CN106316982A - 噻嗪酰胺衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
噻嗪酰胺衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
- C07D279/12—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines not condensed with other rings
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- Nitrogen- Or Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Ring Compounds With Rings Of Six Or More Members (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,特别地,本发明涉及噻嗪酰胺衍生物化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,含有所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物组合物,制备所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的方法,以及所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的用途,例如,本发明的化合物可用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病和由物理损伤或相关疾病引起的神经病变疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,特别地,本发明涉及噻嗪酰胺衍生物化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,含有所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物组合物,制备所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的方法,以及所述化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的用途,例如,本发明的化合物可用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病和由物理损伤或相关疾病引起的神经病变。
背景技术
神经退行性疾病是一类由神经系统进行性病变所引起的疾病,包括阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)、帕金森氏病(Parkinson’s disease)、亨廷顿氏病(Huntington’s disease)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)等,由于这类疾病的发生原因复杂,致病机制不很明确,目前尚没有找到有效的治疗药物。
FK506结合蛋白(FKBPs)由于其与免疫抑制剂FK506(tacrolimus)结合而命名,是FK506产生免疫抑制作用的重要介质,其生理功能仍未完全阐明。Steiner J.P.等人于1992年发现FKBPs在脑和外周的浓度远大于其在免疫组织中的浓度,这就让人猜想FKBPs与神经系统可能存在某种关系。Dawson等人的研究结果表明,FK506能够阻断谷氨酸激活NMDA受体(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor)引起的神经兴奋性毒性。据推测,这可能是抑制了钙依赖磷酸酶(Calcineurin)后增加了一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的磷酸化水平,抑制了NOS的催化活性,避免了神经元受到NO的损伤。此外,研究发现,与神经元的增长密切相关的蛋白——GAP43(growth associated protein-43)同时也是钙依赖磷酸酶的底物,面神经和坐骨神经损伤的神经再生总伴有明显的GAP43的mRNA水平增加,而同时,FKBPs的mRNA水平也相应提高。这些研究结果都表明,FKBPs与神经生长可能存在一定的关系。上述结果最终促使人们从FKBPs的配体中找到了可促神经生长的有机小分子化合物,而FKBPs也因此被称为神经亲免素。
在这种思想的指导下,1994年,Lyons等人研究发现,免疫抑制剂FK506在体外有显著的促神经生长活性,开创了有机小分子神经生长促进剂研究的先河。虽然FKBP家族配体促神经生长和保护的机理目前尚未完全清楚,但越来越多的研究表明,FKBPs参与介导了这一过程。使用体外试验(例如鸡胚背根神经生长试验、PC12细胞分化试验以及神经细胞株氧化损伤试验等)和多种动物模型(例如大鼠外周围坐骨神经损伤模型、糖尿病鼠外周神经变性病模型、帕金森氏症动物模型和早老性痴呆症动物模型等)进行评价,结果表明,一些基于FKBPs结构设计和合成的化合物具有显著的促神经生长和保护功能,这些化合物中的典型代表是Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.的GPI1485。该公司将GPI1485作为治疗帕金森氏症及脑卒中的防治药,已完成了II期临床研究,III期临床也正在进行之中。与此同时,大量的高活性化合物也正不断涌现,使FKBPs成为神经退行性疾病防治药物的重要靶标。
中国发明专利ZL01142744.2(取代六元氮杂环类化合物及其作为神经调节剂的用途)披露了一类全新结构的具有促神经再生的FKBP配体,其中化合物4是最优化合物。但研究发现其血脑屏障通过能力较差,且由于熔点较低,常温下呈油状,不适合用于制备神经退行性疾病防治药物的用途。中国发明专利CN102675244公开了其优化的化合物,但其促神经纤维生长活性和体内药效有进一步提高的空间。
发明内容
在本申请的说明书和权利要求书中,化合物都是依据化学结构式而命名的,如果表示同一化合物时化合物的命名与化学结构式不符,以化学结构式或化学反应式为准。
在本发明中,除非另有说明,否则本文中使用的科学和技术名词具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义。并且,本文中所涉及的实验室操作步骤均为相应领域内广泛使用的常规步骤。同时,为了更好地理解本发明,下面提供相关术语的定义和解释。
如本文中使用的,术语“噻嗪”是指含有四个环碳原子、一个环氮原子和一个环硫原子的六元环状结构,包括但不限于1,3-噻嗪、1,4-噻嗪、二氢-1,3-噻嗪、二氢-1,4-噻嗪、四氢-1,3-噻嗪、四氢-1,4-噻嗪等。术语“噻嗪酰胺”是指被酰胺基团所取代的噻嗪结构。
本发明所述的“C1-4烷基”是指直链或支链的含有1-4个碳原子的烷基,包括但不限于C1-2烷基、C1-3烷基、C2-4烷基,例如:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基等。
本发明所述的“C1-4烷氧基”是指C1-4烷基通过氧原子与其他结构相连接的基团,包括但不限于C1-2烷氧基、C1-3烷氧基、C2-4烷氧基,例如:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。
本发明所述的“药学上可接受的盐”包括但不限于无机酸盐和有机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、草酸盐、三甲乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、藻酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苦味酸盐、葡糖酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、琥珀酸盐、双羟萘酸盐等。
