CN106319500A - 锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液及处理方法 - Google Patents

锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液及处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106319500A
CN106319500A CN201610724938.7A CN201610724938A CN106319500A CN 106319500 A CN106319500 A CN 106319500A CN 201610724938 A CN201610724938 A CN 201610724938A CN 106319500 A CN106319500 A CN 106319500A
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conversion film
zinc
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王万强
周宏�
黄正荣
萨日娜
翟运飞
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Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液及处理方法,本发明公开了锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液包括:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银;上述含量均为质量含量。

Description

锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液及处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及锌镀层黑色转化膜工艺技术,特别属于具有溶液性能稳定的、在常温情况可实施、浸渍处理时间短的在锌镀层上获得黑色转化膜的工艺。
背景技术
红外探测技术等光学产品应用中,对杂散光线的吸收和反射有较高的要求,因此希望在这一系统中的零件表面能尽可能把杂散光完全吸收,或者即使有反射,反射后的能量也要尽可能最低,否则,会对红外探测的信号以及光学性能产生干扰,使红外导引头灵等光学器件敏度下降,影响产品的整体性能。但是现有技术中缺少一种能够稳定、快速地在锌镀层表面形成黑色转化膜的工艺。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是现有技术中缺少一种能够稳定、快速地在锌镀层表面形成黑色转化膜的工艺;为解决所述问题,本发明提供一种锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液及处理方法。
本发明提供的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液包括:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银;上述含量均为质量含量。
进一步,所述溶液的溶剂为去离子水。
进一步,包括:镀锌;在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜;形成黑色转化膜的步骤包括:将锌镀膜在质量组成为:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银的处理溶液中浸泡。
进一步,处理溶液的温度为18℃~35℃,浸入处理溶液中处理时间为10s~60s。
进一步,在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜之前还包括:对制品进行喷砂、有机溶剂除油、吹干、酸洗、清洗、电化学除油、清洗、酸洗、清洗、镀锌、自来水、清洗、去离子水清洗。
进一步,在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜之后还包括:去离子水清洗和吹干。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的技术方案在金属表面形成致密的、色泽均匀的和结合牢固的镀锌层黑色转化膜。研究制定了以银盐体系的黑色转化膜溶液,成膜时间短,膜层黑度高,溶液稳定性增强。
附图说明
图1为实施锌镀层黑色转化膜处理的制品图。
图2为锌镀层黑色转化膜层表面形貌图。
图3为锌镀层黑色转化膜元素成分分析图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液包括:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银;上述含量均为质量含量,溶剂为去离子水。
