CN106319979A - 一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法 Download PDF

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CN106319979A
CN106319979A CN201610700346.1A CN201610700346A CN106319979A CN 106319979 A CN106319979 A CN 106319979A CN 201610700346 A CN201610700346 A CN 201610700346A CN 106319979 A CN106319979 A CN 106319979A
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ground
carbon fiber
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CN106319979B (zh
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杨朝坤
朱增余
雷伟
刘飞
罗国伟
黄润根
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Guangdong Yatai New Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法。它是将磨碎的短切碳纤维、胶及稀释剂混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶，再在干织物层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，或者在去除了去离型纸和离型膜的织物预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶；然后模压成型，得到复合材料。本发明在干织物层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶或者在去除了去离型纸和离型膜的织物预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶，通过模压使刚硬状的短切碳纤维嵌入织物层纤维间的缝隙中，无数个微小的短切碳纤维嵌入织物纤维的层间能起到销钉的连接作用，可显著提高抗分层性能，同时还能提高材料的综合力学性能，如抗剪切性能。

Description

一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域，具体涉及一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法。
背景技术
多层复合板材的易分层的问题，是影响材料综合使用性能的重要指标。国内外都有一些技术措施，如织物缝合技术、三维编织技术、Z-pin销钉植入技术、原位复合技术、X-core技术、纱线层连技术、绗缝技术、纤维针刺毡技术等。这些技术一是生产成本较高，二是生产过程对纤维的损伤较严重，三是生产工艺标准化程度低，四是产品的质量一致性难以控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法。
本发明的提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将磨碎的短切碳纤维、胶及稀释剂混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶，再在干织物层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，或者在去除了去离型纸和离型膜的织物预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶；然后模压成型，得到复合材料。
所述胶一般采用热固性树脂或者热塑性树脂。所述胶为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂或聚酰亚胺或聚氨酯(PU)等或热塑聚合物如聚丙烯PP或聚酰亚胺PA等。
优选，具体步骤如下：
a、将磨碎的短切碳纤维与环氧树脂和丙酮按照质量比：15～20：60～70：15～20混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶；
b、在碳纤维织物层间或去除了离型纸和离型膜的环氧树脂基预浸料层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，磨碎纤维胶湿态厚度为0.2～1mm，然后模压成型，得到复合材料。
优选，所述的磨碎的短切碳纤维是将长度为0.5～4mm的短切碳纤维经过球磨机磨碎后，变成磨碎碳纤维，磨碎碳纤维为两端尖锐的刚性针状体，其长度在0.1～2mm，磨碎碳纤维的细度为2～8μm。
优选，所述的模压成型是在上、下模具的边缘处涂敷磨碎纤维胶，使得边缘或角处的开放式织物层断面呈饱和粘接，以增强粘接牢度，然后将上、下模具合模，模具升温，模压成型，得到复合材料。
本发明在干织物层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶或者在去除了去离型纸和离型膜的织物预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶，通过模压使刚硬状的短切碳纤维嵌入织物层纤维间的缝隙中，无数个微小的短切碳纤维嵌入织物纤维的层间能起到销钉的连接作用，可显著提高抗分层性能，同时还能提高材料的综合力学性能，如抗剪切性能。三维分布的磨碎的短切碳纤维作为多层复合材料的夹层，能有效克服以往多层同类纤维织物或预浸料容易分层的缺陷。通过模具的型面控制，贴模制备工艺，还可制备成异形曲面夹芯结构材料。因此，本发明的方法是提高多层复合材料抗分层能力的有效方法，也是复合材料的制备技术中较经济的方法之一。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
1、将长度为0.5～4mm的短切碳纤维经过球磨机磨碎后，变成磨碎碳纤维，磨碎碳纤维为两端尖锐的刚性针状体。其长度在0.1～2mm之间，磨碎碳纤维的细度在2～8μm(微米)。
2、将磨碎纤维与环氧树脂和丙酮按照质量比：15％：70％：15％混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶，以便于用毛刷或胶辊涂敷。
3、在碳纤维织物层(干燥状态下)间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，磨碎纤维胶湿态厚度为0.2～1mm。
4、在上、下模具的边缘处涂敷磨碎纤维胶，使得边缘或角处的开放式碳纤维织物层断面呈饱和粘接，以增强粘接牢度。
5、将上、下模具合模，模具升温到70～75摄氏度进行预热，预压压力为10MPa，预热预压时长30min，期间泄压至0共三次；然后模具升温至135摄氏度，压力增至60MPa，保压时长50min，模压成型。
6、模具自然冷却，出模，得到抗分层性能好的复合材料。
在没有层间填充磨碎纤维的情况下，层间剪切强度和层间拉伸强度就是树脂的剪切强度和拉伸强度。即在碳纤维织物层(干燥状态下)间直接涂敷环氧树脂和丙酮而不添加短切碳纤维的情况下，按照同样的模压程序，其获得的复合材料的层间强度为20～35MPa，而按照本实施例的方法制备得到的复合材料，其层间强度为45～75MPa。
实施例2：
1、将长度为0.5～4mm的短切碳纤维经过球磨机磨碎后，变成磨碎碳纤维，磨碎碳纤维为两端尖锐的刚性针状体。其长度在0.1～2mm之间，磨碎碳纤维的细度在2～8μm(微米)。
2、将磨碎纤维与环氧树脂和丙酮按照质量比：20％：60％：20％混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶，以便于用毛刷或胶辊涂敷。
3、将用于制造玻璃纤维织物的环氧树脂基预浸料先除去离型纸和离型膜，再在预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶，磨碎纤维胶湿态厚度为0.2～1mm。
4、在上、下模具的边缘处涂敷磨碎纤维胶，使得边缘或角处的开放式碳纤维织物层断面呈饱和粘接，以增强粘接牢度。
5、将上、下模具合模，模具升温到70～75摄氏度进行预热，预压压力为10MPa，预热预压时长30min，期间泄压至0共三次；然后模具升温至135摄氏度，压力增至60MPa，保压时长50min，模压成型。
6、模具冷却，出模，得到抗分层性能好的复合材料。
在没有层间填充磨碎纤维的情况下，层间剪切强度和层间拉伸强度就是树脂的剪切强度和拉伸强度。即在环氧树脂基预浸料层间直接涂敷环氧树脂和丙酮而不添加短切碳纤维的情况下，其获得的复合材料的层间强度为15～25MPa，而按照本实施例的方法制备得到的复合材料，其层间强度为35～55MPa。