本发明化合物的“溶剂化物”是指本发明化合物与溶剂分子缔合形成的物质。所述溶剂可以是有机溶剂(例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙腈等)、水等。例如本发明式(I)化合物可以与乙醇形成乙醇化物,与水形成水合物。
本发明所述的“神经退行性疾病”是指由神经系统进行性病变所引起的疾病,包括但不限于阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化。
本发明所述的“物理损伤”包括但不限于热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤。
本发明所述的“由相关疾病引起的神经病变”包括但不限于获得性免疫缺陷引起的神经病变、糖尿病引起的神经病变和中风引起的神经病变。
本发明所述的“有效量”是指足以获得或至少部分获得期望的效果的量。例如,预防疾病(例如神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变)有效量是指,足以预防、阻止或延迟疾病(例如神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变)的发生的量;治疗疾病有效量是指,足以治愈或至少部分阻止已患有疾病的患者的疾病和其并发症的量。测定这样的有效量完全在本领域技术人员的能力范围之内。例如,对于治疗用途有效的量将取决于待治疗的疾病的严重度、患者自己的免疫系统的总体状态、患者的一般情况例如年龄、体重和性别,药物的施用方式,以及同时施用的其他治疗等等。
本发明所述的“约”应该被本领域技术人员理解,并将随其所用之处的上下文而有一定程度的变化。如果根据术语应用的上下文,对于本领域技术人员而言,其使用不是清楚的,那么“约”的意思是不超过所述特定数值或范围的正负10%。
本发明人通过深入的研究和创造性的劳动,得到了一种噻嗪酰胺衍生物。本发明人发现,通过对如式(I)所示的噻嗪酰胺衍生物中的R1、R2和/或R3基团进行合适的选择,可以使得到的化合物在神经营养活性、对小鼠脑卒中的体内药效和/或血脑屏障通过能力等方面相对于现有噻嗪酰胺衍生物得到提高。由此提供了下述发明:
在一个方面,本发明提供了如通式(I)所示的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,
其中,
R1选自C1-4烷基;
R2、R3分别独立地选自C1-4烷基,任选地,所述C1-4烷基被苯基取代;
任选地,所述苯基被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、氨基和羧基的取代基取代。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1选自C2-3烷基,优选地,R1为乙基;
优选地,R2、R3分别独立地选自C1-4烷基;
更优选地,所述R3选自C1-3烷基。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R2选自C1-4烷基,并且所述C1-4烷基被苯基取代,任选地,所述苯基被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、氨基和羧基的取代基取代;
更优选地,R2为苯甲基或苯乙基;
优选地,R1为甲基;
优选地,R3为甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯甲基。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1为甲基;
R2选自C2-4烷基;
优选地,R2选自C3-4烷基;
更优选地,R2为异丙基或仲丁基;
优选地,R3为甲基、乙基、叔丁基或苯甲基。
本发明的部分化合物如表1所示。
表1本发明的部分化合物
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其含有如上述定义的任一种化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物;优选地,所述组合物还含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。所述载体和/或赋形剂包括但不限于:离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,血清蛋白如人血清蛋白,缓冲物质如磷酸盐,甘油,山梨酸,山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶态氧化硅,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维素物质,聚乙二醇,羧甲基纤维素钠,聚丙烯酸酯,蜂蜡,聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物和羊毛脂。
所述药物组合物可以制成药学上可接受的任一剂型。所述药物组合物还可以以任何合适的给药方式,例如口服、肠胃外、直肠或经肺给药等方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者或受试者。用于口服给药时,所述药物组合物可制成常规的固体制剂,如片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂等;也可制成口服液体制剂,如口服溶液剂、口服混悬剂、糖浆剂等。制成口服制剂时,可以加入适宜的填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂等。用于肠胃外给药时,所述药物组合物可制成注射剂,包括注射液、注射用无菌粉末与注射用浓溶液。制成注射剂时,可采用现有制药领域中的常规方法生产,配制注射剂时,可以不加入附加剂,也可根据药物的性质加入适宜的附加剂。用于直肠给药时,所述药物组合物可制成栓剂等。用于经肺给药时,所述药物组合物可制成吸入剂或喷雾剂等。
在另一方面,本发明提供了如上定义的任一种化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变;
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变的方法,其包括给有此需要的受试者施用治疗和/或预防有效量的如上定义的任一种化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,或如上定义的药物组合物。
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
在另一方面,本发明提供了如上定义的任一种化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,其用于预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变;
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
本发明还提供了式(I)化合物的制备方法,其包括但不限于下述工艺路线:
其中,R1、R2、R3如前文所述。
所述制备方法中,各缩写所代表的物质如下:DCC:二环己基碳二亚胺;DMAP:4-二甲氨基吡啶;DCM:二氯甲烷;THF:四氢呋喃。
所述制备方法的示例性步骤如下:
(1)将L-半胱氨酸溶于极性溶剂(例如水)中,调节pH值至7,在0-10℃下滴入环氧乙烷,反应得到化合物1。
(2)将化合物1溶于浓盐酸,在90-95℃下反应得到化合物2。
(3)将化合物2溶于水中,滴加碱性溶液(例如碳酸氢钠水溶液)。经萃取、干燥和浓缩,得到有机相。加入极性溶剂(例如甲醇),室温下反应,得到化合物3。
(4)将化合物3溶于极性溶剂(例如THF)中,加入碱性溶液(例如碳酸氢钠水溶液)和原料1,室温下反应,得到化合物4;所述原料1优选如上述路线中所示的R1取代的苯磺酰氯。
(5)将化合物4和原料2在失水剂(例如DCC)、催化剂(例如DMAP)和碱(例如三乙胺)存在的条件下反应,得到目标产物;所述原料2优选如上述路线中所示的含有R2、R3基团的氨基酸酯或其盐,例如其盐酸盐。
