CN106313496A - 3D printing method for continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material, and printing head - Google Patents
3D printing method for continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material, and printing head Download PDFInfo
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- CN106313496A CN106313496A CN201610683124.3A CN201610683124A CN106313496A CN 106313496 A CN106313496 A CN 106313496A CN 201610683124 A CN201610683124 A CN 201610683124A CN 106313496 A CN106313496 A CN 106313496A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing method for a continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material, and a printing head. According to the method, fibre bundles and molten thermoplastic resins can be subjected to rotary blending and then subjected to rotary extrusion, and extruded wires are spiral; and the printing head is capable of charging the fibre bundles and the thermoplastic resins in a melting cavity, and spiral tooth rings are arranged at the inner sides of the melting cavity and an extrusion head, and rotate in opposite directions. The heated-molten resins and fibres are stirred by the spiral tooth rings which bidirectionally rotate after being blended, so that the fibres are compactly wound into a spiral column shape from a flat shape, the resins are uniformly distributed in each fibre orientation, and then a blend is extruded to a forming area from an extrusion port and cooled and cured to form a spatial entity. According to the method and the printing head, which are disclosed by the invention, the flat large-tow fibres can be used as reinforcements in a 3D printing process, the compactly-wound fibres have a high compaction degree, the fibres and the matrixes are adequately soaked, and the formed fibres and resins are uniformly distributed; and therefore, the method and the printing head are capable of greatly improving the mechanical property of a member, and improving the forming quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Composites Molding Techniques, especially a kind of utilization and connect fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin
Composite technology forming technique, the 3D Method of printing of a kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites
And printhead.
Background technology
Rapid shaping (Rapid Prototyping) be a kind of integrated application computer-aided design, macromolecular material
The novel manufacturing process in the cutting edge technology such as science, Digital Control field, its main thought is that successively or pointwise is piled up by material
And produce the space geometry entity of a fixed structure.This technology is different from and traditional subtracts manufacture process (unnecessary by blank
Material is removed and is obtained target entity), and improve and become increasing manufacture process, make manufacture process is no longer necessary to mould,
Shorten the Element Design cycle, the 3D solid of arbitrarily complicated structure can be produced, do not limited by process conditions and process equipment
Making, and this technology will not produce excess waste, stock utilization is high.The 3D printing technique that earlier 2000s occurs is a kind of allusion quotation
The rapid shaping technique of type, this technology is consumptive material based on the powder such as metal, plastics, pottery, based on mathematical model file profit
By in-situ solidifying techniques such as fusion sediment, laser sintered, photoetching solidifications, successively lay-up molding goes out the part of labyrinth.This skill
Art has been widely used in the industries such as Aero-Space, automobile, plastic, biologic medical.
Fused glass pellet (FDM) technology relies on its relatively low cost and more excellent realizability, achieves in recent years
The biggest market share, the Table top type FDM three-dimensional printer of the miniaturization particularly occurred so that individual consumer can also be certainly
Row design also produces complexity and has certain part using function.But this technique uses can the thermoplastic resin of heating and melting
Consumptive material is moulding material, and material itself does not have seriality, and in layer, micel spacing is relatively big, and successively laying process characteristic also
Causing poor inter-layer bonding force, it is big that these features result in part fragility, and impact strength is low, yielding, and load-carrying properties are poor.
Although have scholar or enterprise use in the design process of part the mode of structural Topology Optimization to optimize mechanical property, also or
In thermoplastic matrix, add the reinforcements such as granule, chopped strand, eventually can not fundamentally improve the molding of fusion sediment technique institute
The mechanical property of component.Requirement especially for the complex component in aerospace field, lightweight and high intensity is the tightest
Severe, although fusion sediment etc. increase manufacture process can significantly save raw material, reduce the difficulty that part manufactures, but it is made
Product mechanical property is poor is also to limit its main cause in industry developed.
