CN106295030B - A kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method - Google Patents
A kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002715 bioenergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037323 metabolic rate Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000277275 Oncorhynchus mykiss Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 106
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Ammonia-15N Chemical compound [15NH3] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000876437 Brachymystax lenok Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000277269 Oncorhynchus masou Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method, is related to a kind of fish culture dynamic quantitative feeding method.The present invention is to solve the determination of current fine-scaled graphite feeding volume and rely primarily on the experience of raiser or with reference to other ofapproximate categories such as rainbow trouts, it causes a large amount of feed waste, generate secondary pollution, fish body metabolic burden is caused to increase, growth efficiency reduces and the technical issues of cause serious negative effect to fish body health and welfare.The present invention: one, the bioenergetics model of fine-scaled graphite is established；Two, most suitable grazing rate model is established；Three, step 1 and two is repeated until feeding feed number of days and terminating；Four, the generation of table is fed.Feeding method of the invention has many advantages, such as accurate, efficient, green, environmental protection, the science of feed in fine-scaled graphite breeding process can be effectively instructed to feed, it reduces feed cost, mitigate secondary pollution, there is positive meaning to the health for maintaining cultivation fine-scaled graphite fish body, the use for reducing drug.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish culture dynamic quantitative feeding methods.
Background technique
Fine-scaled graphite (Brachymystax lenok) is the rare rare indigenous salmon fishes in China, is under the jurisdiction of the thin squama of salmonidae
Salmon category moves in high and cold freshwater.Because of its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour is full of nutrition, and is consumed deeply without piercing between flesh
Person's favor.Currently, the full artificial breeding technology of fine-scaled graphite has accused breakthrough, and in Heilungkiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Shandong, Shanxi, new
Large-scale cultivation has been carried out on the ground such as boundary, achieves more considerable economic benefit and social benefit.But in breeding production, thin squama
The determination of salmon feeding volume still relies primarily on the experience of raiser or with reference to other ofapproximate categories such as rainbow trouts, and often ignores not of the same race
The dynamic change of the difference of biological characteristics and breeding environment between class, cause a large amount of feed waste, increase feed cost with
And secondary pollution is generated, cause fish body metabolic burden to increase, growth efficiency is reduced and caused to fish body health and welfare serious
Negative effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve the determination of current fine-scaled graphite feeding volume and rely primarily on the experience of raiser or with reference to rainbow trout
It etc. other ofapproximate categories, causes a large amount of feed waste, generate secondary pollution, cause fish body metabolic burden to increase, growth efficiency
The technical issues of reducing and serious negative effect is caused to fish body health and welfare, and it is fixed to provide a kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic
Measure feeding method.
A kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method of the invention carries out according to the following steps:
One, the bioenergetics model of fine-scaled graphite is established:
1, physical efficiency value submodel:
The fish body of fine-scaled graphite can regression relation between value Et and water temperature T and weight W:
LnEt=1.0012+1.2070 × lnw-0.0002 × T2- 0.0021 × T × lnw ,-equation 1,
N=45, R2=0.9995, P < 0.05,
The unit of Et is KJ/fish in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
2, grazing rate submodel:
Regression relation between the Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax and water temperature T and weight W of fine-scaled graphite:
LnCmax=-6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2- 0.016 × T × lnW ,-equation 2,
N=45, R2=0.9932, P < 0.001；
The unit of Cmax is g/fish/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
Since there are the relationships of following formula: C=W × RL/100 between the grazing rate C and foraging ecology RL of fine-scaled graphite, C in formula
Unit be g/fish/d, the unit of foraging ecology RL is %/d, and therefore, the maximum foraging ecology RLmax of fine-scaled graphite can be with table
It is shown as:
RLmax=100 × Exp (- 6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2-0.016×T×lnW)/
W ,-equation 3,
The unit of RLmax is %/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
3, defecation submodel:
Regression relation between the defecation rate F and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
F=0.3247C-0.1506,
N=45, R2=0.9994, P < 0.001；
The unit of F is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
So defecation rate Fmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Fmax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 4,
The unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Due under different foraging ecologies defecation can in energy of always ingesting proportion it is relatively small, most suitable water of ingesting
