuring system based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers - Google Patents
A kind of rotation disturbance measuring system based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers Download PDFInfo
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- CN108007572A CN108007572A CN201711181415.3A CN201711181415A CN108007572A CN 108007572 A CN108007572 A CN 108007572A CN 201711181415 A CN201711181415 A CN 201711181415A CN 108007572 A CN108007572 A CN 108007572A
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rotation disturbance measuring system based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, including：Vortex beams generation module, for producing vortex beams；Mach increases Dare interferometer, is two beam vortex beams of pi/2 for the vortex beams of generation to be divided into phase difference, then be coupled as a branch of output；Beam splitter, for vortex beams to be divided into two beams, a branch of to enter balance detection module, another beam enters Sa lattice clarke interferometer；Balance detection module, for passing through balanced detector output error signal to PGC demodulation module；PGC demodulation module, for the signal exported according to balance detection module, the phase difference that Mach is increased to the two beam vortex beams that the beam splitting of Dare interferometer polarization is formed is locked in pi/2；Sa lattice clarke interferometer, for the vortex beams received to be divided into two beams, and is become larger the phase difference of two light beams by rotation disturbance.The present invention can be measured dynamically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of precision measurement of laser interferometer, more particularly to one kind to be based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarkes
The rotation disturbance measuring system of interferometer.
Background technology
The measuring method of rotation disturbance generally has two kinds, and one kind is rotation doppler shift method, and another kind is to utilize light beam
Space phase be distributed and measure.And when being measured using space phase distribution, common several detection devices are mostly concentrated
In the measurement to static process.But in actual engineering and biometric system, dynamic disturbances are apparently more extensive.
The vortex beams used below for the present invention are introduced：The wavefront of vortex light twist divides around optical axis
Cloth, such wavefront properties equivalent to phase factor exp (il θ), wherein, l is referred to as topological charge number, can use any whole
Number；θ is azimuth, and value is 0~2 π, and from after being technically resolved the generation of vortex light, its special phase characteristic obtains
To being widely applied.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Measurement needs of the invention in order to meet to dynamic rotary disturbance, there is provided one kind is based on vortex light
The rotation disturbance measuring system of beam and Sa Ge clarke interferometers.
Technical solution：Rotation disturbance measuring system bag of the present invention based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers
Include：
Vortex beams generation module, for the vortex beams using topological charge number needed for the generation of fork like grating method；
Mach increases Dare interferometer, and it is pi/2 that the vortex beams for vortex beams generation module to be produced, which are divided into phase difference,
Two beam vortex beams, then by two beam vortex beams coupling become a branch of output；
Beam splitter, the vortex beams for Mach to be increased to the output of Dare interferometer are divided into two beams, and a branch of balance that enters is visited
Module is surveyed, another beam enters Sa lattice clarke interferometer；
Balance detection module, including the first balanced detector and the second weighing apparatus detector that gain is identical, the first balance detection
Device receives the vortex beams that beam splitter is sent, and the second weighing apparatus detector receives the light beam of Sa lattice clarke interferometer output, and first is flat
Weighing apparatus detector and the second balanced detector carry out photoelectric current according to the light beam of reception and subtract each other, by the first balanced detector by result
Export to PGC demodulation module；
PGC demodulation module, for the signal exported according to the first balanced detector, it is inclined that control Mach increases Dare interferometer
The phase for wherein a branch of vortex beams that beam splitting of shaking is formed so that two beam vortex beams phase differences are locked in pi/2；
Sa lattice clarke interferometer, for the vortex beams received to be divided into two beams, and by rotation disturbance by after beam splitting
The phase differences of two light beams become larger, achieve the purpose that amplified signal.
Wherein, the vortex beams generation module include set gradually according to optical propagation direction 1064nm coherent sources,
Condenser lens, fork like grating panel and half-wave plate.
Wherein, the Mach, which increases Dare interferometer, includes the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, the first speculum
With the second speculum, first polarization beam apparatus is located at after vortex beams generation module, by the vortex beams received point
A branch of to pass through the first speculum back reflection to the second polarization beam apparatus for the vertical light beam in two beam polarization directions, another beam passes through
Second speculum phase adjusted back reflection to the second polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus couple the two light beams received
As a branch of output.
Wherein, the PGC demodulation module includes proportional integral circuit PID, high-voltage amplifier and piezoelectric ceramics, the ratio
First balanced detector of the example integrating circuit PID connections balance detection module, the piezoelectric ceramics are attached to described second
On speculum, proportional integral circuit PID, high-voltage amplifier and the piezoelectric ceramics are sequentially connected.