铬酐是形成转化膜的主要成份,对膜层厚度、黑度、耐腐蚀影响大,无铬酐时,膜层为松软的灰黑色。当铬酐质量含量小于1%时,只能得到不连续的黑色膜层,以及发彩色的膜层;随着铬酐含量增加,膜层黑化和连续程度不断增大,当质量含量超过3.5%时,膜层颜色向黄黑色转变,膜层溶解速度增大,成膜困难。要取得正常的黑色膜层,铬酐质量含量应当控制在1.5~2.0%之间,比如1.6%、1.8%。
硫酸钠是转化膜溶液的重要成分。硫酸钠质量含量小于1%时,膜层呈灰黑色;当含量大于4%时,膜层转变为黄墨绿色;当含量大于5%时,溶液的膜层溶解速度增强,只能得到不连续、模糊的膜层。所以硫酸钠质量含量应在1.5~2.0%,比如1.6%、1.8%。
磷酸二氢钠在处理过程中,对膜层骨架结构起填充作用。当转化膜溶液不含磷酸二氢钠时,膜层呈暗黄色。随着磷酸二氢钠的增加,黑色不断地加深,而暗黄色逐渐减少,在含量达到0.1%时暗黄色已基本消失;当含量超过1%时,黑色淡化,超过2%时,膜层结合力差。要得到黑度、结合力好的转化膜层,磷酸二氢钠控制在0.1~0.3%。
硝酸银时黑色转化膜的发黑剂。无硝酸银成分,膜层呈墨绿色;溶液中加入0.005%微量的硝酸银时,即可得到黑色膜层;当含量大于0.15%时,膜层呈深蓝黑色,随着含量增加膜层趋向疏松,并且溶液中富裕的银离子多以悬浮的沉淀形式存在,添加过多的硝酸银无意义,一般控制在0.01~0.1%。
将表面为锌镀层的制品在温度为18℃~35℃的所述处理溶液中浸泡10s~60s即可形成均匀致密的黑色转化层。温度低时,反应速度慢。低于15℃,转化膜黑度差,膜层泛彩色、有彩虹色;温度高于40℃膜层不均匀、泛彩色、膜层易脱落、发花和模糊现象。溶液的温度设定在18℃~35℃。处理时间与溶液温度、溶液浓度等有关,当温度、浓度等条件一定时,处理时间短,膜薄、色淡、泛彩色,处理时间长,膜层易脱落、不均匀等。从试验中得出,镀锌后黑色转化膜的处理时间控制在15~60s。
本发明还提供采用所述处理溶液形成锌镀层黑色转化膜的处理方法,包括如下制作步骤:
1)喷砂
2)有机溶剂除油
3)吹干;
4)酸洗;
5)清洗;
6)电化学除油;
7)清洗;
8)酸洗;
9)清洗;
10)镀锌
11)清洗
12)去离子水清洗;
13)黑色转化膜浸渍处理;
14)去离子水清洗;
15)吹干。
所述步骤1)~步骤9),是镀锌前处理部分,采用通常的能获取正常镀锌层的前处理工艺方法即可;
所述步骤10)镀锌,采用碱性锌酸盐、硫酸盐或氰化物等电镀锌体系均可。
采用碱性锌酸盐镀锌的工艺参数见表1。
表1
名称 含量
氧化锌 12~20g/L
氢氧化钠 100~160g/L
添加剂 4.5~6mL/L
温度 10~45℃
阴极电流密度 0.5~4A/dm2
碱性锌酸盐镀锌是以氧化锌和过量的氢氧化钠作用配制而成,其中加少量表面活性物质的添加剂,溶液成分简单、稳定,均镀能力和深镀能力较好,适合几何形状不很复杂的零件。溶液对钢铁设备腐蚀小。镀液槽电压较高,镀层较厚时有脆性。能在后续处理溶液生成较好的黑色转化膜。
采用硫酸盐镀锌的工艺参数见表2
表2
名称 含量
硫酸锌 470~500g/L
硫酸铝 25~35g/L
硫酸铝钾 45~50 g/L
硫酸钠 45~55 g/L
PH值 3.8~4.5
温度 10~35℃
阴极电流密度 1~2A/dm2
硫酸盐镀锌属于简单盐体系,阴极极化小,均镀能力和深镀能力较差,阴极电流密度的上限高,电流效率高,所以沉积速度快,不适合几何形状复杂的零件。溶液对钢铁设备有有腐蚀作用。能在后续处理溶液生成较好的黑色转化膜。
采用氰化镀锌的工艺参数见表3
名称 含量
氧化锌 37~49g/L
氢氧化钠 80~100g/L
总氰化钠 100~120g/L
HT光锌水 6~8mLg/L
温度 21~43℃
阴极电流密度 2~5A/dm2
氰化镀锌属于络合体系,阴极电流密度和溶液温度范围较大,均镀能力和深镀能力好,适合几何形状复杂的零件。溶液对设备腐蚀很小。缺点是镀液有毒性。能在后续处理溶液生成良好的黑色转化膜。
所述步骤11)清洗是采用将制品浸入流动自来水中清洗。
所述步骤12)、14)去离子水清洗是防止不纯水中的氯离子等杂质与银离子作用,毒化黑色转化膜处理溶液和被加工件表面质量。
所述步骤13)黑色转化膜浸渍处理是浸渍在黑色转化膜溶液中进行,处理溶液的温度为18℃~35℃、处理时间为10s~60s。
所述步骤15)吹干是采用压缩空气吹干制品表面。
在本发明的一个实例中,在黄铜H62材料制品进行。
步骤1喷砂的磨料:氧化铝;喷砂的磨料粒度(目数):80~100(粗砂),180~240(细砂);喷砂的风压(MPa):0.049~0.098(细砂),0.098~0.196(粗砂);喷枪口与制品被加工表面的距离(mm):50~150(细砂),80~300(粗砂)。
步骤2有机溶剂除油采用航空洗涤汽油浸渍擦洗除油;
步骤3和步骤15吹干采用无油、无水、无固体颗粒的干净压缩空气吹除、吹干制品表面的有机溶剂和水;