发明的有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的如式(I)所示的化合物具有以下有益效果中的一个或多个:
(1)本发明化合物的神经营养活性与现有的噻嗪酰胺衍生物相比得到提高;
(2)本发明化合物对小鼠脑卒中的体内药效优于现有的噻嗪酰胺衍生物;
(3)本发明化合物的血脑屏障通过能力优于现有的噻嗪酰胺衍生物。
本发明化合物可用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病,例如阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化,以及由物理损伤或相关疾病,例如获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风等引起的神经病变。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
试剂:未给出合成过程的反应原料均为市售,反应用溶剂都经标准化预处理。
仪器:化合物熔点由RY-1型熔点仪测定;1H NMR由ARX-400NMR仪测定;质谱由VG-ZabSpec MS仪测定。
实施例1 2-羟乙基半胱氨酸(化合物1)的合成
在2000ml的圆底烧瓶中加入109g(0.9mol)L-半胱氨酸,用1000ml蒸馏水溶解,冰浴冷却至10℃,加入24ml 1M的NaOH水溶液,中和至pH约为7。在10℃下移取提前冷却的环氧乙烷100ml,加毕,10℃下恒温反应1小时,之后,室温反应1.5小时。
用乙醚萃取(400ml×4)以除去未反应的环氧乙烷。在低于60℃的条件下,蒸馏除去体系中的水层,得黄色固体,用混合溶剂(水:乙醇=85ml:350ml)重结晶,过滤,用95wt%的乙醇充分洗涤,得到产物,为白色鳞片状固体(约100g,产率67.5%)。
m.p.195-196℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ:3.96131(dd,1H,J1=4.272Hz,J2=7.816Hz),3.80680-3.77293(m,2H),3.17887(dd,1H,J1=4.268Hz,J2=14.814Hz),3.08224(dd,1H,J1=7.480Hz,J2=14.814Hz),2.80103(t,2H,J=6.036Hz).
实施例2 2-氯乙基半胱氨酸盐酸盐(化合物2)的合成
在1000ml圆底烧瓶中加入44g 2-羟乙基半胱氨酸,溶于600ml浓盐酸中,加热至90-95℃,搅拌下反应7小时。反应完毕,在冰箱中冷藏静置过夜,体系中析出大量针状固体。抽滤去除溶剂,所得固体自然干燥,得到产物,为灰白色固体(约40g,产率>70%)。
m.p.185-186℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ:4.30477-4.26952(m,1H),3.81913-3.78409(m,2H),3.25903(dd,1H,J1=4.444Hz,J2=14.984Hz),3.18877(dd,1H,J1=7.352Hz,J2=15.072Hz),3.04410-3.00625(m,2H).
实施例3 L-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸盐酸盐(化合物3)的合成
取20g 2-氯乙基半胱氨酸盐酸盐,溶于水中,冰浴下滴加含7.2gNaHCO3的水溶液。加毕,充分搅拌溶液以中和,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,Na2SO4干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,加入400ml无水甲醇,室温下搅拌反应5天。减压蒸除溶剂,用混合溶剂(甲醇-乙醚)重结晶,得到近白色固体(约6g)。比旋光度[α]D 24.5=-27.1°(H2O)。
m.p.>230℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.67672-3.64308(m,1H),3.55044-3.50108(m,1H),3.16622-3.08322(m,1H),2.92045-2.90326(m,1H),2.83678-2.75406(m,2H),2.61390-2.59272(m,1H).MS(FAB)m/z:148.
实施例4 L-4-对甲苯磺酰-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸(化合物4)的合成
将2.3g(15.7mmol)L-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸盐酸盐溶于17mlTHF中,加入77ml 10wt%NaHCO3水溶液,滴加溶有2.90g(15.2mmol)对甲苯磺酰氯的17ml的THF溶液,室温下搅拌19-24小时。反应完毕后加入盐酸调节pH值至1-2,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。取上层溶液,用无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤,旋蒸除去溶剂,得到棕色油状物。用乙酸乙酯和环己烷的混合溶剂重结晶,得到白色晶体(4.3g,产率93.5%)。m.p.66℃(分解)。比旋光度[α]D 24.5=-81.6°(H2O)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.68268-7.66234(d,2H),7.30642-7.26434(m,2H),5.12406-5.10728(m,1H),4.03322-3.99196(m,1H),3.46642-3.40848(m,1H),3.02301-2.99292(m,2H),2.76875-2.73724(m,1H),2.42688(s,3H),2.38062(s,1H).MS(FAB)m/z:301.2.
实施例5 (3R)-4-[(4-甲基苯磺酰基)]-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸-L-亮氨酸乙酯(化合物5,ZL01142744.2)的合成
将4.2g(0.14mol)L-4-对甲苯磺酰-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸、3.0g(0.017mmol)L-亮氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(原料2)、3.2g(0.014mol)DCC和1.7g(0.014mol)DMAP溶于200ml的二氯甲烷中,加入6ml(0.042mol)的三乙胺,室温反应24小时。过滤除去固体,蒸馏除去溶剂,以适量的乙酸乙酯溶解残留物。过滤除去不溶物,加入乙酸乙酯稀释,溶液依次以10%NaHCO3溶液、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥。除去干燥剂,蒸去部分乙酸乙酯,闪色谱柱分离(洗脱剂为DCM:CH3Cl=1:1),得油状物4.0g。比旋光度[α]D 24.5=-110.1°(c 2.00,DCM)。
1H-NMR(400M Hz,CDCl3)δ:7.77237-7.74077(m,2H),7.36382(d,2H,J=7.988Hz),6.74090(d,1H,J=9.244Hz),4.80098-4.77466(m,1H),4.68244-4.58898(m,1H),4.28174-4.15708(m,3H),3.53789-3.28674(m,1H),3.13092(d,1H,J=13.676),2.56954-2.42247(m,5H),2.24620-2.20545(m,1H),1.66352-1.53450(m,3H),1.30702-1.26745(m,3H),0.96159-0.91891(m,6H).MS(EI)m/z:443.4,397.2,369.2,263.1,256.1,155.0,139.2,101.1.