Regression relation between the defecation rate Fopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of flat lower fine-scaled graphite can also be estimated are as follows:
Fopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 5,
The unit of Fopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
4, submodel is drained:
Regression relation between the excretion rate U and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
U=0.0576C-0.0032,
N=45, R2=0.9911, P < 0.001；
The unit of U is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
So excretion rate Umax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Umax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 6,
The unit of Umax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Due under different foraging ecologies excretion can in energy of always ingesting proportion it is relatively small, most suitable water of ingesting
Regression relation between the excretion rate Uopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of flat lower fine-scaled graphite can also be estimated are as follows:
Uopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 7,
The unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
5, heat increment submodel:
Using the relationship between specific dynamic action coefficient S DA coefficient estimation heat increment SDA and grazing rate C:
SDA=SDA coefficient × C/100
SDA coefficient=9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W
SDA=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × C/100,
In formula, the unit of SDA is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite, is ingested
The unit of rate C is KJ/fish/d；
So specific dynamic action SDAmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
SDAmax=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × Cmax/100 ,-equation 8,
In formula, the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite,
The unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
6, Standard Metabolism and activity metabolism submodel:
Recurrence between the ratio and foraging ecology RL of the total grazing rate C of Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra Zhan of fine-scaled graphite
Relationship are as follows:
(Rs+Ra)/C=-0.0599RL+0.4947,
N=12, R2=0.7607, P < 0.001,
In formula, the unit of Rs+Ra is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of RL is %/d；
So (Rs+Ra) max of fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
(Rs+Ra) max/Cmax=-0.0599RLmax+0.4947 ,-equation 9,
In formula, the unit of (Rs+Ra) max is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, the unit of RLmax
It is %/d；
7, it grows:
Growth G when fine-scaled graphite ingests unrestricted is calculated by energy budget formula:
G=C-F-U-SDA- (Rs+Ra),
In formula, the unit of G is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of grazing rate C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of defecation rate F is KJ/
Fish/d, the unit of excretion rate U are KJ/fish/d, and the unit of excretion rate U is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of heat increment SDA is KJ/
The unit of fish/d, Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra are KJ/fish/d；
So growth Gmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Gmax=Cmax-Fmax-Umax-SDAmax- (Rs+Ra) max ,-equation 10,
In formula, the unit of Gmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/
The unit of d, Umax are KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, (Rs+Ra)
The unit of max is KJ/fish/d；
Two, most suitable grazing rate model is established:
The most suitable grazing rate Copt of fine-scaled graphite is deformed to obtain by energy budget equation:
Copt=Gopt+Ropt+Fopt+Uopt (equation 11)
In formula, the unit of Copt is KJ/fish/d；Gopt is the growth under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/fish/d；
Ropt is the metabolic rate under most suitable grazing rate, is the sum of the SDA+Rs+Ra under most suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Fopt
It is the defecation rate under most suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Uopt is the excretion rate under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/
fish/d；
The application assumes that growth G of the fine-scaled graphite under most suitable grazing rate and Maximum feed-taking rate is identical, i.e. Gopt=
Gmax, can be in the hope of by equation 10；Ropt=Rmax × 0.60, Rmax are acquired by equation 8 and 9；Fopt is acquired by equation 5；
Uopt is acquired by equation 7；Most suitable grazing rate Copt can be acquired by calculating；
The t days of fine-scaled graphite can value Et=Et-1+Gt, E in formulatUnit be KJ/fish, GtIt is fine-scaled graphite the t-1 days
To growth in the t days, the Gmax that equation 10 acquires was Gt, GtUnit be KJ/fish；
Fine-scaled graphite the t days fish body terminal weight in wet base Wt by the t days can value Et be calculated by equation 1, the t days water
Warm Tt is that in-site measurement obtains；
Three, the t days fish bodies the terminal weight in wet base Wt and the t days water temperature T t obtained according to step 2, repeat step 1 and
Two until feeding feed number of days and terminating；
Four, it feeds the generation of table: above-mentioned all equations is established to the grazing rate model of fine-scaled graphite with computer programming, it is defeated
Enter to cultivate number of days d, water temperature T, fish original body mass W0, dietary protein level Dp and Feed Energy Value Ed by calculating export daily weight
Wt, growth Gt, day maximum food consumption Cmax and most suitable food ration Copt, the dynamic for forming fine-scaled graphite cultivation feed table, Ji Kejing
Day growth rate and Day feeding amount in quasi- prediction fine-scaled graphite breeding production under varying environment, determine that the dynamic of fine-scaled graphite cultivation is fed
Amount.
