CN106310138A - 一种预防乳猪腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防乳猪腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106310138A CN106310138A CN201610912763.2A CN201610912763A CN106310138A CN 106310138 A CN106310138 A CN 106310138A CN 201610912763 A CN201610912763 A CN 201610912763A CN 106310138 A CN106310138 A CN 106310138A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种预防乳猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于该中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制备而成的:20‑30份白头翁、20‑30份苦参、10‑20份黄连、10‑20份龙胆草、10‑20份苍术、10‑20份莪术、10‑20份凤尾草、10‑20份独脚金、10‑20份葫芦茶。采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养猪的过程中能够降低乳猪腹泻率,提高采食量,增强食欲,可在规模化养猪厂推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药复方领域,涉及一种预防乳猪腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
乳猪腹泻是乳猪的常见病,是阻碍养猪生产的关键。引起乳猪腹泻的原因有两个:一是因乳猪消化系统发育不健全,对饲料中的某些成分产生排斥反应或因受凉产生消化不良而导致的生理性腹泻;二是由于病原微生物感染所导致的病理性腹泻。腹泻发生后,乳猪营养缺乏,生长停滞,极易死亡,严重影响养殖效益。
面对这种情况,大部分养殖场使用化药或抗生素,然而这种方法极易导致乳猪免疫力下降,影响后期育肥。因此寻找一种高效安全、提高免疫力、预防乳猪腹泻的中药复方极为关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效安全、提高采食量、预防乳猪腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于该中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制备而成的:20-30份白头翁、20-30份苦参、10-20份黄连、10-20份龙胆草、10-20份苍术、10-20份莪术、10-20份凤尾草、10-20份独脚金、10-20份葫芦茶。
进一步地,所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于其由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的:22-28份白头翁、22-28份苦参、12-18份黄连、12-18份龙胆草、12-18份苍术、12-18份莪术、12-18份凤尾草、12-18份独脚金、12-18份葫芦茶。
更进一步地,所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于其由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的:24-26份白头翁、24-26份苦参、14-16份黄连、14-16份龙胆、14-16苍术、14-16份莪术、14-16份凤尾草、14-16份独脚金、14-16份葫芦茶。
进一步地,所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物为散剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂或注射液。
本发明还提供了所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
1)取苍术和莪术,水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精包合,干燥,粉碎,备用 ;提取后的药液,另器贮存;
2)将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶,加重量为8-15倍量水或40%-70%的乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,过滤,与步骤1)得到的药液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度1.21~1.27(50℃)、减压干燥成干膏;
3)干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E及适量辅料,混匀,制备胶囊剂、颗粒剂或片剂。
进一步地,步骤1)中,挥发油提取时加8-16倍量水浸泡0.5-3小时;挥发油提取6-10小时,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精按重量比1:10包合,35-50℃干燥,提取后的药液,另器贮存。
进一步地,步骤2)中,将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶,加重量为10-12倍量水或50%-60%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1-2小时。
药物组成和分析:
白头翁:性寒;归胃、大肠经;白头翁药用价值高,从上述历代本草专著看出多有记述。中医认为,白头翁有清热解毒,凉血止痢,明目,燥湿杀虫的功效;主治热毒痢疾,鼻衄,血痔,带下,阴痒,痈疮,瘰疬等症。
苦参:清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿。用于热痢,便血,黄疸尿闭,赤白带下,阴肿阴痒,湿疹,湿疮,皮肤瘙痒,疥癣麻风,外治滴虫性阴道炎。
黄连:黄连具有很强的抗菌作用,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌等。亦有抗病毒,抗原虫作用。此外黄连还有解毒作用,如对抗细菌毒素,降低金黄色葡萄球菌凝固酶、溶血素效价,降低大肠杆菌的毒力等。以及抗炎、解热的作用。