实施例6 (3R)-4-[(4-甲基苯磺酰基)]-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸-D-亮氨酸异丙酯(化合物6,CN102675244)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为D-亮氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐,制得(3R)-4-[(4-甲基苯磺酰基)]-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸-D-亮氨酸异丙酯,产物为白色晶体(产率91.5%)。比旋光度[α]D 24.5=-103.7°。
m.p.81-83℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76237-7.74077(d,2HJ=8.208Hz),7.37382-7.26511(d,2H,J=8.208Hz),6.75090(d,1H,J=8.944Hz),5.40112(m,1H),4.79298-4.25166(m,3H),3.54989-3.53674(t,1H,J=12.31110),3.15292-3.11800(d,1H,J=13.676HZ),2.56054-2.46247(m,4H),2.23220-2.20345(m,1H),1.62552-1.43450(m,4H),1.26202-1.24745(m,6H),0.94659-0.93191(m,6H).MS(EI)m/z:457.3,397.2,369.2,256.2,154.7,101.1.
实施例7 (2S,3R)-乙基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)戊酸酯(化合物7)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为L-异亮氨酸乙酯盐酸酸盐(1.45g),得(2S,3R)-乙基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)戊酸酯,产物为白色固体(产率65%)。
m.p.88-90℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.64Hz),4.79(1H,t,J=2.82Hz),4.58(1H,m),4.20(3H,m),3.66(1H,t,J=2.43Hz),3.34(1H,d,J=13.71Hz),3.13(1H,d,J=11.86Hz),2.56-0.93(14H,m).MS-EI(m/z):443.1669[M+H]+.
实施例8 (2S,3R)-甲基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)戊酸酯(化合物8)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.02g(7mmol)L-异亮氨酸甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.52g,产率71%)。
m.p.92-94℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.64Hz),4.81(1H,t,J=3.14Hz),4.58(1H,m),4.20(1H,m),3.75(3H,m),3.33(1H,t,J=2.60Hz),3.11(1H,d,J=11.82Hz),2.57-0.93(15H,m).MS-EI(m/z):429.1512[M+H]+.
实施例9 (2S,3R)-叔丁基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)戊酸酯(化合物9)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.31g(7mmol)L-异亮氨酸叔丁酯,得到白色固体产物(1.53g,产率65%)。
m.p.80-82℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.40Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.67Hz),4.78(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.47(1H,m),4.25(1H,t,J=5.20Hz),3.44(1H,t,J=12.43Hz),3.13(1H,d,J=13.72Hz),2.60-0.93(24H,m).MS-EI(m/z):471.1982[M+H]+.
实施例10 (S)-甲基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物10)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为0.91g(7mmol)L-缬氨酸甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.26g,产率61%)。
m.p.93-95℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.43Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.43Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.62Hz),4.81(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.58(1H,m),4.20(1H,m),3.75(3H,m),3.33(1H,t,J=2.60Hz),3.11(1H,d,J=11.82Hz),2.60-0.92(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):415.1356[M+H]+.
实施例11 (S)-苯甲基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物11)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.44g(7mmol)L-缬氨酸苯甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.64g,产率67%)。
m.p.85-87℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.43Hz),7.34(4H,m),7.01(1H,d,J=8.62Hz),5.20(2H,dd),4.82(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.56(1H,d,J=12.31Hz),4.19(1H,m),3.34(1H,d,J=12.63Hz),3.14(1H,d,J=13.76Hz),2.56-0.80(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):491.1669[M+H]+.
实施例12 (S)-叔丁基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物12)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.20g(7mmol)L-缬氨酸叔丁酯,得到白色固体产物(1.65g,产率71%)。
m.p.90-92℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.65Hz),4.78(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.44(1H,m),4.25(1H,t,J=5.20Hz),3.36(1H,m),3.17(1H,d,J=13.34Hz),2.59-0.89(22H,m).MS-EI(m/z):457.1825[M+H]+.
实施例13 (S)-乙基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物13)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.01g(7mmol)L-缬氨酸乙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.46g,产率68%)。
m.p.87-89℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.44Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.64Hz),4.80(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.54(1H,m),4.21(3H,m),3.48(1H,t,J=12.31Hz),3.13(1H,d,J=12.52Hz),2.59-0.88(16H,m).MS-EI(m/z):429.1512[M+H]+.
实施例14 (R)-甲基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物14)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为0.91g(7mmol)D-缬氨酸甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.43g,产率69%)。
m.p.90-92℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.37(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.65Hz),4.80(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.59(1H,m),4.24(1H,d,J=12.52Hz),3.75(3H,m),3.44(1H,t,J=12.33Hz),3.15(1H,d,J=13.75Hz),2.59-0.84(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):415.1356[M+H]+.