For the temperature that fine-scaled graphite cultivates in the application lower than 22 DEG C and higher than 6 DEG C, cultivation density is lower than 20kg/m3。
Feeding method of the invention has many advantages, such as accurate, efficient, green, environmental protection, and fine-scaled graphite can effectively be instructed to support
The science of feed is fed during growing, reduce feed cost, mitigate secondary pollution, to maintain cultivation fine-scaled graphite fish body health,
The use for reducing drug has positive meaning.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the computer program flow chart of fine-scaled graphite grazing rate model of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: it is according to the following steps that the present embodiment, which is a kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method,
It carries out:
One, the bioenergetics model of fine-scaled graphite is established:
1, physical efficiency value submodel:
The fish body of fine-scaled graphite can regression relation between value Et and water temperature T and weight W:
LnEt=1.0012+1.2070 × lnw-0.0002 × T2- 0.0021 × T × lnw ,-equation 1,
N=45, R2=0.9995, P < 0.05,
The unit of Et is KJ/fish in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
2, grazing rate submodel:
Regression relation between the Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax and water temperature T and weight W of fine-scaled graphite:
LnCmax=-6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2- 0.016 × T × lnW ,-equation 2,
N=45, R2=0.9932, P < 0.001；
The unit of Cmax is g/fish/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
Since there are the relationships of following formula: C=W × RL/100 between the grazing rate C and foraging ecology RL of fine-scaled graphite, C in formula
Unit be g/fish/d, the unit of foraging ecology RL is %/d, and therefore, the maximum foraging ecology RLmax of fine-scaled graphite can be with table
It is shown as:
RLmax=100 × Exp (- 6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2-0.016×T×lnW)/
W ,-equation 3,
The unit of RLmax is %/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
3, defecation submodel:
Regression relation between the defecation rate F and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
F=0.3247C-0.1506,
N=45, R2=0.9994, P < 0.001；
The unit of F is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
So defecation rate Fmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Fmax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 4,
The unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Due under different foraging ecologies defecation can in energy of always ingesting proportion it is relatively small, most suitable water of ingesting
Regression relation between the defecation rate Fopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of flat lower fine-scaled graphite can also be estimated are as follows:
Fopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 5,
The unit of Fopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
4, submodel is drained:
Regression relation between the excretion rate U and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
U=0.0576C-0.0032,
N=45, R2=0.9911, P < 0.001；
The unit of U is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
So excretion rate Umax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Umax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 6,
The unit of Umax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Due under different foraging ecologies excretion can in energy of always ingesting proportion it is relatively small, most suitable water of ingesting
Regression relation between the excretion rate Uopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of flat lower fine-scaled graphite can also be estimated are as follows:
Uopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 7,
The unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
5, heat increment submodel:
Using the relationship between specific dynamic action coefficient S DA coefficient estimation heat increment SDA and grazing rate C:
SDA=SDA coefficient × C/100
SDA coefficient=9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W
SDA=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × C/100,
In formula, the unit of SDA is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite, is ingested
The unit of rate C is KJ/fish/d；
So specific dynamic action SDAmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
SDAmax=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × Cmax/100 ,-equation 8,
In formula, the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite,
The unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
6, Standard Metabolism and activity metabolism submodel:
Recurrence between the ratio and foraging ecology RL of the total grazing rate C of Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra Zhan of fine-scaled graphite
Relationship are as follows:
(Rs+Ra)/C=-0.0599RL+0.4947,
N=12, R2=0.7607, P < 0.001,
In formula, the unit of Rs+Ra is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of RL is %/d；
So (Rs+Ra) max of fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
(Rs+Ra) max/Cmax=-0.0599RLmax+0.4947 ,-equation 9,
In formula, the unit of (Rs+Ra) max is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, the unit of RLmax
It is %/d；
7, it grows:
Growth G when fine-scaled graphite ingests unrestricted is calculated by energy budget formula:
G=C-F-U-SDA- (Rs+Ra),
In formula, the unit of G is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of grazing rate C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of defecation rate F is KJ/
Fish/d, the unit of excretion rate U are KJ/fish/d, and the unit of excretion rate U is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of heat increment SDA is KJ/
The unit of fish/d, Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra are KJ/fish/d；
So growth Gmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate can be indicated are as follows:
Gmax=Cmax-Fmax-Umax-SDAmax- (Rs+Ra) max ,-equation 10,
In formula, the unit of Gmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/
The unit of d, Umax are KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, (Rs+Ra)
The unit of max is KJ/fish/d；
Two, most suitable grazing rate model is established:
The most suitable grazing rate Copt of fine-scaled graphite is deformed to obtain by energy budget equation:
Copt=Gopt+Ropt+Fopt+Uopt (equation 11)
In formula, the unit of Copt is KJ/fish/d；Gopt is the growth under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/fish/d；
Ropt is the metabolic rate under most suitable grazing rate, is the sum of the SDA+Rs+Ra under most suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Fopt
It is the defecation rate under most suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Uopt is the excretion rate under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/
fish/d；
The application assumes that growth G of the fine-scaled graphite under most suitable grazing rate and Maximum feed-taking rate is identical, i.e. Gopt=
Gmax, can be in the hope of by equation 10；Ropt=Rmax × 0.60, Rmax are acquired by equation 8 and 9；Fopt is acquired by equation 5；
Uopt is acquired by equation 7；Most suitable grazing rate Copt can be acquired by calculating；
The t days of fine-scaled graphite can value Et=Et-1+Gt, E in formulatUnit be KJ/fish, GtIt is fine-scaled graphite the t-1 days
To growth in the t days, the Gmax that equation 10 acquires was Gt, GtUnit be KJ/fish；
Fine-scaled graphite the t days fish body terminal weight in wet base Wt by the t days can value Et be calculated by equation 1, the t days water
Warm Tt is that in-site measurement obtains；
Three, the t days fish bodies the terminal weight in wet base Wt and the t days water temperature T t obtained according to step 2, repeat step 1 and
Two until feeding feed number of days and terminating；
Four, it feeds the generation of table: above-mentioned all equations is established to the grazing rate model of fine-scaled graphite with computer programming, it is defeated
Enter to cultivate number of days d, water temperature T, fish original body mass W0, dietary protein level Dp and Feed Energy Value Ed by calculating export daily weight
Wt, growth Gt, day maximum food consumption Cmax and most suitable food ration Copt, the dynamic for forming fine-scaled graphite cultivation feed table, Ji Kejing
Day growth rate and Day feeding amount in quasi- prediction fine-scaled graphite breeding production under varying environment, determine that the dynamic of fine-scaled graphite cultivation is fed
Amount.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the temperature of fine-scaled graphite cultivation is low
In 22 DEG C and it is higher than 6 DEG C.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: fine-scaled graphite cultivation density is lower than
20kg/m3.It is other identical as specific embodiment one and two.
Specific embodiment 4: present embodiment is unlike specific embodiment two: the temperature of fine-scaled graphite cultivation is
15℃.It is other to be identical with embodiment two.
Specific embodiment 5: present embodiment is unlike specific embodiment three: fine-scaled graphite cultivation density is
15kg/m3.It is other to be the same as the specific implementation mode 3.
Verification test:
The verification test of model carries out in the fishing ground of crossing a river of Beijing Huairou area one, and test is in 9 round running water technology Chi Zhongjin
(specification: diameter 2m, depth of water 25cm or so) is carried out in row.
Test point three processing groups, fed respectively according to most suitable grazing rate model Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax in table (table 2),
The feeding volume that most suitable grazing rate Copt (Ropt/Rmax=0.60) He Shi grazing rate lowers 80% i.e. 0.8Copt is fed,
Each processing group sets 3 repetitions.Before on-test, the juvenile fish of 100 tails or so health, every urosome are transferred in each culture pond respectively
Weigh about 50g.During test, water temperature is measured twice daily, and be adjusted accordingly to feeding table, record feeding volume.Second day
Feeding volume is based on the feeding volume that the average temperature of the previous day obtains.2 times (8:00,16:00) are fed by feeding table daily, two
The ratio between secondary feeding volume is 1:1.Flow control is in 0.4~0.5L/S, natural photoperiod.Water quality is monitored during test weekly: DO >
6mg/L, ammonia-N < 0.2mg/L, PH 8.1, nitrite < 0.005mg/L.Test feed selects Beijing Chinese industry science and technology to have
The salmon trout commercial feed of limit company production, wherein dry matter weight content is 93.1%, and the crude protein content in dry matter is
49.9, the crude fat content in dry matter is 11.6%, and feed can be worth for kJ/g.Test period is 29 days.
