CN103901329B - Method for determining corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of high-voltage electrical equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the ultraviolet detection sensitivity of corona discharge of high-voltage electrical equipment, which mainly comprises the following steps: simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun, and formulating a detection sensitivity standard; the electronic ignition gun is improved; and testing by using an improved electronic ignition gun to set detection sensitivity. The method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment can overcome the defects of high operation difficulty, poor accuracy, low reliability and the like in the prior art, and has the advantages of low operation difficulty, high accuracy and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage electrical equipment detection, in particular to a method for determining corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of high-voltage electrical equipment.
Background
With the continuous and rapid development of national economy, the scale of the power grid is rapidly enlarged. At present, both installed capacity and annual energy generation of China are in the top of the world. The high-voltage electrical equipment is used as an important component of power grid equipment, and the operation condition of the high-voltage electrical equipment is directly related to the safety and stability of a power grid. According to statistics, the lightning damage accident accounts for the first of all accidents of high-voltage electrical equipment, and is followed by an insulation accident. Insulation accidents generally occur in a large area and at multiple points, and the related effects occur in the surrounding areas of dozens or even hundreds of square kilometers. The insulation is difficult to recover after an accident causes a trip. This in turn often leads to extended accidents and long power outages. Therefore, it is very necessary to detect the predictability of the high-voltage electrical equipment before an insulation accident occurs.
High-voltage electrical equipment often uses gas as an insulating medium. When the applied voltage in the gas gap is increased to a certain value, the current suddenly increases, so that the gas loses the insulating property. In the above process, the partial or total loss of the insulating ability of the gas is called discharge. In very inhomogeneous electric fields where the radius of curvature of the electrodes is small or the distance between the electrodes is very large, discharges occur near the electrodes of large curvature, where a thin luminescent layer around the electrodes can be seen in the dark, somewhat like a "mooncake", and is therefore defined as corona discharge. Before an insulation accident, insulation is damaged, and once the insulation is damaged, discharge of different degrees is generated. Because of the particularity of high-voltage electrical equipment, an insulation accident is likely to be accompanied by corona discharge. The predictive detection of the high-voltage electrical equipment before an insulation accident can be realized by observing and measuring the corona discharge.
When the equipment generates corona discharge, the air radiates light waves and sound waves due to ionization, and ozone, ultraviolet rays, trace nitric acid and the like are also contained. Therefore, the purpose of detecting the corona discharge can be achieved by observing and measuring the ultraviolet rays generated during the corona discharge. However, the ratio of visible light and ultraviolet light generated by corona discharge is relatively small, which is not easily found by naked eyes and general instruments, and since the ultraviolet light of sunlight is very strong and the ultraviolet light generated by corona discharge is relatively weak, the former completely masks the latter. Therefore, the weak ultraviolet rays generated by corona discharge are difficult to detect without night environment and using special techniques. Therefore, an instrument for detecting corona discharge based on an ultraviolet imaging technology is produced, and is called an ultraviolet detector for short.
The working principle of the ultraviolet detector is as follows: firstly, the light rays input by the spectroscope are separated into two parts, wherein one part forms a visible light image, the other part only keeps the ultraviolet part after being filtered by ultraviolet light, and the ultraviolet image with high definition can be obtained on a CCD (charge coupled device) plate after being processed by an amplifier. And finally, overlapping the ultraviolet light image and the visible light image through a special image processing technology to form a composite image. By analyzing and judging the ultraviolet spectrum of the equipment, the corona discharge condition of the equipment can be judged.
Any detection method has a sensitivity standard, and if the sensitivity standard is higher than the sensitivity standard, the detection method can be judged to be out of limits, and corresponding measures must be taken; below this criterion, no anomaly may be considered. When ultraviolet detection is carried out on corona discharge of high-voltage electrical equipment, the photon number acquired by a measuring instrument is a numerical value which is proportional to the total amount of ultraviolet photons, is a dynamic numerical value which continuously changes in a certain range, and is a representation of quantized discharge intensity. Therefore, the discharge intensity can be theoretically determined by the magnitude of the number of photons. At present, when an ultraviolet detector is used for corona discharge detection at home and abroad, the discharge intensity is roughly judged by mainly observing a discharge image under the setting of specific gain and a threshold value and reading the numerical value of photons. For example, for a certain detection, the gain may be set to 30% and the threshold to 50%, and if a stable ultraviolet image is obtained on the instrument display screen and the number of photons is greater than a certain value, it can be determined that there is abnormal discharge.