实施例15 (R)-叔丁基-3-甲基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物15)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.21g(7mmol)D-缬氨酸叔丁酯,得到白色固体产物(1.51g,产率66%)。
m.p.88-90℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.12Hz),7.36(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),6.91(1H,d,J=8.35Hz),4.80(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.48(1H,m),4.23(1H,d,J=12.32Hz),3.50(1H,t,J=11.95Hz),3.13(1H,d,J=13.74Hz),2.59-0.83(22H,m).MS-EI(m/z):457.1825[M+H]+.
实施例16 (S)-甲基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物16)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.25g(7mmol)L-苯丙氨酸甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.55g,产率67%)。
m.p.85-98℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.69(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.30(5H,m),7.15(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),6.86(1H,d,J=8.62Hz),4.80(1H,t,J=3.40Hz),4.10(1H,m),3.75(3H,m),3.29(1H,t),3.07(2H,d),2.65-0.88(8H,m).MS-EI(m/z):463.1356[M+H]+.
实施例17 (S)-乙基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物17)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.35g(7mmol)L-苯丙氨酸乙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.65g,产率69%)。
m.p.91-93℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.69(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.30(5H,m),7.16(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),6.88(1H,d,J=8.63Hz),4.77(2H,m),4.22(2H,m),3.89(1H,m),3.29(1H,m),3.08(2H,m),2.69-0.91(10H,m).MS-EI(m/z):477.1512[M+H]+.
实施例18 (S)-苯甲基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物18)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.79g(7mmol)L-苯丙氨酸苯甲酯,得到白色固体产物(1.70g,产率63%)。
m.p.88-90℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.67(2H,d,J=8.32Hz),7.41(5H,m),7.30(3H,m),7.19(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.06(2H,m),6.87(1H,d,J=8.01Hz),5.21(2H,dd,J=3.60Hz),4.84(1H,m),4.72(1H,t,J=3.10Hz),3.92(1H,m),3.31(1H,d,J=12.15Hz),3.04(2H,d,J=11.66Hz),2.75-0.94(7H,m).MS-EI(m/z):539.1669[M+H]+.
实施例19 (S)-叔丁基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物19)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.55g(7mmol)L-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯,得到白色固体产物(1.72g,产率68%)。
m.p.92-94℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.72(2H,d,J=8.32Hz),7.32(2H,d,J=8.13Hz),7.22(5H,m),6.88(1H,d,J=8.10Hz),4.68(1H,t,J=6.40Hz),3.96(1H,m),3.26(1H,m),3.08(2H,d,J=12.30Hz),2.78(1H,d,J=19.34Hz),2.57-0.94(16H,m).MS-EI(m/z):505.1825[M+H]+.
实施例20 (R)-叔丁基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物20)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.55g(7mmol)D-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯,得到白色固体产物(1.59g,产率63%)。
m.p.88-92℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.70(2H,d,J=8.21Hz),7.33(5H,m),7.25(2H,d,J=8.13Hz),6.97(1H,d,J=8.15Hz),4.79(1H,t,J=6.40Hz),4.11(1H,m),3.38(1H,t,J=12.30Hz),3.10(2H,m),3.07(1H,d,J=19.36Hz),2.57-0.94(16H,m).MS-EI(m/z):505.1825[M+H]+.
实施例21 (R)-乙基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物21)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.35g(7mmol)D-苯丙氨酸乙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.65g,产率69%)。
m.p.86-89℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.69(2H,d,J=8.43Hz),7.33(5H,m),7.27(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.13(1H,d,J=8.31Hz),4.94(1H,m),4.80(1H,m),4.12(2H,m),3.73(2H,d,J=12.33Hz),3.21(1H,t,J=11.96Hz),3.10(3H,m),2.56-0.94(8H,m).MS-EI(m/z):463.1356[M+H]+.
实施例22 (S)-乙基-4-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物22)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.45g(7mmol)L-高苯丙氨酸乙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.64g,产率67%)。
m.p.87-89℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.44Hz),7.33(5H,m),7.25(2H,d,J=8.12Hz),7.16(1H,d,J=8.31Hz),4.85(1H,m),4.62(1H,m),4.19(2H,d,J=19.33Hz),4.02(1H,m),3.43(1H,d),3.11(1H,m),2.55-0.94(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):491.1669[M+H]+.
实施例23 (S)-异丙基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物23)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.45g(7mmol)L-苯丙氨酸异丙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.65g,产率67%)。
m.p.85-87℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.69(2H,d,J=8.46Hz),7.31(5H,m),7.17(2H,d,J=8.46Hz),6.90(1H,d,J=8.34Hz),5.01(1H,t,J=6.40Hz),4.74(1H,m),4.12(1H,m),4.08(1H,m),3.28(1H,t,J=12.3Hz),3.08(2H,d,J=19.33Hz),2.50-0.94(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):491.1669[M+H]+.
实施例24 (R)-异丙基-3-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丙酸酯(化合物24)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.45g(7mmol)D-苯丙氨酸异丙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.60g,产率65%)。
m.p.86-89℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.70(2H,d,J=8.42Hz),7.32(5H,m),7.18(2H,d,J=8.41Hz),6.92(1H,d,J=8.33Hz),5.01(1H,t,J=6.40Hz),4.82(1H,m),4.11(2H,m),3.35(1H,t,J=12.43Hz),3.09(2H,d,J=12.12Hz),2.50-0.92(13H,m).MS-EI(m/z):491.1669[M+H]+.