Wherein, the Sa lattice clarke interferometer includes the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, the 3rd speculum, the 4th speculum, the 5th
Speculum and Dove prism, the 3rd polarization beam apparatus receives the light beam that beam splitter is propagated, and is divided into two beams, it is a branch of successively
Dove prism is reflexed to through the 3rd speculum and the 4th speculum, another beam reflexes to Dove prism, road prestige through the 5th speculum
Prism propagates to the 3rd polarization beam apparatus by return after rotating the two light beams phase difference increase by propagation, by the 3rd polarization point
Exported after the coupling of beam device.
Further, which further includes signal generator, and the signal generator sends rotation disturbance signal, is loaded into
On the swing offset platform for carrying Dove prism, Dove prism is rotated.
Further, the beam splitter is specially polarizing beam splitter.The fork like grating panel include ten it is different
Optical grating construction, corresponds to the vortex beams for producing topological charge number from l=1 to 10 respectively.
Beneficial effect：The present invention is measured using the Sa lattice clarke interferometer of locking phase, instead of traditional Mach
While increasing Dare interferometer, the influence of ambient noise is reduced, and is exaggerated the phase signal that disturbance changes into.Profit of the invention
With the orbital angular momentum characteristic of vortex light, as detection light beam, rotation disturbance can be realized with Sa lattice clarke interferometer
The advantage of dynamic measurement combines, and further improves the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio of rotation disturbance measurement, is opened for the application of vortex light
New-world gate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the vortex beams that topological charge is l pass through the schematic diagram of Dove prism from both direction；
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of output power of the present invention and rotation disturbance signal under static measurement；
Fig. 4 dynamics measure lower interference signal amplitude and rotation disturbance signal frequency, the graph of a relation of vortex light step number.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the rotation disturbance measuring system of the present invention based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers
Increase Dare interferometer, beam splitter, balance detection module, PGC demodulation module and Sa including vortex beams generation module, Mach
Lattice clarke interferometer.
Wherein, vortex beams generation module is used for the vortex beams using topological charge number needed for the generation of fork like grating method, tool
Body includes 1064nm coherent sources 1, condenser lens 2, fork like grating panel 3 and the half-wave plate set gradually according to optical propagation direction
The light that 4,1064nm coherent sources 1 are sent is focused in fork like grating panel 3 into after crossing speculum collimation by condenser lens 2
The heart produces the preferable vortex beams of quality, and fork like grating panel 3 includes ten different optical grating constructions, can correspond to generation respectively
For topological charge number from l=1 to 10 vortex beams, half-wave plate 4 is used for adjusting the polarization of light beam, the vortex light of adjusted rear 45 ° of polarizations
Beam, which is sent to Mach, increases Dare interferometer.
Mach increases Dare interferometer and is used to carry out polarization beam splitting to the vortex beams that vortex beams generation module produces, and is formed
Phase difference is two beam vortex beams of pi/2, then the coupling of two beam vortex beams is become a branch of output.Specifically include the first polarization point
Beam device 4, the second polarization beam apparatus 5, the first speculum 7 and the second speculum 8, the first polarization beam apparatus 4 be located at half-wave plate 4 it
Afterwards, the vortex beams that half-wave plate 4 is propagated are divided into the vertical light beam in two beam polarization directions, it is a branch of anti-after the first speculum 7
It is incident upon the second polarization beam apparatus 5, another beam is by 8 phase adjusted back reflection of the second speculum to the second polarization beam apparatus 6, and second
The two light beams received coupling is become a branch of output by polarization beam apparatus 6.
Beam splitter is specially polarization beam apparatus 9, and the vortex beams for Mach to be increased to the output of Dare interferometer are divided into two
Beam, a branch of to enter balance detection module, another beam enters Sa lattice clarke interferometer.
Balance detection module includes the first identical balanced detector 10 of gain and the second weighing apparatus detector 11, the first balance are visited
To survey device 10 and receive the vortex beams that beam splitter is sent, the second weighing apparatus detector 11 receives the light beam of Sa lattice clarke interferometer output,
First balanced detector 10 and the second balanced detector 11 carry out photoelectric current according to the light beam of reception and subtract each other, and are visited by the first balance
Device 10 is surveyed to export result to PGC demodulation module.Classical amplitude after the result of balance detection is subtracted each other in energy deduction system is made an uproar
Sound, improves locking precision, reduces the noise of signal detection.