Because the corona discharge intensity of the high-voltage equipment is greatly influenced by factors such as air pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, rain and snow weather and the like, the discharge image and photon number value of the high-voltage equipment can change along with the change of the factors, and the judgment of the discharge intensity is inaccurate only by virtue of a sensitivity standard established according to the experience of detection personnel. For example: carrying out on-site detection on a certain discharge point, and formulating a sensitivity standard according to the experience of detection personnel: gain 25%, threshold 40%, photon count 50; the number of photons measured in dry weather in sunny days is about 40, but the number of photons measured in wet weather in cloudy days can reach 300, so that two completely different results can be obtained by detecting the same discharge point due to weather factors, and the reliability of the detection conclusion cannot be guaranteed.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art at least has the defects of high operation difficulty, poor accuracy, low reliability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of high-voltage electrical equipment aiming at the problems so as to realize the advantages of small operation difficulty, good accuracy and high reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for determining ultraviolet detection sensitivity of corona discharge of high-voltage electrical equipment mainly comprises the following steps:
a. simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun, and formulating a detection sensitivity standard;
b. the electronic ignition gun is improved;
c. and testing by using an improved electronic ignition gun to set detection sensitivity.
Further, in step a, the operation of simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun specifically includes:
the electronic ignition gun comprises a gun-shaped shell, an ignition rod and an ignition electrode which are arranged on a gun barrel part of the gun-shaped shell and are insulated from each other, and an oscillator, a high-voltage rectification circuit, a booster and a power supply battery which are arranged on a gun handle part of the gun-shaped shell in a matching way and are connected in sequence; under the combined action of the oscillator, the high-voltage rectifying circuit and the booster, direct current generated by the power supply battery is converted into high-voltage pulse current, namely voltage reaches 20kV, the high-voltage pulse current can break down air, and continuous instant electric sparks, namely spark discharge, are generated through the ignition rod and the ignition electrode.
Further, in step b, the performing of the improved operation on the electronic ignition gun specifically includes:
⑴ processing the end of the ignition rod near the ignition electrode into a cylinder structure with a diameter larger than the ignition rod body, wherein the ignition rod body and the end are in arc transition structure to increase the distance between the ignition rod cylinder end and the ignition electrode to increase the number of discharge electrodes;
⑵ the end of the firing electrode is machined to a tapered configuration that reduces the radius of curvature of the firing electrode.
Further, in step c, the operation of performing a test by using the improved electronic ignition gun specifically includes:
firstly, testing the discharge form of the improved electronic ignition gun to ensure reliable discharge;
secondly, the corona discharge condition of the improved electronic ignition gun is tested under an ultraviolet imager, so that the synthetic image is still clear, and the ultraviolet image at the discharge point is dynamic and vivid.
Further, in step c, the operation of formulating the detection sensitivity specifically includes:
⑴ measuring and recording the on-site detection conditions including temperature, humidity, weather, altitude, wind speed and air pressure;
⑵, selecting proper photon number X1 according to the judgment standard, placing the electronic ignition gun at a distance of 5-15 meters from the ultraviolet detector, opening the ignition gun to generate continuous corona discharge, observing in the display screen of the ultraviolet detector, repeatedly adjusting the gain and the threshold to make the ultraviolet image discharged by the ignition gun just disappear when the photon number is basically stable and fluctuates within the error range of +/-5, recording the gain, the threshold and the photon number average value delta X at the moment, calculating the sum of X1 and delta X and defining the sum as the photon number and value Xn, and taking the parameters comprising the gain, the threshold, the photon number and value and the selected focal length as standard sensitivity parameters;
⑶ according to the requirement of on-site detection, the parameter gain parameter of standard sensitivity is properly increased, and the focal length is adjusted according to the situation, the threshold value and the photon number are kept unchanged, and the adjusted parameter is used as the detection sensitivity.