Claims (5)

1.一种提高复合材料抗分层性能的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将磨碎的短切碳纤维、胶及稀释剂混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶，再在干织物层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，或者在去除了去离型纸和离型膜的织物预浸料层间涂敷磨碎纤维胶；然后模压成型，得到复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述胶为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、聚丙烯PP或聚酰亚胺PA。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
a、将磨碎的短切碳纤维与环氧树脂和丙酮按照质量比：15～20：60～70：15～20混合均匀，形成磨碎纤维胶；
b、在碳纤维织物层间或去除了离型纸和离型膜的环氧树脂基预浸料层间直接涂敷磨碎纤维胶，磨碎纤维胶湿态厚度为0.2～1mm，然后模压成型，得到复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的磨碎的短切碳纤维是将长度为0.5～4mm的短切碳纤维经过球磨机磨碎后，变成磨碎碳纤维，磨碎碳纤维为两端尖锐的刚性针状体，其长度在0.1～2mm，磨碎碳纤维的细度为2～8μm。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的模压成型是在上、下模具的边缘处涂敷磨碎纤维胶，使得边缘或角处的开放式织物层断面呈饱和粘接，以增强粘接牢度，然后将上、下模具合模，模具升温，模压成型，得到复合材料。
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CN101628816B (zh) * 2008-07-17 2013-03-13 鞍山塞诺达碳纤维有限公司 一种高密度刚性碳纤维隔热保温材料的制造方法
CN103009729B (zh) * 2011-09-26 2015-09-30 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 碳纤维复合材料、槽罐及其制备方法
CN102602065A (zh) * 2012-03-05 2012-07-25 东北林业大学 短切碳纤维增强木质功能复合材料及其制备方法
CN103568385B (zh) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-22 四川创越炭材料有限公司 一种复合碳纤维硬质保温毡及其制备方法
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CN114643754A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2022-06-21 贵州至当科技有限公司 一种织物增强的cf-smc片材及制备方法

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