CN106290183B - Snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance - Google Patents
Snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106290183B CN106290183B CN201610583988.8A CN201610583988A CN106290183B CN 106290183 B CN106290183 B CN 106290183B CN 201610583988 A CN201610583988 A CN 201610583988A CN 106290183 B CN106290183 B CN 106290183B
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- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical group [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3155—Measuring in two spectral ranges, e.g. UV and visible
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Abstract
The snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance that the present invention relates to a kind of, technical characteristics are the following steps are included: measurement standard snow core state parameter data and establishing the regression fit equation of standard snow core state parameter；The spectral reflectance of snowberg on in-site measurement electric transmission line isolator, and water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow core to be measured are obtained according to regression fit equation model.The present invention is by establishing the fit equations of the state parameters such as the spectral reflectance of standard snow core and the water content of snow, bulk density and partial size, form database, and pass through the spectral reflectance of snow core on measure field transmission line of electricity and insulator, it is fitted water content, bulk density and the partial size avenged, realize the telemeasurement function of the state parameter to the snowberg on operation insulator far from ground, the snowberg state of electric transmission line isolator can be understood rapidly, provide important references for the anti-snowberg of route and its flashover work.
Description
Technical field
Invention belongs to transmission line of electricity technical field, especially a kind of snow state parameter measurement side based on spectral reflectance
Method.
Background technique
With the in-depth of China's structural transformation of the economy, the output value of the high-grade, precision and advanced industry of high added value increases year by year, these industries
Power quality and power supply reliability are required very high.And China's topography and geomorphology is complicated, microclimate condition is multiple, leads to power transmission line
Road covering ice for insulator snow, is greatly reduced dielectric strength, induces insulator arc-over accident, causes a wide range of power outages accident and economic damage
It loses.To avoid transmission system by complicated weather environment, such as the influence of ice and snow natural calamity, needs to carry out relevant issues and grind
Study carefully, proposes corresponding means of prevention.
It is believed that when electric transmission line isolator icing type is glaze, flashover voltage is minimum for research both at home and abroad at present, because
And probability of flashover is maximum.However under special weather conditions, the flashover that snowberg causes is also frequent occurrence.Transmission line of electricity snowberg dodges
Network accident advances the process of insulator snowberg flashover mechanism study, may cause snowberg the bridge joint full skirt, internal layer of flashover factor
Snowberg morphologic change etc. is concerned under the conditions of thawing icing or special climate.External correlation scholar has been found that different conditions
Snow, leakage current development process, local arc distribution and flashover process have significant difference.The very low snow of water content, i.e., dry snow,
Snow bulk resistor is big, and leakage current is small, and the Joule heat of generation is insufficient to allow snow body to melt, and the state of insulator remains unchanged, thus
Flashover voltage is high；And high-moisture is avenged, i.e. snow slush, snow-broth mixture therein is flowed along the full skirt of insulator, is substantially dropped
Low insulation resistance makes insulator electric field generate distortion, and then generates local arc, is finally developed to full string flashover, thus flashover
Voltage is low, and flashover is dangerous big.Therefore, the measurement of the state parameter of insulator snowberg is the base of the anti-snowberg in scene and its flashover work
Plinth.
Since super-pressure and extra-high voltage insulator are erected on the power transmission tower far from ground, terrain clearance at 20 meters or more,
It is effectively distinguished with the snow being visually difficult to different conditions, and in order to reduce the influence to normal power supply, it can not have a power failure to exhausted
Snowberg on edge is sampled directly to measure.In order to make fortune inspection personnel accurately and timely grasp the snowberg of electric transmission line isolator
Situation, there is an urgent need to the state parameters to snow to carry out telemeasurement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of snow state parameter based on spectral reflectance
Measurement method solves the problems, such as to carry out telemeasurement to electric transmission line isolator snowberg state.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
A kind of snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, measurement standard snow core state parameter data and the regression fit equation for establishing standard snow core state parameter；
The spectral reflectance of snowberg in step 2, in-site measurement electric transmission line isolator, and according to regression fit equation model
Obtain water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow core to be measured.
The processing method of the step 1 are as follows:
(1) it is 45 degree that spectrometer reception optical fiber probe, which keeps the angle of incident light and reflected light and normal, fiber-optic probe
Azimuth is 180 degree；
(2) spectrometer is opened, adjust and sets instrument；
(3) make sample with standard reflection blank, obtain the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm of blank, as benchmark, be denoted as
A0；
(4) use standard snow core to be measured as sample, obtain the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm of snow core, be denoted as Ai；
(5) the standard reflection of snow core is obtained than array, is denoted as Ri, then
(6) measurement obtains the bulk density and partial size of snow core；
(7) R is used respectivelyiThe data of middle characteristic light spectral coverage establish the regression fit side between the water content of snow, bulk density and partial size
Journey, the fit equation are as follows:
Wc=A1Ra+B1
Vd=A2Rb+B2
Dp=A3Rc+B3
In formula: Wc、VdAnd DpIt is water content, bulk density and the partial size of standard snow core respectively.A1、A2、A3、B1、B2And B3It is normal
Number, is the undetermined coefficient of fit equation, R respectivelya、RbAnd RcIt is the corresponding characteristic light of fit equation of three kinds of state parameters respectively
The standard reflection ratio of spectral coverage.