In matrix material, add continuous lod phase, formed two-phase or and above composite, can reach
Higher specific strength, specific modulus, and the part of this material molding have preferable designability, toughness, impact resistance and
Fatigue performance.In aerospace field, in order to reach light-weighted design requirement, the most large range of have employed composite wood
Material, but its forming process suffers from the restriction of die shape, it is difficult to mold complex contour structures.For continuous fiber
The thermoplastic composite molding strengthened, has the thermoplastic composite 3D of scholar and enterprise development continuous lod to print
Method and apparatus.Mark Forged company of the U.S. develops the continuous fiber 3D printer [WO of Mark series
2014197732], in its print procedure, fiber separates lay, fiber-resin interface, interface layer associativity with thermoplastic matrix
Can be poor, although having preferable mechanical property along machine direction, but the combination property in remaining all directions can not reach higher
Standard；A kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material of the colleges and universities such as Nihon University, Tokyo Institute of Technology scholar's joint research and developments
3D Method of printing, its fibre resin blend method is more simple, and fiber is not fully blended with resin and is i.e. directly squeezed by extruder head
Going out, due to the most advanced and sophisticated squeezing action to mixture of extruder head, in the track after molding, fiber is distributed in resin surface, and fiber
Volume content is less.Xi'an Communications University Tian little Yong et al. have developed continuous fiber and strengthens composite printhead
[CN201410325650.3] and multistage wire feed printhead [CN201510633569.6], the former print head design method is more
Uniqueness, is provided with hollow screw inside printhead, fiber is passed through by hollow channel, and screw rod drives molten resin descending tailing edge fiber week
Wrapping to by fiber, resin has in final traces and is distributed the most uniformly, but its fibrous inside tow not with mixed with resin,
In entity, form dry fibers space after molding, affect the mechanical property of component；Described multistage wire feed print head structure is more
Complexity, the mixing of multiple material makes its shaped component have preferable toughness, but its fibre bundle is in every grade of melt chamber and matrix
The most simply contact mixing, owing to the viscosity of molten resin is bigger, it is difficult to make it fully infiltrate the fibre bundle of all directions, meanwhile,
When fiber moves in multi-stage pipeline, due to friction, extruding force is skewness in pipeline, causes the local of fibre bundle to divide
Fork, ruptures and blocks extrusion pipeline, finally make fibrous fracture affect forming process, and secondly, different high performance resins has
Different fusing points, wherein polylactic acid and nearly 200 DEG C of the melting point difference of polyether-ether-ketone, the heat transfer effect of neighboring chambers also can affect base
The normal condition of body material.Also have some both at home and abroad about continuous fiber reinforced composites 3D Method of printing or to set
Standby relevant report, its principle is similar with above-mentioned report.
In sum, the 3D Method of printing of existing continuous fiber reinforced composites there is problems in that
1) each fibrid is when dispatching from the factory, and its surface active groups is the most only adapted to the impregnation process with thermosetting resin.Using
When untreated fiber is blended by simple measure with molten thermoplastic resin, it is difficult to making fiber fully infiltrate with resin, this leads
The fiber-resin interface causing component is poor.
2) big bunch fiber is in flattening banding, and existing 3D Method of printing is difficult with big bunch fiber, and little bunch fiber
In forming process, shaping speed is slow, the surface quality after molding, fibre resin volume fraction, fibre resin distribution situation, layer
Between the performance indications such as adhesion be difficult to control to.
3) existing method is in print procedure, due to Local Bifurcation, the fracture of fiber, easily causes fiber in cavity
Piling up, block, impact forming process, meanwhile, in final traces, fiber is distribution loose, irregular so that
The load-carrying properties of component are affected.
Summary of the invention
The connection used when it is an object of the invention to for existing thermoplastic resin based composite material 3D printing-forming
Fiber size is less, and can not to connect fiber realize effectively dipping and cause that shaping speed is low, scantling limited relatively big, become
The problem that type part combination property is low, invention one is applicable to larger-size fibre bundle, and shaping speed is fast, and surface quality carries
Height, the interfacial combined function between fiber and thermoplastic matrix is good simultaneously, and component fiber content is high, and fiber solidity is high, prints structure
The 3D Method of printing of the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites that the mechanical property of part improves, provides a kind of phase simultaneously
The printhead answered.
