CN106310410A - 一种脉动自适应人工心脏 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/20—Type thereof
- A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
- A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
- A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
- A61M60/135—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种脉动自适应人工心脏，属于生物医学工程领域，涉及一种能够自动适应心脏脉动血流，降低对心脏泵血阻碍的人工心脏。该装置由变直径血泵套筒，前导叶，不对称叶轮，滑动轴以及后导叶五部分组成。其中在变直径血泵套筒的前端固定前导叶；后部固定后导叶；在前导叶与后导叶之间设滑动轴，不对称叶轮在滑动轴上，并可前后滑动。本发明采用变直径血泵套筒替代传统等直径血泵套筒，采用不对称叶轮替代传统的对称叶轮，在心脏血流驱动下，人工心脏叶轮会沿滑动轴前后滑动，从而提高人工心脏对于心脏脉动血流的自动适应能力，降低了心脏收缩期间血泵对血液的阻碍作用，提高了人工心脏的治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脉动自适应人工心脏，属于生物医学工程领域。
背景技术
心力衰竭(心衰)是一种严重威胁人类健康的疾病。针对晚期心衰最有效的治疗方法是心脏移植与人工心脏辅助。由于心脏移植远远无法满足心衰治疗的需要，市场对于人工心脏的需求不断增加，因而它的市场前景非常看好。为了减小传统人工心脏对患者的损伤，植入主动脉内的新型人工心脏成为了研究的热点。例如：专利2015108365624设计了植入血管内的人工心脏。该人工心脏采用传统人工心脏的叶轮与血泵套筒结构进行泵血。专利2012800683178设计了植入主动脉瓣处的人工心脏，其采用了固定直径的血泵套筒与叶轮作为体内部分的核心结构。专利2014800562473设计了一种可以用于植入主动脉内人工心脏的叶轮，其采用固定直径的对称结构。类似的，专利2012105646105设计了一种串联手术方式的循环泵，采用固定直径血泵套筒、对称叶轮以及与主动脉几何走向一致的后导管相结合的方式，避免血泵对于主动脉的影响。专利201510835141X设计了一种分体式人工心脏，体内部分采用固定直径的血泵套筒与叶轮结构。虽然针对植入主动脉内的人工心脏已经有大量研究，但是这些研究均未解决人工心脏对于心脏脉动血流造成的阻碍作用。当心脏射血时，血流的瞬时流速远远高于血泵泵血速度。这样一方面会阻碍血液流出心脏，从而增加射血期心脏负荷，另一方面，高速血流直接与叶轮发生撞击，从而增加了血泵的血液损伤。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题，本发明提供一种叶轮可前后移动的脉动自适应人工心脏，能够自动适应心脏的脉动血流，降低血泵在心脏射血期对血液的阻碍作用，降低心脏的负荷。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是，一种脉动自适应人工心脏，由变直径血泵套筒，前导叶，不对称叶轮，后导叶，以及滑动轴组成，以所述滑动轴为轴，所述前导叶、不对称叶轮、后导叶从变直径血泵套筒入口到出口依次设置在变直径血泵套筒内，所述前导叶，后导叶，滑动轴与所述变直径血泵套筒固定，所述不对称叶轮可在所述滑动轴上前后滑动；并且所述变直径血泵套筒的内径从出口到入口逐渐收窄，同时所述不对称叶轮的轮毂随所述变直径血泵套筒的内径变细。
所述变直径血泵套筒的内壁为抛物面或双曲面或椭球面曲面；同时，所述不对称叶轮的轮毂形状与所述内壁配合，为抛物面或双曲面或椭球面曲面。
所述变直径血泵套筒、不对称叶轮、滑动轴由具有良好生物相容性的金属或者非金属材料制成。例如，所述变直径血泵套筒、不对称叶轮、前导叶、后导叶均采用钛合金制成，所述滑动轴可以由陶瓷制成。
本发明的效果在于：在心脏射血时，心脏出射血流速度高于血泵泵血速度，这时，叶轮受到血液冲击而向后滑动，从而一方面在叶轮前端形成空间容纳心脏射血，另一方面在叶轮与血泵套筒内壁之间形成较大间隙允许血液通过血泵流入主动脉，从而降低心脏射血负荷；在心脏舒张期，血泵泵血速度高于心脏射血速度，在后坐力影响下，叶轮向前滑动，从而降低叶轮与血泵套筒内壁的间隙，提高血泵的泵血能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种脉动自适应人工心脏的结构示意图。
图中：1.变直径血泵套筒；2.前导叶；3.不对称叶轮；4.后导叶；5.滑动轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合一个实施例及附图对本发明的做进一步详细说明。
本发明的一种脉动自适应人工心脏，由变直径血泵套筒1，前导叶2，不对称叶轮3，后导叶4，以及滑动轴5组成，以滑动轴5为轴，所述前导叶2、不对称叶轮3、后导叶4从变直径血泵套筒入口到出口依次设置在变直径血泵套筒1内。所述前导叶2，后导叶4，滑动轴5与所述变直径血泵套筒1固定，所述不对称叶轮3可在所述滑动轴5上前后滑动。并且所述变直径血泵套筒1的内径从出口到入口逐渐收窄；同时所述不对称叶轮的轮毂随所述变直径血泵套筒的内径变细。
变直径血泵套1筒内壁为抛物面，长度30mm。不对称叶轮3的轮毂为抛物面，其上的叶片构成的外轮廓也为抛物面，长度15mm。前导叶2为三个叶片，其叶面长度为2mm。后导叶4为三个叶片，长度7mm。
变直径血泵套筒1，不对称叶轮3，前导叶2与后导叶4均采用钛合金制成，滑动轴5采用陶瓷制成。
人工心脏的动力机构设置在不对称叶轮的轮毂中，采用现有的动力机构。
通过体外实验研究发现，在心脏射血期叶轮会向后滑动6mm，血液通过血泵间隙流入主动脉，未发现明显血液撞击现象，左心室负荷降低15％；在心脏舒张期，血泵叶轮复位，血泵实现额定泵血能力。
Claims (4)
1.一种脉动自适应人工心脏，由变直径血泵套筒，前导叶，不对称叶轮，后导叶，以及滑动轴组成，以所述滑动轴为轴，所述前导叶、不对称叶轮、后导叶从变直径血泵套筒入口到出口依次设置在变直径血泵套筒内，其特征在于：所述前导叶，后导叶，滑动轴与所述变直径血泵套筒固定，所述不对称叶轮可在所述滑动轴上前后滑动；并且所述变直径血泵套筒的内径从出口到入口逐渐收窄，同时所述不对称叶轮的轮毂随所述变直径血泵套筒的内径变细。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种脉动自适应人工心脏，其特征在于：所述变直径血泵套筒的内壁为抛物面或双曲面或椭球面曲面；同时，所述不对称叶轮的轮毂形状与所述内壁配合，为抛物面或双曲面或椭球面曲面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种脉动自适应人工心脏，其特征在于：所述变直径血泵套筒、不对称叶轮、滑动轴由具有良好生物相容性的金属或者非金属材料制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种脉动自适应人工心脏，其特征在于：所述变直径血泵套筒、不对称叶轮、前导叶、后导叶均由钛合金制成，所述滑动轴由陶瓷制成。