The standard snow core state parameter database includes following three kinds of state parameters: water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow.
Four kinds of standard snow cores are respectively as follows: dry snow, tide snow, snow slush and water-wet snow, and the dry snow snow core is natural sampling
Pure snow；The tide snow is the pure snow+20g water of 200g, is avenged with viscosity and for unfashioned shot；The snow slush is 230g
Pure snow+120g water has compared with high viscosity and forming is placed in the vessel；The water-wet snow is the pure snow+210g water of 280g, is
Slush state.
The step 2 method particularly includes:
(1) spectrometer reception optical fiber probe is directed toward the snowberg on insulator to be measured, measures its spectral intensity values, and
The angle of incidence of sunlight of measurement at this time, spectrometer receive optical detection angle and azimuth；The wave-length coverage that spectrometer can detect is wanted
It asks as 400nm~1400nm；
(2) standard reflection blank is used, the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm are measured, as benchmark；
(3) the spectral reflectance curve to 400~1400nm of snow survey body is obtained, by the data of certain spectral, substitutes into fitting side
Journey, and then obtain the water content to snow survey body, bulk density and partial size state parameter.
The standard reflection blank is barium sulfate blank.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is by establishing the state parameters such as the spectral reflectance of standard snow core and the water content of snow, bulk density and partial size
Fit equation forms database, and by the spectral reflectance of snow core on measure field transmission line of electricity and insulator, fitting is obtained
Water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow complete the state parameter to snow so as to form the measurement procedure of complete set and standard
Research, realize the telemeasurement function of the state parameter to the snowberg far from ground on operation insulator, can
The snowberg state of electric transmission line isolator is understood rapidly, provides important references for the anti-snowberg of route and its flashover work.The present invention
As the measurement procedure of complete set and standard, what the different degrees of ice and snow weather in different regions snowed state parameter can be instructed
Measurement can make scene fortune inspection personnel accurately and timely grasp the snowberg situation of electric transmission line isolator.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of the measure spectrum reflection ratio method of invention；
Snow body in figure, when sample can be standard snow core, standard reflection blank or in-site measurement.
Specific embodiment
Inventive embodiments are further described below in conjunction with attached drawing:
A kind of snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, measurement standard snow core state parameter data and the regression fit equation for establishing standard snow core state parameter.
In this step, the database for needing to establish standard snow core state parameter, measure the snow of four kinds of states 400~
The data of the spectral reflectance of 1400nm.The snow of four kinds of states is prepared according to the different proportion of dry snow and water, respectively dry snow, tide
Snow, snow slush and water-wet snow.Dry snow core product are the pure snow of natural sampling, and tide snow is the pure snow+20g water of 200g, slightly have viscosity, but
It is still unfashioned shot snow.Snow slush is the pure snow+120g water of 230g, and viscosity is higher, and sample, which is placed in the vessel, to be shaped.Water
Snow slush is the pure snow+210g water of 280g, and the thawing degree of sample snow is higher, at slush state.Four kinds of state parameters are measured respectively
Spectral reflectance, bulk density and the partial size of snow, Fig. 1 give the schematic diagram of spectral reflectance ratio measuring method.
The concrete processing procedure of this step is as follows:
(1) keeping the angle of incident light and reflected light and normal is 45 degree, and the azimuth of fiber-optic probe is 180 degree, i.e.,
The direction that face incidence light emission is come；
(2) spectrometer is opened, adjusts and sets instrument；
(3) make sample with standard reflection blank (recommending barium sulfate blank), the spectrum for obtaining 400~1400nm of blank is strong
Angle value is denoted as A as benchmark0；
(4) it uses standard snow core to be measured as sample, obtains the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm of snow core, be denoted as Ai；
(5) standard reflection of snow core is obtained than array, is denoted as Ri, then
(6) measurement obtains the bulk density and partial size of snow core；
(7) R is used respectivelyiThe data of middle characteristic light spectral coverage establish the regression fit between the water content of snow, bulk density and partial size
Equation, the fit equation are as follows:
Wc=A1Ra+B1
Vd=A2Rb+B2
Dp=A3Rc+B3
In formula: Wc、VdAnd DpIt is water content, bulk density and the partial size of standard snow core respectively.A1、A2、A3、B1、B2And B3It is normal
Number, is the undetermined coefficient of fit equation, R respectivelya、RbAnd RcIt is the corresponding characteristic light of fit equation of three kinds of state parameters respectively
The standard reflection ratio of spectral coverage.Since the corresponding spectral absorption peak position of different parameters is different, which is had differences.
The spectral reflectance of snowberg in step 2, in-site measurement electric transmission line isolator, and according to regression fit equation model
Obtain water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow core to be measured.
The measurement method of this step is similar with step 1, obtains the spectral reflectance S of electric transmission line isolator snowi, specifically
Process is as follows:
(1) when measuring at the scene, spectrometer reception optical fiber probe is directed toward the snowberg on insulator to be measured, measures it
Spectral intensity values, and angle of incidence of sunlight at this time is measured, spectrometer receives optical detection angle and azimuth.Spectrometer can detect
Wave-length coverage require be at least 400nm~1400nm.