PGC demodulation module is used for the signal exported according to the first balanced detector 10, and it is inclined that control Mach increases Dare interferometer
The phase for wherein a branch of vortex beams that beam splitting of shaking is formed so that two beam vortex beams phase differences are locked in pi/2 and specifically include ratio
Example integrating circuit PID12, high-voltage amplifier 13 and piezoelectric ceramics 14, proportional integral circuit PID12 connection balance detection modules
First balanced detector 10, piezoelectric ceramics 14 are attached on the second speculum 8, proportional integral circuit PID12, high-voltage amplifier 13
It is sequentially connected with piezoelectric ceramics 14, the output of proportional integral circuit PID12 passes through piezoelectric ceramics after the amplification of high-voltage amplifier 13
14, which act on Mach, increases on one arm speculum 8 of Dare interferometer, increases the relative phase of Dare interferometer two-arm for adjusting Mach,
The phase difference of the Sa lattice clarke interferometer two-arm of locking below.The signal of PGC demodulation module extraction is in Sa lattice clarke interferometer
Front is extracted, and is because the frequency range of measured signal be low-frequency range, overlapping with the frequency range of ambient noise, being extracted in front can be to prevent
Stop signal locking means are fallen as ambient noise compensation.
Sa lattice clarke interferometer, Sa Ge are propagated to by reflective mirror 15 between Sa lattice clarke interferometer and polarization beam apparatus 9
Clarke interferometer is used to the vortex beams received being divided into two beams, and by rotation disturbance by the phase of the two light beams after beam splitting
Potential difference becomes larger, and achievees the purpose that amplified signal.Specifically include the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 16, the 3rd speculum 17, the 4th speculum
18th, the 5th speculum 19 and Dove prism 20, the light beam of reception is divided into two beams by the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 16, a branch of successively through
Three speculums 17 and the 4th speculum 18 reflex to Dove prism 20, and another beam reflexes to Dove prism through the 5th speculum 19
20, Dove prism 20 propagates to the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 16 by return after rotating the two light beams phase difference increase by propagation,
Exported after being coupled by the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 16.The polarization with Mach-Zehnder interferometers two-arm of Sa lattice clarke interferometer two-arm
Direction is consistent, and original small of amplitude ratio, beam beam splitting again is closed through it, and intermediate polarisation, therefore can be by adjusting horse without conversion
The two-arm of conspicuous Zeng Deer interferometers adjusts the interference contrast of Sa lattice clarke interferometer.The rotation disturbance signal of Dove prism by
The simulation of signal generator 21 produces, and on the swing offset platform of rotation disturbance signal loading to carrying Dove prism, rotates road power and influence
Mirror, the helical phase of the vortex beams entered to different directions carries out certain rotation, so that Sa lattice clarke interferometer two-arm
Phase difference increase, achieve the purpose that signal amplify.Pass through speculum after the vortex optical coupling that two beams rotate by a certain angle respectively
22, which reflex to balance detection device 11, receives, and result is observed and measured on oscillograph 23.
For above-mentioned measuring system, if there is N number of independent orbital angular momentum to bePhoton respectively from both direction
When reaching Sa lattice clarke interferometer, if as shown in Fig. 2, the rotating angle of Dove prism is θ, l rank vortexs light passes through Dove prism
After can rotate π -2l θ, that is to say, that Dove prism can give vortex light to provide the phase shift of π -2l θ, counter can be pushed away by measuring phase shift
Go out the size of disturbing signal, i.e. Dove prism rotation angle.
Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of measurement process below.Assuming thatWithFor photon creation operator and
Annihilations operator, then photon number operator beEach photon is separate, therefore, Sa lattice clarke interferometer a, b (Fig. 1
In 11 parts) average photon number that detects of two output terminals isIt will be apparent that the average photon number of detection is with doing
The phase difference of interferometer two-arm is related, that is to say, that related with the rotation angle θ of Dove prism.When the disturbance applied to Dove prism
Disturbed for low-angle, then signal isNoise isThe desired value of the number of photons of interferometer two-arm is
Then corresponding error is：
By (1), (2), (3) can obtain signal-to-noise ratio and be：
Since signal is average photon number to the differential of θ, the coefficient before θ can influence signal-to-noise ratio.Therefore, signal can be changed into
Originally 2l times, and noise figure is constant.