One of technical scheme is:
A kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites rotates and 3D Method of printing is blended, it is characterised in that: through pre-
The fibre bundle processed can rotate in the melt chamber rotated with extruder head with the thermoplastic resin of molten condition, heat and be blended,
Fiber is tightly wrapped into spiral pencil and by the pull strength of cured extruded material from extruder head by revolving force effect and resin are closely knit
Extrusion.Spiral pencil extruded material can print by any direction along three dimensions above print platform；Extruded material can with
The parallel plane of print platform successively piles up molding, it is possible to the direction angled with print platform parallel plane is the most rapid-result
Type.Spiral pencil extruded material, when with lower layer of material melting and solidification, applies pressure compaction and squeezes between extruder head and print platform
Going out material, pressure size is between 1N to 1000N.Fibre bundle through pretreatment is passed through printhead with thermoplastic resin simultaneously,
Printhead is divided into three parts, is affixed to the threeway feeding chamber of printing head support part respectively, the melt chamber that can rotate around axis, with
And the extruder head that can rotate around axis equally；Wherein melt chamber and extruder head rotate in the opposite direction；If it is fine in printhead
Dimension the most simply contacts infiltration with molten resin, owing to the viscosity of molten resin is relatively big, and poor fluidity, it is dried fibre bundle and is difficult to and tree
Fat fully infiltrates, and this is by poor for the interface binding power causing component；Therefore it is equipped with spiral ring gear, fiber in melt chamber and extruder head
Bundle and the spiral ring gear that reversely rotated by two-stage of molten thermoplastic resin stir, fibre bundle radially everywhere all with set
Fat contacts, and mix homogeneously after stirring；The fiber flattened starts to tightly wrap along axis after the first order stirs, it is suppressed that bifurcated
And fracture, after the reverse rotation effect of the second level, fiber tightly wrap aggravation, form spiral helicine tight cylindrical beam, and resin
After extruding to a certain extent, it is uniformly distributed in each fibre orientation；Mixture fiber content now is high, and fiber bifurcated ruptures
It is inhibited, and resin infiltration is fully；Moved the motive force of the generation of descending molten resin by helical tooth annulus and extruded
Drag force after resin solidification, mixture is dragged out extruder head to forming area, if at extruder head peripheral main line Fast Cooling gas
It is solidified into fibre-reinforced composite entity under the effect of stream.Printhead is carried according to pre-set rail by digital control system
Mark moves, and is formed and has and necessarily use function, the composite element of higher force performance.
Described melt chamber and the rotary speed of extruding pipe are come really according to the print speed of material and the tow size of fiber
Fixed；The rotating speed of melt chamber is preferably 0 ~ 60r/min, and strand diameters is the biggest, and speed setting value is the highest, when the tow of fiber is less
Its stall can be made；Considering the closely knit degree that tightly wraps of material, the reverse speed of extruder head preferably 0 ~ 80r/min, rotating speed is the highest, fiber
Be wound around the tightest, but two-stage rotate cavity positive and negative rotating speed sum cannot be greater than 100r/min, with prevent fiber be wound around tension and
Cause local fracture.
Described thermoplastic resin can be polypropylene, polyethylene, polrvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-
Styrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyformaldehyde, polyamide, Merlon, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones, politef, poly-to benzene
Two esters of gallic acid, polyphenylene thioether, Polyetherimide, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, the single consumptive material such as PEKK, it is also possible to be many
Planting the combination of thermoplasticity consumptive material, consumptive material can be granule or wire rod；Described continuous fiber tow can be aluminium oxide, carbonization
Silicon, the ceramic fibre such as silicon nitride, it is also possible to be PPTA, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol contracting first
Aldehyde, polypropylene, the polymer fiber such as polyester, it is also possible to be carbon fiber, graphite fibre, glass fibre, boron fibre, tinsel etc. is single
One fiber, it is also possible to be the combination of above-mentioned multiple continuous fiber.
Owing to fiber is different with the kind of matrix, fiber surface characteristic is inadaptable to be blended with the infiltration of melted matrix, causes structure
The interface binding power of part is poor, so needing for thermoplastic matrix, fiber to carry out pretreatment in advance, and described fiber pre-
Processing method includes coupling agent treatment, and gaseous oxidation processes, and liquid phase oxidation processes, and anode electrolysis oxygen ring processes, at surface-coated
Reason, plasma treatment, the fiber surface-processing method such as surface etching treatment, according to different fiber surface characteristics and thermoplastic matrix
Body, selects different processing methods.
The two of technical scheme are:
A kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites shapes with rotating blended 3D printhead, it is characterised in that: it
Including threeway feeding chamber 1, melt chamber 20 and extruder head 24, this threeway feeding chamber 1 is fixed on upper end support by fixing ear 26,
Oblique thermoplasticity consumptive material 15 charging line and the drawing-inroller 3 of being provided with in the both sides in threeway feeding chamber 1, the center in threeway feeding chamber 1 is longitudinally
It is provided with fibre bundle 13 charging line；Threeway feeding chamber 1 hollow slip ring 17 and the first sealing bearing 5 are connected with melt chamber 20,
The outer wall of melt chamber 20 is nested with tubulose heating mantle 7, and the electrode of tubular heating pipes is electrically connected with the pin of hollow slip ring 17；?