实施例25 (S)-异丙基-4-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物25)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.55g(7mmol)L-高苯丙氨酸异丙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.67g,产率66%)。
m.p.87-89℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.75(2H,d,J=8.31Hz),7.36(2H,d,J=8.33Hz),7.28(5H,m),7.16(1H,d,J=8.12Hz),5.09(1H,t,J=3.14Hz),4.82(1H,m),4.58(1H,m),4.12(2H,m),3.32(1H,t,J=12.6Hz),3.13(1H,d,J=11.86Hz),2.65-0.93(15H,m).MS-EI(m/z):505.1825[M+H]+.
实施例26 (R)-异丙基-4-苯基-2((R)-4-甲苯磺酰基噻嗪-3-氨甲酰基)丁酸酯(化合物26)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,原料2为1.55g(7mmol)D-高苯丙氨酸异丙酯,得到白色固体产物(1.62g,产率64%)。
m.p.88-90℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.76(2H,d,J=8.33Hz),7.36(2H,d,J=8.33Hz),7.26(5H,m),7.14(1H,d,J=8.12Hz),5.06(1H,t,J=3.14Hz),4.84(1H,m),4.53(1H,m),4.08(2H,m),3.31(1H,t,J=12.6Hz),3.11(1H,d,J=11.84Hz),2.65-0.93(15H,m).MS-EI(m/z):505.1825[M+H]+.
实施例27 L-4-对乙苯磺酰-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸(化合物27)的合成
按实施例4的步骤,将对甲苯磺酰氯换为对3.0g对乙基苯磺酰氯,得4.3g油状物,产率92.5%,比旋光度[α]D 24.5=-80.2°(H2O)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.68354-7.66122(d,2H),7.30423-7.26221(m,2H),5.12202-5.10518(m,1H),4.03122-3.99012(m,1H),3.46436-3.40624(m,1H),3.02103-2.99122(m,2H),2.76654-2.73502(m,1H),2.42466-2.37862(m,4H),1.86453-1.82354(t,3H).MS(FAB)m/z:315.4.
实施例28 (3R)-4-[(4-乙基苯磺酰基)]-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸-L-亮氨酸异丙酯(化合物28)的合成
按实施例5的步骤,D-亮氨酸异丙酯盐酸酸盐与2.45g L-4-对乙苯磺酰-1,4-噻嗪-3-羧酸反应,得到2.08g无色油状物。
1H-NMR(400M Hz,CDCl3)δ:7.7681-7.7474(d,2H),7.3793-7.3589(m,2H),6.7543-6.7326(d,1H),5.0288-4.9980(m,2H),4.7738(m,1H),4.6267-4.6042(m,1H),4.2673-4.2301(m,1H),3.5295-3.5176(m,1H),3.1029(m,1H),2.7532-2.7023(m,2H),2.5487-2.5144(m,2H),2.2188-2.1888(m,1H),1.5826-1.4237(m,1H),1.4047-1.3605(m,1H),1.2821-1.2246(m,8H),0.9178-0.9024(m,6H).MS(FAB)m/z:470.4.
实施例29 化合物神经营养活性评价
本发明化合物的神经营养活性可在多体外生物模型上体现,如鸡胚背根神经节体外无血清培养模型。
实验方法:取孵育8d的鸡胚,无菌环境中,在解剖镜下暴露其脊柱及两侧神经节。用尖镊逐个摘取背根神经节,接种于铺有鼠尾胶原的培养瓶中,每瓶接种5-6个,每剂量2瓶。置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱内贴壁培养1h后,加入含神经生长因子(NGF)(0.15ng/mL)的无血清培养基DMEM及本发明化合物。对照组只加培养基和相同剂量的NGF。培养箱中培养48h后,倒置相差显微镜下观察背根神经节周围突起生长情况,依突起的长短及疏密打分。
评价标准:0:不长突起;1:长稀少突起;2:突起较长或较密;3:突起长且密。
表1所示为各化合物在不同剂量下促鸡胚背根神经节突起生长的分值情况,该分值为5个神经节的平均分值。
表1本发明化合物促鸡胚背根活性评价结果
从上述结果可以看出,本发明化合物的神经营养活性均优于化合物5,并且优于化合物6或与化合物6的活性相当,例如:在1pM和100pM的剂量下,化合物20的神经营养活性与化合物6相比,分别提高了25%和30%。
从化合物结构上看,R1对化合物的神经营养活性的影响显著。例如,化合物6和化合物28的R2和R3分别相同,化合物28的R1为乙基,化合物6的R1为甲基。在1pM和100pM的剂量下,化合物28的神经营养活性比化合物6的神经营养活性分别提高了19%和16%。由此可以看出,随着R1碳原子数的增加,噻嗪酰胺衍生物的神经营养活性得到提高。
另一方面,R2对化合物的神经营养活性也有显著影响。例如,化合物24、25、26与化合物6的R1和R3分别相同,化合物24的R2为苯甲基,化合物25和26的R2为苯乙基,化合物6的R2为异丁基。在1pM和100pM的剂量下,化合物24、25、26与化合物6相比,神经营养活性分别提高了4.8-12.5%和5.1-9.8%。这表明,随着R2的体积和/或疏水性的增加,噻嗪酰胺衍生物的神经营养活性也随之增加
实施例30 化合物对脑卒中的体内药效学评价
1.实验方案
本实施例以昆明种小鼠为实验对象,采用灌胃(i.g.)给药方式,应用小鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎合并低血压(bilateral carotid artery occlusionwith low blood pressure,BCAO-LBP)模型,通过测定小鼠神经功能学评分及脑内丙二醛(MDA)含量,考察化合物预防给药对小鼠不完全性全脑缺血的保护作用。
2.实验方法
2.1药物配制
2.1.1 0.7%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液的配制:临用前一天称取0.7g CMC-Na干粉,加入到100ml蒸馏水中,边适度加热边搅拌,待CMC-Na全部溶解后,放置过夜,使其充分混匀,密封装。
2.1.2灌胃给药途径药物的配制:化合物用0.7%CMC-Na溶液配制成1.5mg/ml溶液。
