CN115958785B - 3D printing device and method for variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents
3D printing device and method for variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115958785B CN115958785B CN202310021500.2A CN202310021500A CN115958785B CN 115958785 B CN115958785 B CN 115958785B CN 202310021500 A CN202310021500 A CN 202310021500A CN 115958785 B CN115958785 B CN 115958785B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing device and a method for a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material.A sliding block fixing seat and two motors are respectively and fixedly connected above the fixing seat, and the two motors respectively drive a rotary pinion, a rotary bull gear and a width adjusting pinion to be meshed; the upper part of the upper block is connected with the slide block fixing seat through a bearing; the outer side of the upper block is fixedly connected with a rotary large gear; the lower part of the upper block is fixedly connected with a throat, an inner ring, a gasket and an end cover in sequence, the gasket and the end cover are provided with straight grooves, and a first sliding block and a second sliding block are arranged; the outer side of the inner ring is connected with an outer ring through a bearing, and the outer ring is fixedly connected with a width adjusting large gear; the outer ring is fixedly connected with a spiral cover; two spiral grooves which are symmetrical in center are formed below the spiral cover and are used for being embedded into the first sliding block and the second sliding block; a passage is arranged in the inner part; the inner ring is also provided with a fiber conduit; the heating rod is embedded in the inner ring. The invention can realize variable fiber volume fraction, and the variable nozzle can improve the printing flexibility and adapt to more printing paths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a 3D printing device and method for a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing.
Background
The 3D printing is integrated with computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, and is a manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking special metal materials, nonmetal materials and medical biological materials layer by layer through a software and numerical control system based on digital model files in the modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photo-curing, spraying and the like. Compared with the traditional machining mode, the 3D printing technology greatly reduces the machining procedures, shortens the machining period, and can realize personalized machining according to actual requirements, but the mechanical properties of the pure thermoplastic resin 3D printed part are inferior to those of the traditional machining mode, and the requirements of the parts in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like cannot be met. Fused deposition modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM), which is one of 3D printing techniques, is a method of fusion modeling various hot-melt filamentary materials by heating.
The continuous fiber reinforced composite material has the characteristics of high strength, strong designability, high modulus, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical treatment, transportation and the like. The traditional method for preparing the continuous fiber reinforced composite material comprises noisy forming, injection forming, vacuum compression molding and the like, and the method has the advantages of mature technology, wider practicability and the like, but has complex process, higher cost and can not directly manufacture parts with complex shape and configuration.
In order to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts, research institutions at home and abroad use continuous fibers to reinforce thermoplastic resins. The combination of the 3D printing technology and the continuous fiber reinforced composite material can not only exert the flexibility of 3D printing manufacture, but also remarkably improve the mechanical property of the printed parts. The existing FDM printheads printing continuous fiber reinforced composites use fixed size print heads. When printing of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material in different paths is completed, the printed part can generate partial area printing material vacancies due to the fixed volume fraction of the continuous fibers. Thus, existing continuous fiber reinforced composite FDM processes have limited mechanical performance improvements for 3D printed parts.