Be mounted on temperature sensor outside threeway feeding chamber 1 and melt chamber 20, the wire of the temperature sensor outside melt chamber 20 with
The pin electrical connection of hollow slip ring 17；Melt chamber 20 inwall is provided with spiral helicine first ring gear 19 in order to blended under agitation body,
Outer wall top is provided with the first fluted disc 6, and the first fluted disc 6 engages with the first little gear 18 driven by the first motor 16 thus drives molten
Melt chamber 20 around printhead middle shaft rotation；Extruder head 24 seals bearing 21 with melt chamber 20 with second and is connected, and is provided with second outside it
Fluted disc 23, the second fluted disc 23 engages with the two pinion 23 driven by the second motor 9 thus drives extruder head 24 around printhead
Middle shaft rotation, the direction of rotation of extruder head 24 is contrary with the direction of rotation of melt chamber 20；Extruder head 24 inwall retracted downward, and set
There is spiral helicine second ring gear 11；Some Fast Cooling airflow ducts being fixed on end support it are provided with outside extruder head 24 tip
25 so that being blended bundle 28 fast setting from the composite of extruder head extrusion.
The temperature sensor installed on described threeway feeding chamber and melt chamber is respectively used to measure top, threeway feeding chamber 1
With the temperature in the middle part of melt chamber 20；Melt temperature T according to different resins matrix0, control heating mantle 7 temperature-rise period and make to melt
Temperature in the middle part of chamber 20 is compared to T0High 5～20 DEG C；Make the temperature on top, feeding chamber 1 compared to T simultaneously0Low more than 10 DEG C.
Described threeway feeding chamber 1, melt chamber 20, extruder head 24 use highly heat-conductive material to make, feeding at side surface passage and
Central longitudinal channel is equipped with politef or lining pipe that ceramic low Heat Conduction Material is made, wherein center longitudinal direction feed pipe
Sleeve pipe in road can be changed according to the size of continuous tow.
Described hollow slip ring 17 shell uses high-temperature insulation material to make, and interior contact circuit also has heat-resisting quantity
Energy.
The first described sealing bearing 5 and the second sealing bearing 21 are all made of a highly heat conductive material.
The first described little tooth 6 and two pinion 23 are made by low Heat Conduction Material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention uses two-stage to rotate cavity and is stirred the mixture of fiber and resin and is wound around, it is adaptable to large-size
Fibre bundle, optimizes the adaptability of printhead state original to fiber, under identical print speed, improves printing effect
Rate, improves the surface quality of component；Under the effect of blended under agitation, fiber is abundant with the infiltration of interlaminar resin, the fibre in mixture
Dimension is wound around shape in closing twist, improves the bearing capacity of reinforcement, and resin is evenly distributed the most everywhere, improves component
Interlayer and interfacial combined function, improve the mechanical property of print component；The turning effort of extruder head can make mixture squeeze
After going out, fiber is evenly distributed with resin, and fiber volume fraction is high.To sum up, can to realize higher force performance the most fine for the present invention
Dimension strengthens the 3D of thermoplastic matrix composite element and prints, and shaping efficiency is high, and surface quality is good, is applicable to want performance
Seek the forming process of higher Aero-Space complex component.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall isometric view that the present invention rotates blended printhead.
Fig. 2 is the overall section detailed view that the present invention rotates blended printhead.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one.
As shown in Figure 1-2.
The 3D Method of printing of a kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites, first, enters connecting fibre bundle
Row pretreatment connects the adhesion of fibre bundle and resin matrix with enhancing, secondly, by the continuous tow through pretreatment with hot
Plastic resin is passed through simultaneously and rotates in the melt chamber that 3D printhead is blended；3rd, make melt chamber around its middle shaft rotation, extruder head is even
Being connected to melt chamber also can be around middle shaft rotation, and the direction of rotation of control extruder head is contrary with the placement direction of melt chamber；4th, molten
Melt chamber and be respectively provided with, inside extruder head, the helical tooth that stirring ring gear, fibre bundle and molten thermoplastic resin are reversely rotated by two-stage
Homogeneous blend under ring stirring action, and mixture is the most closely knit tightly wraps into cylinder tow, resin is uniform along each fibre orientation
Distribution；Finally, extruder head extruded material to forming area and is solidified into fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material component.Described is molten
The rotating speed melting chamber and extruding pipe determines according to the print speed of material and the tow size of fiber；The rotating speed of melt chamber is preferably
0～60r/min, can be so that its stall when the tow of fiber is less；Consider the closely knit degree that tightly wraps of material, extruder head preferably anti-
To rotating speed 0～80r/min；, the absolute value sum of the rotating speed of extruder head and melt chamber preferably should control 10～100 revs/min it
Between, the setting of described rotating speed will not make fibrous fracture.Described thermoplastic resin can be polypropylene, polyethylene, polrvinyl chloride,
Polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate, polyformaldehyde, polyamide, Merlon, polyphenylene oxide,
Polysulfones, politef, poly-terephthalic acids esters, polyphenylene thioether, Polyetherimide, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, PEKK
In the combination of one or two or more kinds, they are granule or wire rod shape；Described continuous tow is ceramic fibre, polymerization
The assembly of one or more in fibres or Single Fiber, described ceramic fibre is aluminium oxide, carborundum, or silicon nitride；
Described polymer fiber is PPTA, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl formal, polypropylene
Or polyester, described Single Fiber is carbon fiber, graphite fibre, glass fibre, boron fibre or tinsel.Described continuous fiber
The preprocess method of bundle includes coupling agent treatment, and gaseous oxidation processes, and liquid phase oxidation processes, and anode electrolysis oxygen ring processes, surface
Coating processing, plasma treatment, the fiber surface-processing method such as surface etching treatment, according to different fiber surface characteristics and warm
Plastic substrate, selects different processing methods；The purpose processed is the adhesion of reinforcing fiber and resin matrix.