龙胆草:泻肝胆实火,除下焦湿热。治肝经热盛,惊痫狂躁,乙型脑炎,头痛,目赤,咽痛,黄疸,热痢,痈肿疮疡,阴囊肿痛,阴部湿痒。用于湿热黄疽、阴肿阴痒、带下、湿疹瘙痒、耳聋、胁痛、口苦、惊风抽搐。
苍术:味辛、苦,性温。归脾、胃、肝经。燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。用于湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿蹙,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,眼目昏涩。根茎含挥发油约5~9%,主要成分为苍术醇、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇等。苍术可抑制多种肠道病原微生物生长,对大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等病原菌具有显著地抑制和灭活作用。
葫芦茶,为豆科植物葫芦茶Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi的地上部分。味苦、涩,性凉。功效:清热解毒,利湿退黄,消积杀虫。主治:用于中暑烦渴,感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,肺病咳血,肾炎,小儿疳积,黄疸,泄泻,痢疾,风湿关节痛,钩虫病,疥疮。
独脚金,为玄参科独脚金属植物独脚金Strigaasiatica(L.)O.Kuntze,以全草入药。味甘、淡,性凉。功效:清热,消积。用于小儿疳积,小儿夏季热,小儿腹泻,黄疸型肝炎。
莪术,味辛、苦,性温。归肝、脾经。功能主治:行气破血;消积止痛。主血气心痛;饮食积滞;脘腹胀痛;血滞经闭;痛经;症瘕瘤痞块;跌打损伤。药理作用:1.抗肿瘤作用:莪术有直接杀瘤细胞的作用;2.抗菌作用:莪术挥发油试管内能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、β-溶血性链球菌、大肠埃希菌、伤寒杆菌、霍乱弧菌等的生长;3.升高白细胞的作用;4.抗炎作用等。
凤尾草:味淡微苦,性寒。功能主治:清热利湿,凉血止血,消肿解毒。治黄疸型肝炎,肠炎,菌痢,淋浊,带下,吐血,衄血,便血,尿血,扁桃体炎,腮腺炎,痈肿疮毒,湿疹。《生草药性备要》:洗疳、疔、痔,散毒,敷疮。治蛇咬诸毒,刀伤,能止血生肌,春汁调酒服,渣敷患处。研末收贮治气痛。《分类草药性》:治一切热毒,消肿,清火。治痈疮,乳痈,淋症。《中国药植志》:止泻。《广西药植志》:清大肠、肺热。治热性痢疾及齿痛,止吐血。《湖南药物志》:治疳积,感冒,目翳。
本发明的有益效果是:
采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养猪的过程中能够降低乳猪腹泻率,提高采食量,增强食欲,可在规模化养猪厂推广应用。
具体实施方式
基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种提高采食量,降低腹泻率的中药复方胶囊剂,包括:25份白头翁、25份苦参、15份黄连、15份龙胆草、15份苍术、15份莪术、15份凤尾草、15份独脚金、15份葫芦茶。其具体制备方法如下:
1)取苍术、莪术加重量为8倍量水浸泡0.5小时,提取挥发油8小时,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精按重量比1:10包合,40℃干燥,提取后的药液,另器贮存;
2)将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶加10倍量水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,与步骤1)得到的药液合并,静置过夜、滤取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.24(50℃)、干燥成干膏;
3)干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入淀粉和糊精,混匀,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
实施例 2
一种提高采食量,降低腹泻率的中药复方颗粒剂,包括:30份白头翁、20份苦参、10份黄连、10份龙胆草、20份苍术、10份莪术、20份凤尾草、20份独脚金、20份葫芦茶。
其具体制备方法如下:
1)取苍术、莪术加重量为12倍量水浸泡0.5小时,提取挥发油10小时,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精按重量比1:10包合,40℃干燥,提取后的药液,另器贮存;
2)将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶加重量为10倍量50%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并提取液,过滤,与步骤1)得到的药液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度1.25(50℃)、减压干燥成干膏;
3)干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入蔗糖粉及糊精混匀,干燥、粉碎、加乙醇适量制成颗粒,干燥,整粒,分装,即得。
实施例3
一种提高采食量,降低腹泻率的中药复方散剂:按以下重量称取各原料药,20份白头翁、30份苦参、20份黄连、20份龙胆草、10份苍术、20份莪术、10份凤尾草、10份独脚金、10份葫芦茶。将上述各原料药粉碎后,过 80 目筛,分装,即得。
以下通过具体试验例说明本发明预防乳猪腹泻的中药复方的有益效果。
试验例1
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验药物
预防猪腹泻的中药复方由中悦民安(北京)科技发展有限公司提供。
1.2 试验动物
为北京某畜牧公司提供的5日龄1.3公斤左右的长白猪和大白猪的二元杂交猪。试验于2016年3月10日至2016年4月7日进行,按窝别、体重、性别相近原则随机分为4个处理,每个处理设置4个重复,每个重复10头猪,共160头猪。