2.2分组与给药
取已适应实验室环境一周的小鼠28只,按体重均衡分组,分别灌胃给予0.7%CMC-Na或各化合物,1次/d,连续3d。具体组别如下:
假手术组:4只,灌胃给予0.7%CMC-Na溶液;
脑缺血模型组:12只,灌胃给予0.7%CMC-Na溶液;
给药组:12只,分别按0.2ml/10g剂量灌胃给药,则各化合物的剂量为30mg/kg。
2.3小鼠不完全性全脑缺血及大脑MDA含量的测定
2.3.1小鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎:末次给药1h后,将小鼠眼眶放血降压(约为小鼠总血量的30%)后,然后将其仰背位固定于手术板上,颈部正中开口,钝性剥离颈总动脉,每侧备线2根,分别结扎,当第三根线结扎完时开始计时,然后在两根线中间将颈总动脉剪断,缝合切口,假手术组只剥离颈总动脉不结扎。手术结束后迅速松开小鼠,观察并记录6h内小鼠的行为状态(盲法按下表打分)和死亡时间,小鼠死亡后迅速取脑,去除小脑,用硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)法测其大脑全脑的MDA含量,6h还没死亡的小鼠处死取脑。
2.3.2神经功能评分:评分标准见表2
表2神经行为评价表
2.3.3小鼠脑MDA含量测定:
取小鼠大脑,称重,用N.S制成15%脑匀浆,取1.2ml于37℃水浴1h(每10min震荡一次)后取出,加20%三氯乙酸0.6ml,混匀,放置10min,2000rpm离心10min,取上清液1.2ml,加0.67%TBA0.6ml,沸水浴10min,取出冷却,测量532nm波长处的OD值。
3.统计分析
实验数据以表示,应用SPSS13.0统计学软件,通过单因素方差分析Homogeneity of variance test判断方差是否齐性,方差齐性采用LSD检验,方差非齐性采用Dunnett’s T3检验,比较各组间显著性差异,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果如表3所示。
表3化合物在BCAO-LBP小鼠上MDA含量及神经行为得分评价结果
*p<0.05,与假手术组相比,**p<0.01,与假手术组相比;#p<0.05,与脑缺血模型组相比,##p<0.01与脑缺血模型组相比,###p<0.001与脑缺血模型组相比
上述结果表明:本发明的化合物对小鼠不完全性全脑缺血的保护作用优于化合物5和/或化合物6。其中,化合物8、15、23、28组的小鼠神经缺陷分值比化合物6组分别降低了约15%、8%、13%、10%;化合物9、13、18、22组的小鼠神经缺陷分值比化合物5组分别降低了约35%、32%、27%、15%。因此,与现有化合物相比,本发明的化合物对小鼠脑卒中的体内药效有了明显提高。
通过分析化合物的结构可以发现,R1和/或R2的改变会对化合物的上述药效产生影响。分别对比化合物28和化合物6,以及化合物23和化合物6,可以发现:R1碳原子数的增加,或R2的体积和/或疏水性的增加,对提高脑卒中的体内药效是有利的。
实施例31化合物血脑屏障通过评价
1.实验方案
MDCK-MDR1细胞是在MDCK(犬肾上皮细胞)中转染了MDR1基因后,高表达P-gp转运体的单层细胞,由于其单层细胞的致密性以及高表达药物外排蛋白,因此与血脑屏障(BBB)结构有相似性,目前可用作评价BBB通透性的模型之一。本发明应用MDCK-MDR1细胞研究本发明化合物的透膜性,初步评价其透BBB的能力。
2.实验方法
2.1溶液配制
培养液配制:Dulbecco's modified eagle medium(DMEM)用时加入10%胎牛血清(FBS),1%谷氨酰胺,100U·mL-1青霉素和链霉素双抗液,1%非必需氨基酸,遗传霉素(G418)1.2mg·L-1。
消化液配制:称取胰蛋白酶1g,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)80mg,加400mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,-20℃冻存备用。
谷氨酰氨储备液配制:谷氨酰氨2.92g,加100mL PBS,0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,1mL分装,-20℃冻存备用。
青链霉素储备液的配制:青霉素80万U,加入20mL生理盐水,链霉素100万U,加入25mL生理盐水。将两者1:1混匀,0.22μm过滤除菌,1mL分装,-20℃冻存备用。
Hank’s平衡盐溶液(HBSS)配制:NaCl 8.0g,KCl 0.4g,Na2HPO4·H2O 0.0475g,KH2PO40.06g,四羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)6g,加入超纯水中使其溶解,调pH值至7.2-7.4,加水至1L,0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,-20℃保存备用。
2.2细胞培养
取冻存的MDCK-MDR1细胞,于37℃水浴中快速解冻。复苏后的细胞加入含10%FBS的DMEM培养基中,在37℃,5%CO2,相对湿度90%的培养箱中培养,隔天更换培养基。生长1-2天细胞融合后,用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA(0.2%)混合消化液,于37℃条件下消化,按一定比例传代培养,实验用的细胞代数为40-60代。
细胞达到80%融合,消化后用完全培养基将细胞悬浮,按1×106个·mL-1接种到Millicell板上。以后每2天换培养液1次,1周后每1天换液。培育5天,电阻值达到坪台(>200Ω·cm2),即可以用于转运实验。
2.3MDCK-MDR1单层细胞的质控:
2.3.1跨膜上皮细胞电阻(TEER)的测量
先将电极浸入DMEM培养液中平衡24h,取出并浸入70%酒精中消毒15min后,室温放置并使电极自然干燥,再放入无菌的DMEM培养液中平衡15min。实验时将电极两端依次插入24孔Millicell培养板各孔的上下池中检测电阻值,每孔在任意点测三次,记录电阻值,同时测定空白孔的电阻值,根据以下公式计算跨膜电阻值(TEER)。
TEER=(Rt-R0)×S
其中,Rt为实测电阻值;R0为空白孔电阻值;S为有效膜面积。
2.3.2阳性化合物质控:
以罗丹明123(Rho-123)作为阳性质控化合物,将该化合物用HBSS稀释到5μmol·L-1,实验前先吸弃各孔中的培养基,用37℃的HBSS洗涤两次,然后在37℃培养箱孵育,于上池加入Rho-123,下池中加入HBSS,在恒温摇床中孵育,各时间点(0min,30min,90min,120min)收集下池的溶液,-20℃储存备测。用荧光分光光度计检测下池中Rho-123透过的量。其中发射波长设为430nm,激发波长设为530nm。本实验中Rho-123的Papp值与文献报道相符。
2.4药物转运实验
试验前以37℃HBSS浸泡接种有细胞的Millicell合适时间,轻微冲洗Millicell,除去细胞表面的附着物。