The method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment in each embodiment of the invention mainly comprises the following steps: simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun, and formulating a detection sensitivity standard; the electronic ignition gun is improved; testing by using an improved electronic ignition gun to formulate the detection sensitivity; the discharge form can be changed by increasing the distance between the discharge electrodes and changing the shape of the electrodes, so that the simple and safe simulation of corona discharge is realized; therefore, the defects of high operation difficulty, poor accuracy and low reliability in the prior art can be overcome, and the advantages of low operation difficulty, high accuracy and high reliability can be realized.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional electronic ignition gun;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic ignition gun in the method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
The reference numbers in the embodiments of the present invention are as follows, in combination with the accompanying drawings:
1-an ignition rod; 2-ignition electrode.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
In order to solve the problem that the detection result is unreliable due to the sensitivity standard determined by the existing method, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of high-voltage electrical equipment, which is used for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity standard of the high-voltage electrical equipment. The method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment is not influenced by factors such as air pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, rain and snow weather and the like, and can realize accurate formulation of field detection sensitivity standards.
The method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun to further establish an assumption of a detection sensitivity standard, namely simulating corona discharge by using the electronic ignition gun to carry out experimental research;
in step 1, because the conditions for generating corona discharge of the high-voltage electrical equipment are quite harsh, the simulation of the corona discharge is not easy to realize in reality, and the simulation equipment has high safety factor and high manufacturing cost. From the theory of discharge of high voltage devices we know that the discharge of high voltage devices may be glow discharge, arc discharge, spark discharge, corona discharge, brush discharge, etc. In any type of discharge, air ionization occurs, and as long as air ionization occurs, light waves and sound waves, including ultraviolet rays, are radiated, and in the presence of ultraviolet rays, discharge can be detected by an ultraviolet detector, and a test for detection sensitivity can be performed using the discharge. Therefore, our simulation experiments can be carried out by simulating other types of discharges (e.g., spark discharges).
The electronic ignition gun (pulse igniter) is an electronic product which utilizes the pulse principle to produce continuous instantaneous electric spark so as to ignite the flame of gas appliance. The device mainly comprises an oscillator, a high-voltage rectifying circuit and a booster, and under the combined action of the oscillator, the high-voltage rectifying circuit and the booster, direct current generated by a battery can be converted into high-voltage pulse current (the voltage can reach 20kV), and the high-voltage pulse current can break down air to generate continuous and instant electric sparks (namely spark discharge).
Because the spark discharge of the electronic ignition gun and the corona discharge of the high-voltage equipment have similarity and the realization process is simple and reliable, the corona discharge can be simulated by adopting the electronic ignition gun, so that the requirement of experimental research of ultraviolet detection is met.
Step 2: the structure of the electronic ignition gun is improved to generate corona discharge, so that the simulation detection used when the sensitivity standard is established can be closer to the actual detection; namely, the electronic ignition gun is modified to realize the simulation of corona discharge;
in step 2, although the spark discharge generated by the electronic ignition gun can simply simulate the corona discharge of the high-voltage equipment, since the spark discharge is the discharge after the air is broken down, the discharge voltage is much higher than the corona discharge voltage, and the proportion of ultraviolet rays generated during the discharge is relatively high, the simulation test is not very demanding, and the accuracy is naturally not high if the method is adopted in the establishment of the on-site detection sensitivity standard. Therefore, new analog discharge devices or modifications to the electronic ignition gun must be selected to meet the requirements.
The discharge pattern of the high voltage device is related to the applied voltage, the electrode spacing and the electrode profile (curvature). The electrode voltage of the electronic ignition gun is about 20kV and cannot be changed, and the requirement of simulating corona discharge can be met only by redesigning the electrode spacing and the appearance of the electronic ignition gun. Therefore, the electronic ignition gun is improved on the basis of the original design (as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2) as follows:
⑴ redesign and process the ignition rod (such as ignition rod 1), and increase the distance between two discharge electrodes (the cylindrical end surface of the ignition rod and the ignition electrode);
⑵ the overall dimensions of the ignition electrode (such as ignition electrode 2) are redesigned to reduce the radius of curvature of the ignition electrode;
⑶ the improved electronic ignition gun is tested, and the ultraviolet detection sensitivity standard is established after the test result meets the expected requirement.