CN107584764a provides a controllable continuous fiber composite material three-dimensional printing nozzle, including nozzle module, fiber guide module and the shearing module of being connected with thermoplastic material pipe, the nozzle module includes: one end of the first spray cavity is communicated with the thermoplastic material conduit; the second spray cavity is sleeved and communicated with the other end of the first spray cavity, the second spray cavity and the first spray cavity are connected and limited through a first elastic piece, and a first nozzle is arranged at one end far away from the first spray cavity; the fiber guide wire module includes: the fiber guide pipe, the wire outlet stretches into the first spray cavity and extends to or is close to the second spray cavity; pushing the second spray cavity to rise so that the wire outlet is close to or extends out of the first spray opening; the invention can realize the selectable and controllable printing of continuous fibers and thermoplastic materials, the printing process does not need to be stopped in the yarn breaking process, and the printing of continuous fiber composite materials with complex structures can be conveniently realized. The size of the nozzle of the 3D printing nozzle of the continuous fiber composite material is constant in the printing process, the proportion of resin to continuous fibers is constant, and the volume fraction of the continuous fibers cannot be changed. In addition, the constant volume fraction of the continuous fibers results in consistent path spacing between adjacent paths when printing the two paths. If printing is performed according to a variable-pitch path which meets the mechanical property requirement, a printing gap is generated. The printing path of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is limited, the distribution of continuous fibers in a printing workpiece is further limited, and the improvement of the mechanical property of the printing workpiece of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The 3D printing of the existing continuous fiber reinforced composite material is realized by an FDM process, and the nozzle size of the printing head cannot be changed in time according to the shape characteristics of a printing piece in the printing process, so that the printing path of continuous fibers is limited. In order to ensure that the printed parts have good mechanical properties, the arrangement of the continuous fibers is determined according to the stress characteristics of the parts. If the print paths are arranged according to a theoretical continuous fiber arrangement, print vacancies in the local positions of the printed parts are created. Thus, existing continuous fiber reinforced composite FDM processes have limited mechanical performance improvements for 3D printed parts.
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a 3D printing device and method for a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material. The device realizes the contact fusion of continuous fibers and resin before the spraying of the spray head, and simultaneously realizes the purpose of changing the volume fraction of the fibers by changing the size of an opening of the printing spray head; secondly, according to the mechanical property required by the workpiece, the stress condition is analyzed, a printing path with the variable fiber volume fraction is automatically generated, and the printing workpiece with stronger mechanical property can be printed by matching with the printing head with the variable fiber volume fraction.
A variable integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material D printing device comprises a fixed seat, wherein a sliding block fixed seat, a first motor and a second motor are respectively and fixedly connected above the fixed seat, and the first motor and the second motor respectively drive a rotary pinion and a width adjusting pinion; the rotary pinion and the width adjusting pinion are respectively meshed with the rotary large gear and the width adjusting large gear to drive the rotary large gear and the width adjusting large gear to rotate;
the device also comprises an inner ring system and an outer ring system;
The inner ring system comprises an upper block, a rotary large gear, a throat pipe, an inner ring, a gasket and an end cover; the outer ring system comprises an outer ring, a width adjusting large gear and a spiral cover;
The upper part of the upper block is connected with the slide block fixing seat through a bearing to realize rotation; the outer side of the upper block is fixedly connected with a rotary large gear; the lower part of the upper block is fixedly connected with a throat, an inner ring, a gasket and an end cover in sequence, the gasket and the end cover are provided with straight grooves, and two first sliding blocks and two second sliding blocks which can move along the straight grooves are arranged between the gasket and the end cover; the outer side of the inner ring is connected with the outer ring through the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, so that rotation can be realized, and the outer ring is fixedly connected with the width adjusting large gear; a spiral cover fixedly connected with the outer ring is arranged at the lower side of the outer ring and close to the gasket; two spiral grooves which are symmetrical in center are formed below the spiral cover; the parts of the first sliding block and the second sliding block, which extend out of the gasket, are embedded into the spiral groove of the spiral cover to realize relative movement;
A passage is arranged among the upper block, the throat, the inner ring, the gasket, the first sliding block and the second sliding block and the central axis of the end cover; the inner ring is also provided with a fiber conduit; the heating rod is embedded in the inner ring.