腔面到基底面的通透性:在顶侧(AP)加入含药的HBSS 0.35mL,底侧(BL)加入空白HBSS 1.2mL。置37℃,以50r·min-1振摇,并分别于0、30、90、120min于下层采样50μL,并补充同体积空白HBSS。每个浓度重复3个孔,取出的样品精密加入内标溶液50μL,乙酸乙酯350μL,震荡混匀,离心12000rmp,5min。取上清300μL,挥干,用50μL乙腈复溶,取10μL溶液进样测定。
基底面到腔面的通透性:将药物加入底侧(BL),顶侧(AP)加入空白的HBSS,以下步骤同腔面到基底面的通透性试验操作。
药物的表观通透系数(Papp)的大小反映了药物透过单层细胞的能力以及药物吸收的速度、程度。它可由下式计算:
其中,Q为药物在t时间段内透过的量,A为细胞表面积,在本模型中即为支持膜的面积(0.6cm2),C0为初始浓度。Papp的单位用厘米/秒(cm·s-1)表示。
2.5样品检测
应用LC/MS进行检测,每个样品浓度应用其标准曲线(50nM-10000nM)进行定量。
3.实验结果
各化合物的表观通透系数测量结果见表4。
表4化合物的表观通透系数
从表4可以看出,本发明化合物的血脑屏障通过能力均优于化合物5,并优于化合物6或与化合物6相近。其中,化合物7、23、28的Papp值与化合物6相比,提高了7%以上。结果表明,本发明化合物具有优良的血脑屏障通过能力。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述,但本领域技术人员将理解:根据已经公开的所有教导,可以对细节进行各种修改和变动,并且这些改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的全部范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
Claims (9)
1.通式(I)所示的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,
其中,
R1选自C1-4烷基;
R2、R3分别独立地选自C1-4烷基,任选地,所述C1-4烷基被苯基取代;
任选地,所述苯基被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、氨基和羧基的取代基取代。
2.权利要求1的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,
其中,
R1选自C2-3烷基;
优选地,R1为乙基;
优选地,R2、R3分别独立地选自C1-4烷基;
更优选地,R3选自C1-3烷基。
3.权利要求1或2的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,
其中,
R2选自C1-4烷基,并且所述C1-4烷基被苯基取代,任选地,所述苯基被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、氨基和羧基的取代基取代;
优选地,R2为苯甲基或苯乙基;
优选地,R1为甲基;
优选地,R3为甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯甲基。
4.权利要求1的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,
其中,R1为甲基;
R2选自C2-4烷基;
优选地,R2选自C3-4烷基;
更优选地,R2为异丙基或仲丁基;
优选地,R3为甲基、乙基、叔丁基或苯甲基。
5.权利要求1的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,所述化合物选自:
6.一种药物组合物,其含有权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物;
优选地,所述药物组合物还含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
7.权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变;
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
8.一种预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变的方法,其包括给有此需要的受试者施用治疗和/或预防有效量的权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,或权利要求6的药物组合物;
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
9.权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物、其药物上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,其用于预防和/或治疗受试者的神经退行性疾病、物理损伤引起的神经病变或由相关疾病引起的神经病变;
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病选自阿尔兹海默病、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和脑脊髓多发性硬化;
优选地,所述物理损伤选自热损伤、冷损伤、机械损伤和电损伤;
优选地,所述相关疾病选自获得性免疫缺陷、糖尿病和中风;
优选地,所述受试者为哺乳动物,例如牛科动物、马科动物、羊科动物、猪科动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿类动物、灵长类动物;其中,特别优选的受试者为人。
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JP2018524340A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
WO2017000869A1 (zh) | 2017-01-05 |
EP3327010A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
US10335417B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
EP3327010A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
US20180185376A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
JP6849615B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
EP3327010B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
CN106316982B (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
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