Details are as follows:
First, with thermoplastic resin, the connection fibre bundle through pretreatment being passed through printhead simultaneously, printhead is divided into three parts,
It is affixed to the threeway feeding chamber of printing head support part respectively, the melt chamber that can rotate around axis, and equally can be around axis
The extruder head rotated；Wherein melt chamber and extruder head rotate in the opposite direction；If fiber is the simplest with molten resin in printhead
Single contact infiltration, owing to the viscosity of molten resin is relatively big, poor fluidity, it is dried fibre bundle and is difficult to fully infiltrate with resin, this will
The interface binding power causing component is poor；Therefore it is equipped with spiral ring gear, fibre bundle and molten thermoplastic in melt chamber and extruder head
The spiral ring gear that resin is reversely rotated by two-stage stirs, and fibre bundle radially everywhere all contacts with resin, and stirring
Rear mix homogeneously；The fiber flattened starts to tightly wrap along axis after the first order stirs, it is suppressed that bifurcated and fracture, Jing Guo
After two grades of reverse rotation effects, fiber tightly wrap aggravation, form spiral helicine tight cylindrical beam, and resin squeezed to a certain extent
After going out, it is uniformly distributed in each fibre orientation；Mixture fiber content now is high, and the fracture of fiber bifurcated is inhibited, and tree
Fat infiltration is fully；Moved by helical tooth annulus the generation of descending molten resin motive force and extrusion resin solidification after drag
Drag, mixture is dragged out extruder head to forming area, if solidifying under the effect of extruder head peripheral main line Fast Cooling air-flow
Become fibre-reinforced composite entity.Printhead is carried according to pre-set orbiting motion, formation tool by digital control system
Have and necessarily use function, the composite element of higher force performance.
With reference to Fig. 1, continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites rotates and 3D Method of printing is blended by can be around self
The printhead that axis rotates realizes, and fiber and resin are passed through printhead, printhead local heating ablation heat plastic resin, fiber
After being stirred in two-stage is with the rotating drum of spiral tooth row with resin, continuous homogeneous blend, tightly wraps, subsequently by extruder head point
End extrusion, to forming area, forms entity after entering supercooling.
With reference to Fig. 1, rotating and 3D printhead is blended by fixed feeding chamber 1 and two-stage by motor 9,16 drive, by phase
Melt chamber 20 and extruder head 24 that opposite direction rotates form, and the rotating speed of melt chamber 24 is preferably 0 ~ 60r/min, and strand diameters is more
Greatly, speed setting value is the highest, can be so that its stall when the tow of fiber 13 is less；Consider the closely knit degree that tightly wraps of material, extrusion
The reverse speed preferably 0 ~ 80r/min of 24, rotating speed is the highest, and fiber 13 is wound around the tightest, but two-stage rotates the rotating of cavity
Speed sum cannot be greater than 100r/min, causes local fracture to prevent fiber 13 to be wound around tension.
With reference to Fig. 2, being respectively provided with spiral ring gear 19,11 in melt chamber 20 and extruder head 24, tooth row is to fiber 13 resin
While 15 mixture stirrings, pushed down on, promote mixture descending.
