CN106300497A - 在充电桩处对插入式机动车辆进行充电的充电站和方法 - Google Patents

在充电桩处对插入式机动车辆进行充电的充电站和方法 Download PDF

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CN106300497A
CN106300497A CN201610453264.1A CN201610453264A CN106300497A CN 106300497 A CN106300497 A CN 106300497A CN 201610453264 A CN201610453264 A CN 201610453264A CN 106300497 A CN106300497 A CN 106300497A
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charging station
voltage
low
charging
motor vehicles
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D·赫尔克
R·奥斯特赖克
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • H02J7/0021—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • H02J7/0027—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于在充电桩(12)处对插入式机动车辆(24)进行充电的充电站(10)，该充电站具有以下特征：该充电站(10)包括一个电力变压器(14)和多个整流器模块(16)，该电力变压器(14)具有在次级侧DC隔离的多条端子引线(18)；这些端子引线(18)被至少部分地连接到这些整流器模块(16)，并且该电力变压器(14)和这些整流器模块(16)被配置的方式为：当该电力变压器(14)被供给有一个中等电压时这些整流器模块(16)发出一个低DC电压。本发明还提供了一种相对应的方法。

Description

在充电桩处对插入式机动车辆进行充电的充电站和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在充电桩处对插入式机动车辆进行充电的充电站。本发明还涉及一种相对应的方法。
背景技术
用于对充电桩电供应固定DC电压以便对插入式车辆(混合动力或电动车辆)的牵引电池供应DC电压的固定系统是已知的。实践中还已知的是，从固定AC供电系统对多个单独的充电桩供电，特别是以约400伏的低电压，每个单独的充电桩包括其自身用于提供DC电压的AC/DC转换器。此外，实践中已经知道的是，通过使用多个充电装置形式的AC/DC转换器来使用分级电力分配。
US 7,256,516 B2描述了一种用于对多台电池供电的车辆的电池同时充电的充电系统。充电包括一个或多个DC/DC电力转换器，该一个或多个DC/DC电力转换器具有被设计成将它们连接到电池的一个或多个充电连接件。这些DC/DC电力转换器各自被配置成选择性地连接到多于一个的充电连接件，以便选择性地提供较高的连接功率水平。这些DC/DC电力转换器通过中间电路来连接到一个整流器。该整流器被连接到具有有限功率的交流源。
WO 2013/039753 A1描述了一种使用多个不同的AC源来管理能量的方法。
US 2014/0232301 A1披露了一种用于充电逆变器的方法。
US 2013/0221921 A1描述了一种车辆。
US 2012/0326668 A1涉及一种燃料电池，特别是在根据权利要求1的实施例中。
发明内容
本发明提供了根据下述1和8的一种用于在充电桩处对插入式机动车辆进行充电的充电站和一种相对应的方法。
1.一种用于在充电桩(12)处对插入式机动车辆(24)进行充电的充电站(10)，其特征为以下特征：
-该充电站(10)包括一个电力变压器(14)和多个整流器模块(16)，
-该电力变压器(14)具有在次级侧DC隔离的多条端子引线(18)，
-这些端子引线(18)被至少部分地连接到这些整流器模块(16)，并且
-该电力变压器(14)和这些整流器模块(16)被配置的方式为：当该电力变压器(14)被供给有一个中等电压时，这些整流器模块(16)发出一个低DC电压。
2.如上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电站(10)还包括一个具有反馈能力的缓冲存储器(20)，并且
-这些端子引线(18)之一被连接到该缓冲存储器(20)。
3.如上述1或2所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为
一个电源滤波器。
4.如上述3所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
该电源滤波器是这些整流器模块(16)的一个功率因数校正滤波器。
5.如上述1至4之一所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为
一个绝缘监测器。
6.如上述1至5之一所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
这些整流器模块(16)被组合以形成一个多极母线。
7.如上述1至6之一所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
该充电站(10)被配置的方式为：当该中等电压是20kV时，该低DC电压是在950V与2000V之间、优选是1000V。
8.一种用于在充电桩(12)处对插入式机动车辆(24)进行充电的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-对一个充电站(10)、优选是一个如上述1至7之一所述的充电站供给一个中等电压，
-该充电站(10)发出一个未经调节的低DC电压，
-使该低DC电压适配于该机动车辆(24)，并且
-对该机动车辆(24)充入经适配的低DC电压。
9.如上述8所述的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-在基础设施中适配该低DC电压，并且
-该充电桩(12)提供经适配的低DC电压。
10.如上述8所述的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电桩(12)提供未经调节的低DC电压，并且