A printing method of a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material D printing device, comprising the steps of:
1) Carrying out finite element analysis on a printing workpiece, extracting node coordinates and stress information, constructing a unit continuous stress field, generating a unit main stress track line segment, then generating a main stress track, connecting discrete fiber tracks through path planning to generate a continuous printing path, reducing break points in the printing path, and converting the printing path into G codes;
2) The inner ring is internally embedded with a heating rod, and a resin material sequentially passes through the upper block, the throat, the inner ring, the gasket, the first sliding block, the second sliding block and the passage of the central axis of the end cover, is changed from a solid state to a molten state, and finally flows out through the nozzle; the inner ring is provided with a fiber conduit, continuous fibers penetrate through the conduit, the continuous fibers are carried out by molten resin materials in the printing process, and finally the molten resin materials containing the continuous fibers, namely the continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, flow out from the final nozzle;
3) In the printing process according to a printing path, a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material is needed, and the size of a nozzle is needed to be changed due to the path problem, the method is that a first motor and a second motor are controlled simultaneously, and the first motor and the second motor respectively drive an inner ring fixedly connected with a rotary large gear and an outer ring fixedly connected with a width adjusting large gear to rotate through transmission, namely, the relative movement of an end cover and a spiral cover is caused; the two grooves lead to the relative distance between the first sliding block and the second sliding block to be changed, and finally the size of a nozzle formed between the first sliding block, the second sliding block and the opening of the end cover is changed, so that the size of the nozzle is changeable; meanwhile, the inner ring rotates to cause the fixedly connected end cover to rotate, and the direction of the rectangular nozzle also changes; namely, the direction of the nozzle is changed due to the rotation of the first motor, and the size of the nozzle can be changed due to the linkage of the first motor and the second motor;
4) After one layer is printed, the printing head moves upwards relative to the printing workpiece, starts to print the next layer, prints sequentially layer by layer, and finally prints the D printing part of the whole content continuous fiber.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Compared with the traditional continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing, the variable fiber volume fraction and variable nozzle can improve the printing flexibility, adapt to more printing paths and obviously improve the mechanical property of a printed workpiece.
2. The printing equipment is more flexible and various, the diversity of the printing paths is further improved, and the printing paths can be designed according to the mechanical properties of the to-be-printed piece, such as a method for generating the printing paths based on the main stress trace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing device for a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the important inner layers of the printhead of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printhead of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the screw cap structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1,2, 3 and 4, a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device is provided, wherein a slider fixing seat 11, a first motor 1 and a second motor 10 are respectively and fixedly connected above a fixing seat 2, and the first motor 1 and the second motor 10 respectively drive a rotary pinion 3 and a width adjusting pinion 8. The rotary pinion 3 and the width adjusting pinion 8 are also meshed with the rotary large gear 9 and the width adjusting large gear 5 to drive the rotary large gear 9 and the width adjusting large gear 5 to rotate;
the device also comprises an inner ring system and an outer ring system;
inner ring system: the upper block 4, the rotary large gear 9, the throat 12, the inner ring 19, the gasket 15 and the end cover 6; an outer ring system: an outer ring 7, a width adjusting large gear 5 and a screw cover 14.
The upper part of the upper block 4 is connected with the slide block fixing seat 11 through a bearing 20, and can realize rotation. The outer side of the upper block 4 is fixedly connected with a rotary large gear 9. The lower part of the upper block 4 is fixedly connected with a throat 12, an inner ring 19, a gasket 15 and an end cover 6 in sequence, the gasket 15 and the end cover 6 are provided with straight grooves, and two first sliding blocks 16 and second sliding blocks 17 which can move along the straight grooves are arranged between the gasket 15 and the end cover 6; the outer side of the inner ring 19 is connected with the outer ring 7 through the bearing inner ring 18 and the bearing outer ring 13, so that rotation can be realized, and the outer ring 7 is fixedly connected with the width adjusting large gear 5. A screw cap 14 fixedly connected with the outer ring 7 is arranged at the lower side of the outer ring 7 near the gasket 15. Two centrally symmetrical spiral grooves are formed under the spiral cover 14. The parts of the first sliding block 16 and the second sliding block 17, which extend out of the gasket 15, are embedded into the spiral groove of the spiral cover 14 to realize relative movement;
a passage is arranged among the upper block 4, the throat 12, the inner ring 19, the gasket 15, the first sliding block 16 and the second sliding block 17 and the central axis of the end cover 6; the inner ring 19 is also provided with a fiber conduit 21; the inner ring 19 is embedded with a heating rod.