With reference to Fig. 2, feeding chamber 1 is provided with three paths, and vertically upper channel is fiber feeding channel, different tow chis
The lining 2 of the replaceable different size of very little fibre bundle, fiber 13 is vertically passed through melt chamber, does not bends, and friction waits or to fine
The phenomenon of dimension bifurcated fracture；Feeding chamber 1 end is provided with the feeding channel of thermoplasticity consumptive material, and is provided with lining 4, and this lining can ensure
Resin is lowered the temperature rapidly on feeding path, keeps feeding seriality, and passage is externally provided with the two pair running rollers 3 symmetrical along axis, by
Motor drives thermoplastic resin 15 to enter printhead, and the feeding rotating speed of running roller 3 determines according to print speed；Feeding chamber is higher than resin
Matrix feeding port top is provided with temperature sensor 14, the temperature on monitoring top, feeding chamber 1, prevents its temperature too high, make resin from
Upper end is overflowed.
With reference to Fig. 2, between feeding chamber 1 and melt chamber 20, it is provided with slip ring 17 and the bearing 5 of hollow, slip ring 17 is provided with multiple touching
Point, lower end connects the positive and negative electrode of heating mantle 7, temperature sensor 8 signal electrode, and electrode 27, by slip ring 17, leads to fixing
Behind feeding chamber 1, connect upper print electromechanics road；Bearing 5 inner ring has sealing function, prevents molten resin from overflowing from cavity,
Bearing 5 is fixed between two-stage cavity with fixing back-up ring, also functions to connect the effect of two-stage cavity simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 1, the ring gear 6 that melt chamber top outer rim is conformed with, the motor 16 being fixed on upper bracket drives always
The less gear 18 in footpath rotates, and gear 18 engages each other with ring gear 6, drives melt chamber 20 entirety to rotate relative to feeding chamber 1.
With reference to Fig. 2, melt chamber 20 is internal is provided with the stirring ring gear 19 to screw drives, and tooth gauge lattice are according to the material of institute's molding
Specification determines scope, typically contacts continuous fiber outer layer fiber with crown termination and is advisable；The form of fracture of helical tooth can be three
Dihedral, rectangle, trapezoidal, zigzag, semicircle；Spiral ring gear primarily serve the purpose of stirring fiber and molten resin be blended, its tooth
Cross-sectional area relatively big, helical angle is less, and the setting of pitch is advisable less than feeding speed driving downstream rate.
With reference to Fig. 2, extruder head 24 outline is coniform, and is also suitable bearing 21 and is connected with melt chamber 20, extruder head 24
Can be independently rotated relative to melt chamber 20, and the direction of rotation set generally and melt chamber 20 is compared to the direction of rotation of fixing end
On the contrary；
With reference to Fig. 1, the ring gear 23 that extruder head top outer rim is conformed with, the motor 9 being fixed on upper bracket drives a diameter relatively
Little gear 10 rotates, and gear 10 engages each other with ring gear 23, drives extruder head 24 entirety to rotate relative to melt chamber 20；
With reference to Fig. 2, extruder head 24 is internal is conformed with zigzag ring gear 11, and ring gear 11 is in along extrusion direction overshooting shape, its projection
Height is advisable to be in close contact fiber；The Main Function of ring gear 11 is can to make fiber by tightly compacted fiber 13 during rotating
Become the state of compact winding from state loosely, the mixture of the further agitating resin fiber of ring gear 11, makes to melt simultaneously
Resin the most fully infiltrates with fiber；The tip that ring gear 11 contacts with fiber 13 is arc transition, prevents fiber in rotation
During cut-off；
With reference to Fig. 1, extruder head 24 periphery is provided with some Fast Cooling airflow ducts 25 being fixed on printhead upper bracket, its gas
Stream is directly communicated to the fibre resin mixture of extrusion so that it is cool down rapidly；Outside the cooling gas of Fast Cooling air-flow is by printer
The attached air pump enclosed produces.
Embodiment two.
As shown in Figure 1-2.