(2) standard reflection blank is used, the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm are measured, as benchmark.It is recommended that setting optics
System parameter is consistent when snowberg on measurement insulator, i.e., incidence angle, angle of reflection and azimuth are all the same.
(3) the spectral reflectance curve to 400~1400nm of snow survey body is obtained, to the data of certain spectral, substitutes into step 1
Obtained in fit equation, and then obtain the state parameters such as the water content to snow survey body, bulk density and partial size.
The on-site measurement visibility of influence due to to(for) measurement accuracy, when the present invention measures at the scene, need
Weather is fine and in the case where hazing, and carries out measurement work respectively,
It is emphasized that invention the embodiment described be it is illustrative, without being restrictive, because the invention include simultaneously
It is not limited to embodiment described in specific embodiment, it is all to be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the technical solution of invention
Other embodiments also belong to the range of invention protection.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of snow state parameter measurement method based on spectral reflectance, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step 1, measurement standard snow core state parameter data and the regression fit equation for establishing standard snow core state parameter；The step
Specific processing method are as follows:
(1) it is 45 degree that spectrometer reception optical fiber probe, which keeps the angle of incident light and reflected light and normal, the orientation of fiber-optic probe
Angle is 180 degree；
(2) spectrometer is opened, adjust and sets instrument；
(3) make sample with standard reflection blank, obtain the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm of blank, as benchmark, be denoted as A0；
(4) use standard snow core to be measured as sample, obtain the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm of snow core, be denoted as Ai；
(5) the standard reflection of snow core is obtained than array, is denoted as Ri, then
(6) measurement obtains water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow core；
(7) R is used respectivelyiThe data of middle characteristic light spectral coverage establish the regression fit equation between the water content of snow core, bulk density and partial size,
The fit equation is as follows:
Wc=A1Ra+B1
Vd=A2Rb+B2
Dp=A3Rc+B3
In formula: Wc、VdAnd DpIt is water content, bulk density and the partial size of standard snow core, A respectively1、A2、A3、B1、B2And B3It is constant, point
It is not the undetermined coefficient of fit equation, Ra、RbAnd RcIt is the corresponding characteristic light spectral coverage of fit equation of three kinds of state parameters respectively
Standard reflection ratio；
The spectral reflectance of snowberg in step 2, in-site measurement electric transmission line isolator, and obtained according to regression fit equation model
Water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow core to be measured.
2. the snow state parameter measurement method according to claim 1 based on spectral reflectance, it is characterised in that: the mark
Quasi- snow core state parameter database includes following three kinds of state parameters: water content, bulk density and the partial size of snow.
3. the snow state parameter measurement method according to claim 2 based on spectral reflectance, it is characterised in that: the mark
Quasi- snow core is divided into following four: dry snow, tide snow, snow slush and water-wet snow, and the dry snow snow core is the pure snow of natural sampling；The tide
Snow is the pure snow+20g water of 200g, is avenged with viscosity and for unfashioned shot；The snow slush is the pure snow+120g water of 230g,
It has compared with high viscosity and forming is placed in the vessel；The water-wet snow is the pure snow+210g water of 280g, is slush state.
4. the snow state parameter measurement method according to claim 1 based on spectral reflectance, it is characterised in that: the step
Rapid 2 method particularly includes:
(1) spectrometer reception optical fiber probe is directed toward the snowberg on insulator to be measured, measures its spectral intensity values, and measure
Angle of incidence of sunlight at this time, spectrometer receive optical detection angle and azimuth；The wave-length coverage that spectrometer can detect requires
400nm~1400nm；
(2) standard reflection blank is used, the spectral intensity values of 400~1400nm are measured, as benchmark；
(3) the spectral reflectance curve to 400~1400nm of snow survey body is obtained, by the data of certain spectral, substitutes into fit equation,
And then obtain the water content to snow survey body, bulk density and partial size state parameter.
5. the snow state parameter measurement method according to claim 1 or 4 based on spectral reflectance, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating standard reflection blank is barium sulfate blank.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104007443A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-27 | 南京大学 | Method for extracting polar region sea ice melting tank by utilizing spectral feature |
| US8873062B2 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-10-28 | Jeffrey Scott Adler | Reflective material sensor |
| CN105116464A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 南京大学 | Polar sea ice melting pool extraction method based on neural network model |
| CN105651761A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-06-08 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Icing salt measurement method and apparatus thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8873062B2 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-10-28 | Jeffrey Scott Adler | Reflective material sensor |
| CN104007443A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-27 | 南京大学 | Method for extracting polar region sea ice melting tank by utilizing spectral feature |
| CN105116464A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 南京大学 | Polar sea ice melting pool extraction method based on neural network model |
| CN105651761A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-06-08 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Icing salt measurement method and apparatus thereof |
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| Title |
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| 输电线路导线覆冰模拟计算与试验研究;刘胜春 等;《中国电机工程学报》;20141120;第246-255页 * |
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