-由该机动车辆(24)来适配该低DC电压。
所提出的解决方法是基于以下知识，即：未来将要求更高的充电功率并且每个充电站所需要的充电桩的数量将增加。这显示了本发明的成本和战略优势。
除了其灵活可扩展性，该解决方案的一个优点是，所有由该充电站充电的车辆都是彼此DC解耦的。还应提及充电桩的低采购成本。最后，由于供电不是由通常针对400V的电压具有120A的电流限制的三相电流的低电压网络产生的，根据本发明的充电过程不受任何系统固有功率限制。
相比于以前所知的，本发明的进一步的优点包括所述相当大的成本优势、足够的充电功率、充电桩之间的灵活配电以及易于扩展直至最大功率Pmax。
上述2-7和9-10中阐述了本发明的进一步的有利改进。该充电站可以因此包括一个具有反馈能力的缓冲存储器，该电力变压器的这些端子引线之一被连接到该缓冲存储器。这种能量存储器可以拦截峰值负载。
还可以提供的是，使这些整流器模块包括一个例如功率因数校正滤波器(powerfactor correction，PFC)形式的电源滤波器，并且使所谓的功率因数增大从而使其保持在法定范围内。这种优化特别地改善了所描述的充电站的标准化电磁兼容性(EMC)。
同样可以提供的是，使该充电站包括至少一个绝缘监测器。在这种情况下，优选地给由该充电站充电的每台车辆提供一个分开的绝缘监测器。在出现故障的事件中，如果超过了绝缘故障电流，可以因此发出警告或者可以使相关的网络耗电器件(Netzabganges)断开连接。
最后，这些整流器模块可以被组合以形成一个多极直流母线(direct currentbusbar，DC bus)，其被证明是对充电站的维护的清楚性和简易性是有利的。
附图说明
在附图中展示出了本发明的两个示例性实施例，并且以下对其进行更详细地描述。
图1示出了第一实施例的象征性图示。
图2示出了第二实施例的象征性图示。
具体实施方式
图1展示了根据本发明的第一实施例的用于在三个充电桩12之一对插入式机动车辆24进行充电的充电站10的简化结构。充电站10包括具有一个绝缘监测器和多项安全措施的一个电力变压器14。电力变压器14例如由中等电压网络的上游变压器32供给20kV的中等电压。该变压器则是从发电厂28通过以在110kV和380kV之间电压运行的特高压和高压网络30来供电的。
被提供为中央高功率AC/DC转换器26的充电站10还包括三个整流器模块16，这些整流器模块被连接到电力变压器14的三条DC隔离的端子引线18并且被组合以形成多极母线，以便提供具有600kW总功率的中间网络。第四整流器模块16在充电站10中被连接到一个具有反馈能力的缓冲存储器20。在这种情况下，这些整流器模块16的功率因数校正滤波器用作充电站10的电源滤波器。
电力变压器14和这些整流器模块16被配置的方式为：如果电力变压器14被供给有一个20kV的中等电压，则这些整流器模块16发出在950V与2000V之间的、优选是1000V的低DC电压。该低DC电压作为尚未经调节的DC低电压通过基础设施中的三个简单的降压型DC/DC转换器26之一来与机动车辆24的充电电压相适配，该充电电压是在200V和1000V之间、但优选800V。这个稳定的充电电压在开关22的控制下通过具有150kW的充电功率的充电桩12来传送到机动车辆24，以便对该机动车辆充电。
该低DC电压的适配在图2中观察到的本发明的第二实施例的情况下是以不同的方式来解决的。这种情况下，充电桩12提供尚未经调节的低DC电压，其结果是必须由机动车辆24对该低DC电压进行适配。出于此目的，该机动车辆包括其自身的降压型DC/DC转换器26。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在充电桩(12)处对插入式机动车辆(24)进行充电的充电站(10)，其特征为以下特征：
-该充电站(10)包括一个电力变压器(14)和多个整流器模块(16)，
-该电力变压器(14)具有在次级侧DC隔离的多条端子引线(18)，
-这些端子引线(18)被至少部分地连接到这些整流器模块(16)，并且
-该电力变压器(14)和这些整流器模块(16)被配置的方式为：当该电力变压器(14)被供给有一个中等电压时，这些整流器模块(16)发出一个低DC电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电站(10)还包括一个具有反馈能力的缓冲存储器(20)，并且
-这些端子引线(18)之一被连接到该缓冲存储器(20)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为
一个电源滤波器。
4.如权利要求3所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
该电源滤波器是这些整流器模块(16)的一个功率因数校正滤波器。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的充电站(10)，
其特征为
一个绝缘监测器。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
这些整流器模块(16)被组合以形成一个多极母线。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于
该充电站(10)被配置的方式为：当该中等电压是20kV时，该低DC电压是在950V与2000V之间、优选是1000V。
8.一种用于在充电桩(12)处对插入式机动车辆(24)进行充电的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-对一个充电站(10)、优选是一个如权利要求1至7之一所述的充电站供给一个中等电压，
-该充电站(10)发出一个未经调节的低DC电压，
-使该低DC电压适配于该机动车辆(24)，并且
-对该机动车辆(24)充入经适配的低DC电压。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-在基础设施中适配该低DC电压，并且
-该充电桩(12)提供经适配的低DC电压。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电桩(12)提供未经调节的低DC电压，并且
-由该机动车辆(24)来适配该低DC电压。
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