A kind of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites shapes with rotating blended 3D printhead, and it includes threeway
Feeding chamber 1, melt chamber 20 and extruder head 24, this threeway feeding chamber 1 is fixed on end support, two skew backs in threeway feeding chamber 1
To being provided with thermoplasticity consumptive material 15 charging line and drawing-inroller 3, the center in threeway feeding chamber 1 is longitudinally provided with fibre bundle 13 feed pipe
Road；Threeway feeding chamber 1 hollow slip ring 17 and the first sealing bearing 5 are connected with melt chamber 20, and the outer wall of melt chamber 20 is nested with
Tubulose heating mantle 7, the electrode of tubular heating pipes is electrically connected with the pin of hollow slip ring 17；In threeway feeding chamber 1 and melt chamber
The pin of temperature sensor 14,8, the wire of the temperature sensor outside melt chamber 20 and hollow slip ring 17 it is mounted on outside 20
Electrical connection；Melt chamber 20 inwall is provided with spiral helicine first ring gear 19 in order to blended under agitation body, and outer wall top is provided with first
Fluted disc 6, the first fluted disc 6 engages with the first little gear 18 driven by the first motor 16 thus drives melt chamber 20 in printhead
Axle rotates；Extruder head 24 seals bearing 21 with melt chamber 20 with second and is connected, and is provided with the second fluted disc 23, the second fluted disc 23 outside it
Engage with the two pinion 23 driven by the second motor 9 thus drive extruder head 24 around printhead middle shaft rotation, extruder head 24
Direction of rotation contrary with the direction of rotation of melt chamber 20；Extruder head 24 inwall retracted downward, and it is provided with spiral helicine second tooth
Ring 11；Some Fast Cooling airflow ducts 25 being fixed on end support it are provided with so that squeezing from extruder head outside extruder head 24 tip
The composite gone out is blended bundle 28 fast setting.The temperature sensor 14,8 installed on threeway feeding chamber and melt chamber is respectively used to
Measure the temperature in the middle part of threeway feeding top, chamber 1 and melt chamber 20；Melt temperature T according to different resins matrix0, control heating
Overlapping 7 temperature-rise periods makes the temperature in the middle part of melt chamber 20 compared to T0High 5～20 DEG C；Make the temperature on top, feeding chamber 1 simultaneously
Compared to T0Low more than 10 DEG C.When being embodied as, threeway feeding chamber 1, melt chamber 20, extruder head 24 should use highly heat-conductive material system
Become, feeding at side surface passage and central longitudinal channel be equipped with politef or lining pipe 4 that ceramic low Heat Conduction Material is made,
2, wherein the sleeve pipe 2 in center longitudinal direction charging line can be changed according to the size of continuous tow.The shell of hollow slip ring 17 should
Employing high-temperature insulation material is made, and interior contact circuit also has resistance to elevated temperatures.First seals bearing 5 and the second seal shaft
Holding 21 to be the most all made of a highly heat conductive material, the first little tooth 6 and two pinion 23 are made by low Heat Conduction Material.
The using method of the printhead of the present invention is:
1) printhead is arranged on the numerical control device main tapping with Three Degree Of Freedom and above degree of freedom control dimension thereof, adjusts
Include well each cooling fan, the relative position of cooling airflow duct 25 parts such as grade.
2) according to the continuous tow used, the size Selection of thermoplasticity consumptive material and install each feeding in tee-joint sleeve 1
The cooling bushing 4,2 of passage；It is sequentially sent in continuous tow 13 and both sides thermoplastic matrix consumptive material 15 to printhead, it is ensured that Gu
State consumptive material with contact between dry fibers but without interaction force；Heating-up temperature value is set according to consumptive material melting characteristic, makes heating muff
Start to warm up heating；Each several part is lowered the temperature by cooling starting fan；
3) after temperature reaches preset temperature, resin matrix is melted into viscous state, and the driving motor starting rotation melt chamber 20 makes
Melt chamber 20 starts to rotate, and inner molten resin is started the cycle over motion by the stirring action of spiral ring gear 19, drives exhibition simultaneously
Flat tow is along axis spiral winding.
4), after input 3D prints the numerical control code of part geometry body, the driving motor starting rotary extrusion pipe makes extruding pipe open
Beginning to reversely rotate relative to melt chamber 20, the internal fibre resin mixture being tentatively blended becomes closely knit infiltration after being squeezed
Helical form tow, and by extrusion extrude to molding panel；Starting cooling air-flow, extruded material is just sprayed by cooling air-flow,
Material is made to cool and solidify into rapidly entity track.
5) control system is according to being specifically applicable to the Track fusion printhead of continuous fiber rapid shaping, finally can become
The continuous fiber reinforced composite materials with higher force performance is molded on profile plate.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is the most same as the prior art maybe can use prior art to be realized.