And step 3: testing the improved electronic ignition gun and formulating detection sensitivity;
firstly, the discharge form of the improved electronic ignition gun is tested, and the result shows that the original macroscopic spark discharge is replaced by invisible corona discharge, so that the discharge is stable and reliable; secondly, the corona discharge condition of the improved electronic ignition gun is tested under an ultraviolet imager, and the synthetic image is still clear, and the ultraviolet image at the discharge point is dynamic and vivid.
The ultraviolet detection sensitivity was established using the improved electronic ignition gun as a simulated corona discharge point, and the specific contents are shown in table 1.
Table 1: high-voltage equipment corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity parameter
In the above embodiment, the sensitivity formulation method is as follows:
⑴ measuring and recording the temperature, humidity, weather, altitude, wind speed, air pressure and other on-site detection conditions;
⑵ selecting proper photon number X1 according to judgment standard (for example, if the photon number is more than 30 is abnormal in a certain detection, X1 is equal to 30), placing the electronic ignition gun at a position 5-15 m away from the ultraviolet detector, opening the ignition gun to generate continuous corona discharge, observing in the display screen of the ultraviolet detector, when the photon number is basically stable and fluctuates in a small range (generally not more than +/-5), repeatedly adjusting the gain and the threshold to make the ultraviolet image discharged by the ignition gun disappear, recording the gain, the threshold and the average value Delta X of the photon number at the moment, calculating the sum of X1 and Delta X and defining the sum as the photon number and Xn, and taking the parameters (gain, threshold, photon number and Xn) and the selected focal length (generally 1 time) as standard sensitivity parameters;
⑶ according to the field detection needs to properly improve the standard sensitivity parameter gain (generally 10%) parameters, and according to the situation to adjust the focal length (large-scale scanning can select 0.5 times, otherwise can select 1 time, 2 times, 4 times), the threshold and photon number should remain unchanged, the above adjusted parameters are used as the inspection sensitivity.
The inspection sensitivity is established for convenience of inspection and improvement of the detection rate, and the standard sensitivity is used as a unique reference for judging the discharge intensity. During actual detection, when discharge needs to be judged, the instrument parameters are reduced to the standard sensitivity, at the moment, if the number of photons displayed by the instrument is greater than the sum of the number of photons and the value Xn, standard discharge is determined, otherwise, standard discharge is determined.
The method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment has the following characteristics:
⑴ when high voltage electric equipment corona discharge ultraviolet detection is carried out under a certain specific condition (weather, environmental factors), the detection sensitivity is determined by setting instrument parameters (including gain, threshold value and focal length) and defining photon number and value, thereby realizing reliable detection;
⑵ the transformation from spark discharge to corona discharge is realized by the improved design of the ignition rod and the ignition electrode structure of the electronic ignition gun, and the simulation research on the corona discharge can be carried out.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example one
Referring to table 2, ultraviolet detection is performed on high-voltage equipment of a 750kV substation in clear weather.
Table 2: high-voltage equipment ultraviolet detection sensitivity parameter
Wherein, X1 is 35, Δ X is 5, Xn is 40, and the detection shows that 1 part is abnormal discharge, which is proved to be caused by mistakenly left iron wires when the equipment is installed.
Example two
Referring to table 3, uv testing was performed on 750kV substation high voltage equipment on cloudy days.
Table 3: high-voltage equipment ultraviolet detection sensitivity parameter
Wherein, X1 is 35, Δ X is 15, Xn is 50, 2 abnormal discharges are detected, which is proved to be caused by too close distance between the drainage wire and the bus.
Example three
Referring to table 4, uv testing was performed on 750kV substation high voltage equipment after rain.
Table 4: high-voltage equipment ultraviolet detection sensitivity parameter
Wherein, X1 is 35, Δ X is 50, Xn is 85, and the abnormal discharge at 1 position is detected, which is proved to be caused by the cracking of the sheath of the lead.