步骤4和步骤8酸洗采用盐酸50g/L溶液,制品浸渍处理时间为5s;
步骤5、步骤7步骤9和步骤11清洗采用将制品浸入流动自来水中清洗,浸渍清洗时间为10s;
步骤6电化学除油采用含有碳酸钠40g/L、磷酸钠40g/L、硅酸钠5g/L成分的电化学除油溶液,操作温度为50~70℃、浸入溶液中制品的阴极电流密度为5A/dm2、阴极除油时间为3min;
步骤10镀锌采用含有氧化锌12g/L、氢氧化钠130g/L、EQD-3添加剂3mL/L成分的锌酸盐镀锌溶液,操作温度为室温、浸入溶液中制品的阴极电流密度为2A/dm2,镀锌层厚度不低于4μm;
步骤12、步骤14去离子水清洗采用将制品浸入去离子水中,清洗时间为10s;
步骤13黑色转化膜浸渍处理采用的处理溶液为铬酐20g/L、磷酸二氢钠2g/L、硫酸钠20g/L、硝酸银1g/L、其余为去离子水,溶液温度为22℃、制品浸入溶液中处理时间为15s。得到图1所示的致密、色泽均匀、结合牢固的镀锌层黑色转化膜。
图1为本实例形成的锌镀层黑色转化膜的外形图,图2为锌镀层黑色转化膜层表面形貌图。 图3为锌镀层黑色转化膜元素成分分析图。
由本实施例处理的制品的膜层基本性能:
(1)锌镀层黑色转化膜层表面的元素成分分析,锌镀层黑色转化膜元素成分见表4。
表4
元素 O S Cr Zn Ag
重量百分比组成wt% 25.27 3.85 16.07 49.00 5.80
分析表明该处膜层含有Zn:49%,O:25.27%,Cr:16.07%,Ag:5.8%,S:3.85%,主要是Zn,Cr和它们的氧化物,还含有少量硫酸盐和银或银的盐类的沉淀。
银盐型黑色成膜反应机理:硝酸银为黑色发黑剂,反应式
2 Ag+ + Zn→Zn+2 +2 Ag
溶液中银离子在锌镀层表面被还原成“银核”,反应过程中锌表面产生分散的无定形氧化物和细小的扩散晶粒“银核”,“银核”弥漫在氧化物中成为吸光中心,形成黑色膜层,膜层具有良好的抗腐蚀性和黑度。
(2)锌镀层黑色转化膜层与基体结合力
锌镀层黑色转化膜层结合力按QJ479-90《金属镀覆层结合强度试验方法》中弯曲法测定。将被测试件夹紧在平口台钳上,反复迅速地向上、下弯曲180度(向上90度,向下90度)直至被测试件拆断。目视和用五倍放大镜检查被测试件拆断处无起皮、脱落。
(3)锌镀层黑色转化膜层中性盐雾腐蚀试验
锌镀层黑色转化膜层中性盐雾腐蚀试验按QJ2027-90《金属镀覆层耐盐雾试验方法》,试验结果为:经96h中性盐雾试验后,被测试件的零件表面未出现腐蚀产物及其它变化。
(4)锌镀层黑色转化膜层光泽度
锌镀层黑色转化膜层光泽度按QJ990.4-86 《涂层光泽检验方法》,使用G2-II型光电光泽计测定。测试结果是光泽度数值为<5%。
综上,通过本发明提供的技术方案可以在金属表面形成致密的、色泽均匀的和结合牢固的镀锌层黑色转化膜。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并不是用来限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改,因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液,其特征在于,包括:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银;上述含量均为质量含量。
2.依据权利要求1所述的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理溶液,其特征在于,所述溶液的溶剂为去离子水。
3.锌镀层黑色转化膜处理方法,其特征在于,包括:镀锌;在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜;形成黑色转化膜的步骤包括:将锌镀膜在质量组成为:1.5~2.0%铬酐、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钠、1.5~2.0%硫酸钠、0.01~0.1%硝酸银的处理溶液中浸泡。
4.依据权利要求3所述的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理方法,其特征在于,处理溶液的温度为18℃~35℃,浸入处理溶液中处理时间为10s~60s。
5.依据权利要求3所述的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理方法,其特征在于,在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜之前还包括:对制品进行喷砂、有机溶剂除油、吹干、酸洗、清洗、电化学除油、清洗、酸洗、清洗、镀锌、自来水、清洗、去离子水清洗。
6.依据权利要求3所述的锌镀层黑色转化膜处理方法,其特征在于,在锌镀膜表面形成黑色转化膜之后还包括:去离子水清洗和吹干。
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