Claims (10)
1. a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites rotates and 3D Method of printing is blended, it is characterised in that: pass through
The fibre bundle of pretreatment and the thermoplastic resin of molten condition rotate in the melt chamber rotated with extruder head, heat and are blended,
Fiber is tightly wrapped into spiral pencil and by the pull strength of cured extruded material from extruder head by revolving force effect and resin are closely knit
Extrusion.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: spiral pencil extruded material can be along above print platform three
Any direction in dimension space prints；Extruded material can successively pile up molding in the plane parallel with print platform, it is possible to beat
The direction rapid shaping that print platform parallel plane is angled.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: spiral pencil extruded material is melting with lower layer of material
During solidification, applying pressure compaction extruded material between extruder head and print platform, pressure size is between 1N to 1000N.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described thermoplastic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene, poly-
Vinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate, polyformaldehyde, polyamide, Merlon,
Polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones, politef, poly-terephthalic acids esters, polyphenylene thioether, Polyetherimide, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone,
The combination appointing one or more in PEKK, thermoplastic resin is in granular form or wire rod shape；Described continuous fiber tow
Can be the ceramic fibres such as aluminium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride, it is also possible to be PPTA, polyamide, poly-third
Alkene nitrile, polyvinyl formal, polypropylene, the polymer fiber such as polyester, it is also possible to be carbon fiber, graphite fibre, glass fibre,
Boron fibre, the Single Fiber of tinsel etc or the combination of multiple continuous fiber.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preprocess method of described fiber includes at coupling agent
Reason, gaseous oxidation processes, and liquid phase oxidation processes, and anode electrolysis oxygen ring processes, and surface-coated processes, plasma treatment, and surface is carved
The fiber surface-processing methods such as erosion process, according to different fiber surface characteristics and thermoplastic matrix, select different process sides
Method；The purpose processed is the adhesion of reinforcing fiber and resin matrix.
6. a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites rotates and 3D printhead is blended, it is characterised in that: extruder head
Being connected to melt chamber also can be around middle shaft rotation, and direction of rotation is contrary with melt chamber；Stirring is all had inside melt chamber and extruder head
Homogeneous blend under the spiral ring gear stirring action that ring gear, fibre bundle and molten thermoplastic resin are reversely rotated by two-stage, and altogether
Mixed body is the most closely knit tightly wraps into cylinder tow, and resin is uniformly distributed along fibre orientation；Extruder head extruded material is to shaping area
Territory is also solidified into fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material.
Printhead the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: end support is fixed in threeway feeding chamber (1), and they are two years old
Skew back, to being provided with thermoplasticity consumptive material (15) charging line and drawing-inroller (3), is longitudinally provided with fibre bundle (13) charging line；Threeway
Feeding chamber (1) hollow slip ring (17) and sealing bearing (5) are connected with melt chamber (20), and special tubulose heating mantle (7) is nested
In melt chamber (20) outer wall, its electrode is connected with the pin of hollow slip ring (17)；Feeding chamber (1) and melt chamber (20) outside are all pacified
Equipped with temperature sensor (14,8), the wire of the temperature sensor outside melt chamber is connected with slip ring (17) pin；Melt chamber
(20) inwall is provided with the spiral helicine ring gear (19) in order to blended under agitation body, and outer wall top is provided with fluted disc (6), can be by motor (16)
Drive around printhead middle shaft rotation；Extruder head (24) is connected with sealing bearing (21) with melt chamber (20), is provided with fluted disc outside it
(23), can be driven around printhead middle shaft rotation by another motor (9), direction is contrary with melt chamber (20) direction of rotation；Extruder head
(24) inwall retracted downward, and it is provided with spiral helicine ring gear (11)；Some Fast Cooling air-flows are had outside extruder head (24) tip
Conduit (25) is fixed on end support.
Printhead the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described melt chamber and the rotating speed of extruding pipe are according to material
Print speed and the tow size of fiber determine；The rotating speed of melt chamber is preferably 0 ~ 60r/min, when the tow of fiber is less
Time can make its stall；Consider the closely knit degree that tightly wraps of material, the reverse speed of extruder head preferably 0 ~ 80r/min；Above-mentioned rotating speed sets
Put and will not make fibrous fracture.
9., according to the printhead described in claim 6, described temperature sensor (14) and temperature sensor (8) are measured respectively
(1) top, threeway feeding chamber and the temperature at melt chamber (20) middle part；According to melt temperature T0 of different resins matrix, control heating
Set (7) temperature-rise period makes the temperature in the middle part of melt chamber (20) high compared to T0 5 ~ 20 DEG C；Make feeding chamber (1) top simultaneously
Temperature is low compared to T0 more than 10 DEG C.
10. according to the printhead described in claim 6, it is characterised in that described threeway feeding chamber, melt chamber, extruder head are adopted
Make with highly heat-conductive material, feeding channel is equipped with the lining pipe that the low Heat Conduction Material such as politef or pottery is made, its
Sleeve pipe in middle fiber charging line can be changed according to the size of fibre bundle；Slip ring shell uses high-temperature insulation material system
Becoming, interior contact circuit also has resistance to elevated temperatures；Bearing and bearing are highly heat-conductive material and make；Motor and motor-driven
Rotating gear is that low Heat Conduction Material is made.
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