In summary, the method for determining the corona discharge ultraviolet detection sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to the embodiments of the present invention improves the structure of the electronic ignition gun, and changes the discharge form by increasing the inter-electrode distance of the discharge electrode and changing the shape of the electrode, thereby realizing simple and safe simulation of corona discharge; according to the field simulation of the device, instrument parameters (including gain, threshold, focal length, photon number and value) are repaired again, the ultraviolet detection of corona discharge of high-voltage electrical equipment under any detection conditions (weather and environmental factors) except rain and snow can be completed, the detection process is simple, convenient and safe, and the result is accurate and reliable. Compared with the prior art, the method can more effectively realize the live detection of the high-voltage electrical equipment, and has great practical significance.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the ultraviolet detection sensitivity of corona discharge of high-voltage electrical equipment is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
a. simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun, and formulating a detection sensitivity standard;
b. the electronic ignition gun is improved;
c. testing by using an improved electronic ignition gun to formulate the detection sensitivity;
in step a, the operation of simulating corona discharge by using an electronic ignition gun specifically comprises:
the electronic ignition gun comprises a gun-shaped shell, an ignition rod and an ignition electrode which are arranged on a gun barrel part of the gun-shaped shell and are insulated from each other, and an oscillator, a high-voltage rectification circuit, a booster and a power supply battery which are arranged on a gun handle part of the gun-shaped shell in a matching way and are connected in sequence; under the combined action of the oscillator, the high-voltage rectifying circuit and the booster, direct current generated by the power supply battery is converted into high-voltage pulse current, namely voltage reaches 20kV, the high-voltage pulse current can break down air, and continuous instant electric sparks, namely spark discharge, are generated through the ignition rod and the ignition electrode;
in step b, the improved operation of the electronic ignition gun specifically includes:
⑴ processing the end of the ignition rod near the ignition electrode into a cylinder structure with a diameter larger than the ignition rod body, wherein the ignition rod body and the end are in arc transition structure to increase the distance between the ignition rod cylinder end and the ignition electrode to increase the number of discharge electrodes;
⑵ machining the end of the firing electrode into a tapered configuration that reduces the radius of curvature of the firing electrode;
in step c, the operation of testing by using the improved electronic ignition gun specifically comprises:
firstly, testing the discharge form of the improved electronic ignition gun to ensure reliable discharge;
secondly, testing the corona discharge condition of the improved electronic ignition gun under an ultraviolet imager, and ensuring that the synthetic image is still clear and the ultraviolet image at the discharge point is dynamic and vivid;
in step c, the operation of formulating the detection sensitivity specifically includes:
⑴ measuring and recording the on-site detection conditions including temperature, humidity, weather, altitude, wind speed and air pressure;
⑵, selecting proper photon number X1 according to the judgment standard, placing the electronic ignition gun at a distance of 5-15 meters from the ultraviolet detector, opening the ignition gun to generate continuous corona discharge, observing in the display screen of the ultraviolet detector, repeatedly adjusting the gain and the threshold to make the ultraviolet image discharged by the ignition gun just disappear when the photon number is basically stable and fluctuates within the error range of +/-5, recording the gain, the threshold and the photon number average value delta X at the moment, calculating the sum of X1 and delta X and defining the sum as the photon number and value Xn, and taking the parameters comprising the gain, the threshold, the photon number and value and the selected focal length as standard sensitivity parameters;
⑶ according to the requirement of on-site detection, the parameter gain parameter of standard sensitivity is properly increased, and the focal length is adjusted according to the situation, the threshold value and the photon number and value are kept unchanged, and the adjusted parameter is used as the detection sensitivity.
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| CN109270414A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-01-25 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Day blind ultraviolet-cameras discharge examination sensitivity test method |
| CN108717156A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-10-30 | 上海艾临科智能科技有限公司 | One kind is based on ultraviolet photon and visible photosynthetic corona detection equipment |
| CN110864882B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-01-12 | 江苏南大五维电子科技有限公司 | Multispectral ultraviolet light sensitivity detection system and method |
| CN111077131A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 山东省产品质量检验研究院 | Anti-electric arc performance test device for textile material |
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