As a result:
In field test, according to most suitable grazing rate model: weight Wt (g), the day for predicting the fine-scaled graphite of 50g or so are maximum
Grazing rate Cmax (g/fish/d) He Shi grazing rate Copt (g/fish/d), obtain to feed table as shown in table 1,
Table is fed in 1 fine-scaled graphite field experiment of table
From Table 2, it can be seen that maximum group and the most suitable rate of body weight gain for ingesting group of ingesting is not much different in field test, it is all bright
It is aobvious to be higher than a most suitable group rate of body weight gain for downward 20% of ingesting, but the most suitable feed efficiency for ingesting group is highest in three groups.
The result (average value ± standard error) of 2 fine-scaled graphite verification test of table
Note: colleague is different, and alphabetical subscript indicates significant difference (P < 0.05)
Feed conversion rate FERw (%/d)=100 × (Wt-W0)/FI
Wt (g) and W in above-mentioned formula0(g) fish body weight in wet base when respectively indicating off-test and on-test, t are experiment
Number of days, FI (g) are food ration.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of fine-scaled graphite cultivates dynamic quantitative feeding method, it is characterised in that fine-scaled graphite cultivation dynamic quantitative feeding method be by
What following steps carried out:
One, the bioenergetics model of fine-scaled graphite is established:
1, physical efficiency value submodel:
The fish body of fine-scaled graphite can relationship between value Et and water temperature T and weight W:
LnEt=1.0012+1.2070 × lnw-0.0002 × T2- 0.0021 × T × lnw ,-equation 1,
The unit of Et is KJ/fish in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
2, grazing rate submodel:
Relationship between the Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax and water temperature T and weight W of fine-scaled graphite:
LnCmax=-6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2- 0.016 × T × lnW ,-equation 2,
The unit of Cmax is g/fish/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
The maximum foraging ecology RLmax of fine-scaled graphite is indicated are as follows:
RLmax=100 × Exp (- 6.828+1.160 × lnW+0.373 × T-0.009 × T2- 0.016 × T × lnW)/W ,-side
Journey 3,
The unit of RLmax is %/d in formula, and the unit of T is DEG C that the unit of W is g；
3, defecation submodel:
Relationship between the defecation rate F and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
F=0.3247C-0.1506,
The unit of F is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
So defecation rate Fmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate is indicated are as follows:
Fmax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 4,
The unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Relationship under most suitable foraging ecology between the defecation rate Fopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of fine-scaled graphite are as follows:
Fopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 5,
The unit of Fopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
4, submodel is drained:
Relationship between the excretion rate U and grazing rate C of fine-scaled graphite:
U=0.0576C-0.0032,
The unit of U is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d；
Excretion rate Umax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate is indicated are as follows:
Umax=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 6,
The unit of Umax is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
Relationship under most suitable foraging ecology between the excretion rate Uopt and Maximum feed-taking rate Cmax of fine-scaled graphite are as follows:
Uopt=0.3247Cmax-0.1506 ,-equation 7,
The unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d in formula, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d；
5, heat increment submodel:
Using the relationship between specific dynamic action coefficient S DA coefficient estimation heat increment SDA and grazing rate C:
SDA=SDA coefficient × C/100
SDA coefficient=9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W
SDA=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × C/100,
In formula, the unit of SDA is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite, grazing rate C's
Unit is KJ/fish/d；
Specific dynamic action SDAmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate is indicated are as follows:
SDAmax=(9.03+0.0502 × Dp-0.0541W) × Cmax/100 ,-equation 8,
In formula, the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, and Dp is that the protein content %, W of feed are the weight g of fine-scaled graphite, Cmax's
Unit is KJ/fish/d；
6, Standard Metabolism and activity metabolism submodel:
Relationship between the ratio and foraging ecology RL of the total grazing rate C of Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra Zhan of fine-scaled graphite are as follows:
(Rs+Ra)/C=-0.0599RL+0.4947,
In formula, the unit of Rs+Ra is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of RL is %/d；
(Rs+Ra) max of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate is indicated are as follows:
(Rs+Ra) max/Cmax=-0.0599RLmax+0.4947 ,-equation 9,
In formula, the unit of (Rs+Ra) max is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of RLmax is %/d；
7, it grows:
Growth G when fine-scaled graphite ingests unrestricted is calculated by energy budget formula:
G=C-F-U-SDA- (Rs+Ra),
In formula, the unit of G is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of grazing rate C is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of defecation rate F is KJ/fish/
D, the unit of excretion rate U are KJ/fish/d, and the unit of excretion rate U is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of heat increment SDA is KJ/fish/
The unit of d, Standard Metabolism Rs and activity metabolism Ra are KJ/fish/d；
Growth Gmax of the fine-scaled graphite under Maximum feed-taking rate is indicated are as follows:
Gmax=Cmax-Fmax-Umax-SDAmax- (Rs+Ra) max ,-equation 10,
In formula, the unit of Gmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Cmax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Fmax is KJ/fish/d,
The unit of Umax is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of Uopt is KJ/fish/d, and the unit of SDAmax is KJ/fish/d, (Rs+Ra)
The unit of max is KJ/fish/d；
Two, most suitable grazing rate model is established:
The most suitable grazing rate Copt of fine-scaled graphite is deformed to obtain by energy budget equation:
Copt=Gopt+Ropt+Fopt+Uopt-equation 11
In formula, the unit of Copt is KJ/fish/d；Gopt is the growth under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/fish/d；Ropt
It is the metabolic rate under most suitable grazing rate, is the sum of the SDA+Rs+Ra under most suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Fopt is most
Defecation rate under suitable grazing rate, unit is KJ/fish/d；Uopt is the excretion rate under most suitable grazing rate, and unit is KJ/fish/
d；
Assuming that growth G of the fine-scaled graphite under most suitable grazing rate and Maximum feed-taking rate is identical, i.e. Gopt=Gmax, by equation 10
It can be in the hope of；Ropt=Rmax × 0.60, Rmax are acquired by equation 8 and 9；Fopt is acquired by equation 5；Uopt is acquired by equation 7；
Most suitable grazing rate Copt can be acquired by calculating；
The t days of fine-scaled graphite can value Et=Et-1+Gt, E in formulatUnit be KJ/fish, GtIt is fine-scaled graphite the t-1 days to t
It growth, the Gmax that equation 10 acquires are Gt, GtUnit be KJ/fish；
Fine-scaled graphite the t days fish body terminal weight in wet base Wt by the t days can value Et be calculated by equation 1, the t days water temperature T t
It is that in-site measurement obtains；
Three, the t days fish bodies the terminal weight in wet base Wt and the t days water temperature T t obtained according to step 2, repeat step 1 and two to
Until feeding feed number of days and terminating；
Four, it feeds the generation of table: above-mentioned all equations is established to the grazing rate model of fine-scaled graphite with computer programming, input is supported
Grow number of days d, water temperature T, fish original body mass W0, dietary protein level Dp and Feed Energy Value Ed, by calculating, the t days fish body ends
Last weight in wet base Wt, growth Gt, day maximum food consumption Cmax and most suitable food ration Copt, the dynamic for forming fine-scaled graphite cultivation feed table,
It can precisely predict day growth rate and the Day feeding amount in fine-scaled graphite breeding production under varying environment, determine the dynamic of fine-scaled graphite cultivation
State feeding volume.
2. a kind of fine-scaled graphite according to claim 1 cultivates dynamic quantitative feeding method, it is characterised in that fine-scaled graphite cultivation
Temperature lower than 22 DEG C and be higher than 6 DEG C.
3. a kind of fine-scaled graphite according to claim 1 cultivates dynamic quantitative feeding method, it is characterised in that fine-scaled graphite cultivation
Density is lower than 20kg/m3。
4. a kind of fine-scaled graphite according to claim 2 cultivates dynamic quantitative feeding method, it is characterised in that fine-scaled graphite cultivation
Temperature be 15 DEG C.
5. a kind of fine-scaled graphite according to claim 3 cultivates dynamic quantitative feeding method, it is characterised in that fine-scaled graphite cultivation
Density is 15kg/m3。
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