From the point of view of from the above, arbitrarily take interferometer export a ends or b ends can obtain signal detection as a result, but
In order to deduct classical amplitude noise, signal analysis is carried out using balance detection system.At this time, signal is
Noise is
Then have：
By statistical theory：
Total number of photons at both ends determines have
Derived more than and can be seen that balance detection in the case where deducting certain classical noise, the table of theoretical signal-to-noise ratio
It is constant up to formula.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the result figure of static measurement and the dynamic measurement of system respectively.During static measurement, by equal intervals angle
The output power of stellar interferometer while rotating Dove prism, output power can cyclically-varying after rotating certain number.No
It is different to change number of revolutions corresponding during a cycle for output power when the vortex light of homeomorphism lotus measures.By formula
(2), the cycle that two-arm phase difference θ changes 2 π is T=2 π/(2 × 2 × l)=pi/2 l, and l is bigger, and the cycle is shorter, rotates specific θ
When, phase difference change is bigger, that is, resolution ratio is higher.Fig. 3 be with vortex light step number l from 1-10 change when, phase difference variable
Change the situation of change reciprocal in the cycle of 2 π, as exponent number increases, the cycle tapers into, and theory meets preferable with experiment.It is dynamic
State is measured as under the rotation disturbance of the low frequency signal of different cycles, respectively with the vortex light measurement signal of different topology lotus, Fig. 4
For the result figure dynamically measured, it can be seen from the figure that under the rotation disturbance of the low frequency signal of different cycles, interference signal
Amplitude increases with the increase of vortex beams exponent number, and is linear relationship.
Above disclosed is only a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is impossible to the right model of the present invention is limited with this
Enclose, therefore equivalent variations made according to the claims of the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. rotation disturbance measuring system based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is characterised in that including：Vortex beams generation module, for the vortex beams using topological charge number needed for the generation of fork like grating method；Mach increases Dare interferometer, and the vortex beams for vortex beams generation module to be produced are divided into two that phase difference is pi/2 Beam vortex beams, then the coupling of two beam vortex beams is become into a branch of output；Beam splitter, the vortex beams for Mach to be increased to the output of Dare interferometer are divided into two beams, a branch of to enter balance detection mould Block, another beam enter Sa lattice clarke interferometer；Balance detection module, including identical the first balanced detector of gain and the second weighing apparatus detector, the first balanced detector connect The vortex beams that contracture optical element is sent, the second weighing apparatus detector receive the light beam of Sa lattice clarke interferometer output, and the first balance is visited Survey device and the second balanced detector according to the light beam of reception progress photoelectric current to be subtracted each other, exported result by the first balanced detector To PGC demodulation module；PGC demodulation module, for the signal exported according to the first balanced detector, control Mach increases Dare interferometer polarization point The phase for wherein a branch of vortex beams that beam is formed so that two beam vortex beams phase differences are locked in pi/2；Sa lattice clarke interferometer, for the vortex beams received to be divided into two beams, and by rotation disturbance by two after beam splitting The phase difference of light beams becomes larger, and achievees the purpose that amplified signal.
- 2. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 1 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：1064nm coherent sources that the vortex beams generation module includes setting gradually according to optical propagation direction, focus on it is saturating Mirror, fork like grating panel and half-wave plate.
- 3. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 1 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：The Mach, which increases Dare interferometer, includes the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, the first speculum and second Speculum, first polarization beam apparatus are located at after vortex beams generation module, and the vortex beams received are divided into two beams The vertical light beam in polarization direction, a branch of to pass through the first speculum back reflection to the second polarization beam apparatus, another beam is anti-by second Penetrate mirror phase adjusted back reflection to the second polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus becomes one by the two light beams received coupling Beam exports.
- 4. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 3 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：The PGC demodulation module includes proportional integral circuit PID, high-voltage amplifier and piezoelectric ceramics, the proportional integration First balanced detector of the circuit PID connections balance detection module, the piezoelectric ceramics are attached to second speculum On, proportional integral circuit PID, high-voltage amplifier and the piezoelectric ceramics are sequentially connected.
- 5. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 1 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：The Sa lattice clarke interferometer includes the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, the 3rd speculum, the 4th speculum, the 5th speculum And Dove prism, the 3rd polarization beam apparatus receives the light beam that beam splitter is propagated, and is divided into two beams, a branch of successively through the 3rd Speculum and the 4th speculum reflex to Dove prism, and another beam reflexes to Dove prism through the 5th speculum, and Dove prism leads to Cross after rotation increases the two light beams phase difference of propagation to return and propagate to the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, by the 3rd polarization beam apparatus coupling Exported after conjunction to oscillograph.
- 6. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 5 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：Signal generator is further included, the signal generator sends rotation disturbance signal, is loaded into the rotation of carrying Dove prism In indexable moving stage, Dove prism is rotated.
- 7. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 1 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：The beam splitter is specially polarizing beam splitter.
- 8. the rotation disturbance measuring system according to claim 2 based on vortex beams and Sa Ge clarke interferometers, it is special Sign is：The fork like grating panel includes ten different optical grating constructions, and the corresponding topological charge number that produces is from l=1 to 10 respectively Vortex beams.
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| CN114370928A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 南京大学 | Linear type sagnac interferometric optical fiber vibration sensor |
| CN114370928B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-08-22 | 南京大学 | Linear type Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensor |
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