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11185677B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2021-11-30 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular fluid movement devices, systems, and methods of use |
| US11229784B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2022-01-25 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pumps and methods of use and manufacture |
| US11368081B2 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2022-06-21 | Kardion Gmbh | Magnetic coupling element with a magnetic bearing function |
| US11511103B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2022-11-29 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular fluid movement devices, systems, and methods of use |
| US11654275B2 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2023-05-23 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pumps with struts and methods of use and manufacture |
| US11724089B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2023-08-15 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pump systems and methods of use and control thereof |
| US11754075B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2023-09-12 | Kardion Gmbh | Impeller for an implantable, vascular support system |
| WO2023174019A1 (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | 上海微创心力医疗科技有限公司 | 叶轮结构、心脏泵以及心脏辅助系统 |
| US11944805B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2024-04-02 | Kardion Gmbh | Pump for delivering a fluid and method of manufacturing a pump |
| US11964145B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2024-04-23 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pumps and methods of manufacture and use |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11185677B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2021-11-30 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular fluid movement devices, systems, and methods of use |
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| US11964145B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2024-04-23 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pumps and methods of manufacture and use |
| US11654275B2 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2023-05-23 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pumps with struts and methods of use and manufacture |
| US11724089B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2023-08-15 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Intravascular blood pump systems and methods of use and control thereof |
| US11944805B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2024-04-02 | Kardion Gmbh | Pump for delivering a fluid and method of manufacturing a pump |
| WO2023174019A1 (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | 上海微创心力医疗科技有限公司 | 叶轮结构、心脏泵以及心脏辅助系统 |
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