Referring to fig. 1,2, 3 and 4, a printing method of a 3D printing device for continuous fiber reinforced composite material based on the variation integral number comprises the following steps:
1) And carrying out finite element analysis on the printed workpiece, extracting node coordinates and stress information, constructing a continuous stress field of a unit, generating a main stress track line segment of the unit, generating a main stress track, connecting discrete fiber tracks through path planning to generate a continuous printing path, reducing break points in the printing path as much as possible, and converting the printing path into a G code.
2) The heating rod is embedded in the inner ring 19, and the resin material sequentially passes through the upper block4, the throat 12, the inner ring 19, the gasket 15, the passages between the first sliding block 16 and the second sliding block 17 and the central axis of the end cover 6, changes from a solid state to a molten state, and finally flows out through the nozzle. The inner ring 19 is provided with a fiber conduit 21 through which continuous fibers are threaded, and the continuous fibers are carried out of the molten resin material during printing, and finally the molten resin material containing the continuous fibers, namely the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, flows out from the nozzle.
3) In the process of printing according to a printing path, a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material is needed, the nozzle size needs to be changed due to the path problem, the first motor 1 and the second motor 10 need to be controlled simultaneously, and the first motor 1 and the second motor 10 respectively drive the inner ring 19 fixedly connected with the rotary large gear 9 and the outer ring 7 fixedly connected with the width adjusting large gear 5 to rotate through transmission, namely, the relative movement of the end cover 6 and the spiral cover 14 is caused. The two are grooved, so that the relative distance between the first sliding block 16 and the second sliding block 17 is changed, and finally the size of a nozzle formed between the first sliding block 16, the second sliding block 17 and the opening of the end cover 6 is changed, so that the size of the nozzle is changed; at the same time, rotation of the inner ring 19 causes rotation of the fixedly connected end cap 6, and the direction of the rectangular nozzle is also changed. In summary, rotation of the first motor 1 causes a change in the direction of the spout, and the first motor 1 in conjunction with the second motor 10 changes the size of the spout.
4) After one layer is printed, the printing head moves upwards relative to the printing workpiece, starts to print the next layer, prints sequentially layer by layer, and finally prints the 3D printing part of the whole content continuous fiber.
Claims (1)
1. A printing method of a variable integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing device comprises a fixed seat (2), wherein a sliding block fixed seat (11), a first motor (1) and a second motor (10) are respectively and fixedly connected above the fixed seat (2), and the first motor (1) and the second motor (10) respectively drive a rotary pinion (3) and a width adjusting pinion (8); the rotary pinion (3) and the width adjusting pinion (8) are respectively meshed with the rotary large gear (9) and the width adjusting large gear (5) to drive the rotary large gear (9) and the width adjusting large gear (5) to rotate;
the device also comprises an inner ring system and an outer ring system;
The inner ring system comprises an upper block (4), a rotary large gear (9), a throat pipe (12), an inner ring (19), a gasket (15) and an end cover (6); the outer ring system comprises an outer ring (7), a width adjusting large gear (5) and a spiral cover (14);
the upper part of the upper block (4) is connected with a slide block fixing seat (11) through a bearing (20) to realize rotation; the outer side of the upper block (4) is fixedly connected with a rotary large gear (9); the lower part of the upper block (4) is fixedly connected with a throat (12), an inner ring (19), a gasket (15) and an end cover (6) in sequence, straight grooves are formed in the gasket (15) and the end cover (6), and two first sliding blocks (16) and second sliding blocks (17) capable of moving along the straight grooves are arranged between the gasket and the end cover; the outer side of the inner ring (19) is connected with the outer ring (7) through the bearing inner ring (18) and the bearing outer ring (13), so that rotation can be realized, and the outer ring (7) is fixedly connected with the width adjusting large gear (5); a spiral cover (14) fixedly connected with the outer ring (7) is arranged at the lower side of the outer ring (7) close to the gasket (15); two spiral grooves which are symmetrical in center are formed below the spiral cover (14); the parts of the first sliding block (16) and the second sliding block (17) extending out of the gasket (15) are embedded into the spiral groove of the spiral cover (14) to realize relative movement;