1.3 试验管理及分组
1.3.1试验分组
采用单因子分组设计,设3个处理组(A1、A2、A3)和1个基础添加剂对照组(A4)。
1.3.2日粮组成
饲料配方及营养水平参考美国NRC《建议猪的营养需要量》及饲养实践配置而成,A1、A2、A3的中药添加量分别为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%。
1.3.3饲养管理
预试期3d,正试期25d,试验开始前按猪场正常程序免疫。
1.4 试验测定的项目及方法
1.4.1 生长性能指标测定
分别于试验开始、结束时早晨空腹状态下称量各组每头猪的体重,计算各组的平均日增重。
1.4.2 腹泻指标测定
试验期间每天上午、傍晚逐头检查乳猪肛门、观察有无粪便污染及红肿,并做好记录,计算乳猪腹泻率、腹泻频率和腹泻指数。
腹泻率=腹泻头数/总头数╳100%
腹泻频率=∑(腹泻乳猪头数╳乳猪腹泻天数)/(试验乳猪头数╳正试验天数)╳100%
腹泻指数=粪便评分之和/供试猪总头数。
1.5 试验数据处理
用SPSS10.0对数据进行统计分析。
2结果与分析
2.1 乳猪生产性能变化
根据每个重复猪的称重情况统计出每重复平均增重,结果见表1。
表1 早期乳猪生产性能/头,kg
组别 | 始重 | 末重 | 日增重(ADG) |
A1 | 1.36±0.05 | 8.58±0.03 | 0.29 |
A2 | 1.40±0.01 | 9.15±0.02 | 0.31 |
A3 | 1.37±0.02 | 8.84±0.01 | 0.30 |
A4 | 1.36±0.01 | 8.44±0.02 | 0.28 |
由表1可以看出,添加中药复方的A1、A2和A3组日增重要高于A4组,分别高出3.5%、10.7%和7.1%,由此可见,添加0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的中药复方可提高乳猪的采食量。
2.2 乳猪腹泻程度
结果见表2。由表2可看出A1、A2和A3组腹泻率、腹泻频率和腹泻指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),分别低于33.94%、35.26%、0.049;37.97%、28.34%、0.06和36.09%、24.73%、0.032。从该结果来看,添加中药可显著降低腹泻率、腹泻频率及腹泻指数,且A2组效果最好。
表2 乳猪的腹泻程度
组别 | 腹泻率/% | 腹泻频率/% | 腹泻指数 |
A1 | 38.73a±2.41 | 5.53a±0.65 | 0.146 |
A2 | 36.37a±2.63 | 5.36a±0.46 | 0.135 |
A3 | 37.47a±3.10 | 5.63a±0.34 | 0.163 |
A4 | 58.63b±3.57 | 7.48b±0.74 | 0.195 |
3结论
预防乳猪腹泻是养殖业的难点,本试验的结果表明,添加中药复方可提高采食量,显著降低腹泻率、腹泻频率和腹泻指数。
Claims (7)
1.一种预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于该中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制备而成的:20-30份白头翁、20-30份苦参、10-20份黄连、10-20份龙胆草、10-20份苍术、10-20份莪术、10-20份凤尾草、10-20份独脚金、10-20份葫芦茶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于其由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的:22-28份白头翁、22-28份苦参、12-18份黄连、12-18份龙胆草、12-18份苍术、12-18份莪术、12-18份凤尾草、12-18份独脚金、12-18份葫芦茶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于其由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的:24-26份白头翁、24-26份苦参、14-16份黄连、14-16份龙胆、14-16苍术、14-16份莪术、14-16份凤尾草、14-16份独脚金、14-16份葫芦茶。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物为散剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂或注射液。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
1)取苍术和莪术,水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精包合,干燥,粉碎,备用 ;提取后的药液,另器贮存;
2)将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶,加重量为8-15倍量水或40%-70%的乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,过滤,与步骤1)得到的药液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度1.21~1.27(50℃)、减压干燥成干膏;
3)干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E及适量辅料,混匀,制备胶囊剂、颗粒剂或片剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,挥发油提取时加8-16倍量水浸泡0.5-3小时;挥发油提取6-10小时,收集挥发油,挥发油与β-环糊精按重量比1:10包合,35-50℃干燥,提取后的药液,另器贮存。
7.根据权利要求5所述的预防仔猪腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,将提取挥发油后的药渣与白头翁、苦参、黄连、龙胆草、凤尾草、独脚金和葫芦茶,加重量为10-12倍量水或50%-60%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1-2小时。
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