A passage is arranged between the upper block (4), the throat pipe (12), the inner ring (19), the gasket (15), the first sliding block (16) and the second sliding block (17) and the central axis of the end cover (6); the inner ring (19) is also provided with a fiber conduit (21); a heating rod is embedded in the inner ring (19);
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Carrying out finite element analysis on a printing workpiece, extracting node coordinates and stress information, constructing a unit continuous stress field, generating a unit main stress track line segment, then generating a main stress track, connecting discrete fiber tracks through path planning to generate a continuous printing path, reducing break points in the printing path, and converting the printing path into G codes;
2) The inner ring (19) is internally embedded with a heating rod, and a resin material sequentially passes through the upper block (4), the throat (12), the inner ring (19), the gasket (15), the first sliding block (16), the second sliding block (17) and the passage of the central axis of the end cover (6), is changed from a solid state to a molten state, and finally flows out through the nozzle; the inner ring (19) is provided with a fiber guide pipe (21), continuous fibers penetrate through the pipe, the continuous fibers are carried out by molten resin materials in the printing process, and finally the molten resin materials containing the continuous fibers, namely the continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, flow out from the nozzle;
3) In the printing process according to a printing path, a variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material is needed, and the nozzle size is needed to be changed due to the path problem, the method comprises the steps of simultaneously controlling a first motor (1) and a second motor (10), and respectively driving an inner ring (19) fixedly connected with a rotary large gear (9) and an outer ring (7) fixedly connected with a width regulating large gear (5) to rotate through transmission of the first motor (1) and the second motor (10), namely, causing relative movement of an end cover (6) and a spiral cover (14); the two are grooved, so that the relative distance between the first sliding block (16) and the second sliding block (17) is changed, and finally the size of a nozzle formed between the first sliding block (16), the second sliding block (17) and the opening of the end cover (6) is changed, so that the size of the nozzle is changed; meanwhile, the rotation of the inner ring (19) can cause the rotation of the end cover (6) which is fixedly connected, and the direction of the rectangular nozzle can also be changed; namely, the direction of the nozzle is changed due to the rotation of the first motor (1), and the size of the nozzle can be changed due to the linkage of the first motor (1) and the second motor (10);
4) After one layer is printed, the printing head moves upwards relative to the printing workpiece, starts to print the next layer, prints sequentially layer by layer, and finally prints the 3D printing part of the whole content continuous fiber.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310021500.2A CN115958785B (en) | 2023-01-07 | 2023-01-07 | 3D printing device and method for variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material |
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| CN202310021500.2A CN115958785B (en) | 2023-01-07 | 2023-01-07 | 3D printing device and method for variant integral continuous fiber reinforced composite material |
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| CN115958785B true CN115958785B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106313496A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | 3D printing method for continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material, and printing head |
| CN108248015A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-07-06 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials three-dimensional printing-forming method |
| WO2020192756A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Method for planning 3d printing path of continuous fiber reinforced composite material |
| CN114953438A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Nozzle-changeable printing head for continuous fiber printing and printing method |
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2023
- 2023-01-07 CN CN202310021500.2A patent/CN115958785B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106313496A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | 3D printing method for continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material, and printing head |
| CN108248015A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-07-06 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials three-dimensional printing-forming method |
| WO2020192756A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Method for planning 3d printing path of continuous fiber reinforced composite material |
| CN114953438A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Nozzle-changeable printing head for continuous fiber printing and printing method |
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