CN105651761A - Icing salt measurement method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Icing salt measurement method and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105651761A CN105651761A CN201510999463.8A CN201510999463A CN105651761A CN 105651761 A CN105651761 A CN 105651761A CN 201510999463 A CN201510999463 A CN 201510999463A CN 105651761 A CN105651761 A CN 105651761A
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- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
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Abstract
The invention discloses an icing salt measurement method and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing different concentrations of a salt solution, and freezing every salt solution to form an ice block; irradiating every ice block by focusing laser of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system, and detecting the spectrum of a corresponding salt component; establishing a concentration-spectrum function relationship between the concentration of the salt and the corresponding spectrum; irradiating one position of an icing layer to be measured by focusing the laser of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system, and detecting to obtain a measurement spectrum; and calculating the salt concentration in the one position of the icing layer to be measured according to the concentration-spectrum function relationship and the measurement spectrum. The method and the apparatus allow the salt of the icing layer to be directly measured, allow the result to be accurate, and are in favor of monitoring the component distribution of the ice layer in real time and analyzing the icing rule of an insulator.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the measuring method of a kind of icing salinity and device.
[background technology]
Transmitting line can be caused serious harm by icing, almost has transmitting line every year because there is the serious power outage that icing causes, the especially freezing disaster of southern area in 2008, brings severe test to the safe operation of electrical network.
The impact of transmitting line is mainly reflected in transmission pressure and line insulation two aspects by icing, and icing Forming Mechanism and flashover rule for covering ice for insulator is not still fully realized at present, it does not have the precautionary measures preferably.
According to investigation statistics, powerline ice-covering flashover fault usually occurs in noon. This period envrionment temperature is higher, and the ice body of insulator surface attachment starts to melt, and causes and raises along face leakage current, makes ice point gap undertake major part pressure drop, thus brings out arc-over even flashover. In this course, the change of leakage current affects significantly by ice-melt water conductivity, therefore, it is necessary to the salt distribution rule in ice body studied.
In nature, insulator surface icing is developed to top layer gradually by bottom solid-liquid-gas three phase point of contact, the direction freezed determines the direction of salinity transfer, and rate of migration depend on the icing rate of rise under electric field action and different umbrella footpaths affect under water droplet collision rate. The distribution of salinity directly has influence on water membrane conductivity size in deicing processes.
Formation rule and ice in order to study covering ice for insulator dodge rule, and investigator carrys out the ice coating state of transmitting line in simulating natural environment often through the experiment of artificial icing. As China Electric Power Research Institute, south electric network research centre, University Of Chongqing, Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University etc. all have manual simulation climate room, when applying high-voltage, the icing situation of transmission line simulation and insulator, research icing flashover rule.
Existing research finds, when artificial icing is tested, along with the generation of icing growth or deicing processes, salt branch in ice sheet changes, the distribution of salinity is relevant to freezing process, for ice sheet outermost different positions from insulator bottom to ice sheet, its ice-melt water conductivity is 2.5 times and 0.1 times of initial icing water conductivity, also just means that the salt content of top layer ice and bottom ice is different.
During artificial icing is tested at present, the salt distribution of ice sheet is measured mainly through the specific conductivity (or strength of solution) of ice-melt water during ice-melt. As ice sheet being divided into top layer, middle layer, bottom, melting after ice cube is cut, measuring the specific conductivity of ice-melt water. This kind of research mode can only analyze the salinity composition of ice sheet by measuring the specific conductivity of ice-melt water, the surface appearance of test ice sheet that can not be real-time, can not find the impact of the growth of salt distribution for icing and icing flashover.
[summary of the invention]
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides measuring method and the device of a kind of icing salinity, it is possible to measure the salt concentration of different positions on icing layer in real time.
A measuring method for icing salinity, comprises the steps:
The salts solution of S1, configuration different concns, and make each part of salts solution be frozen into ice cube;
S2, the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system is utilized to irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum of the salt composition that detection is corresponding;
Concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship between S3, the concentration setting up salt and corresponding spectrum;
S4, utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate certain position of icing layer to be measured, detection obtains measure spectrum;
S5, according to described concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship and measure spectrum, calculate the salt concentration at certain position described of described icing layer to be measured.
In an embodiment,
In step sl, each part of salts solution is freezed, so that salinity is uniformly distributed in the ice cube being frozen into freeze speed higher than setting.
In an embodiment,
In step sl, liquid nitrogen is utilized to make salts solution be frozen into ice cube.
In an embodiment,
In step sl, also comprise the steps:
Measure the specific conductivity of each part of salts solution, set up the specific conductivity between specific conductivity and salt concentration-concentration function relation;
After step s 5, also comprise the steps:
Salt concentration according to certain position described in calculating and specific conductivity-concentration function relation, calculate the specific conductivity at certain position described.
In an embodiment,
In described step S4, described icing layer to be measured obtains as follows:
S41, configuration salts solution;
S42, in phytotron, by control temperature and wind speed, the described salts solution configured by artificial icing method step S41 forms icing layer on the insulator of different voltage range.
In an embodiment,
Described salts solution comprises NaCl, KCl solution.
Present invention also offers the measuring apparatus of a kind of icing salinity, comprise such as lower unit:
Unit first, for configuring the salts solution of different concns, and makes each part of salts solution be frozen into ice cube;
Second unit, for utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum of the salt composition that detection is corresponding;
Unit the 3rd, for the concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship set up between the concentration of salt and corresponding spectrum;
Unit the 4th, for utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate certain position of icing layer to be measured, detection obtains measure spectrum;
Unit the 5th, for according to described concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship and measure spectrum, calculating the salt concentration at certain position described of described icing layer to be measured.
In an embodiment,
Described Unit first is used for, and each part of salts solution is freezed, so that salinity is uniformly distributed in the ice cube being frozen into freeze speed higher than setting.
In an embodiment,
Described Unit first is used for, and utilizes liquid nitrogen to make salts solution be frozen into ice cube.
In an embodiment,
Also comprise Unit the 6th,
Described Unit first also for, measure the specific conductivity of each part of salts solution, set up the specific conductivity between specific conductivity and salt concentration-concentration function relation;
Described Unit the 6th is used for, and according to the salt concentration at certain position described in calculating and specific conductivity-concentration function relation, calculates the specific conductivity at certain position described.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:.
In artificial ice-coating test, no matter whether charged, the salt of detection insulator ice sheet that can be real-time is grouped into and distributes, and result is accurate, provides effective means for obtaining covering ice for insulator rule; Icing layer in the power system in field can also be detected in real time.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the schema of the measuring method of the icing salinity of an embodiment of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Hereinafter the better embodiment of invention is described in further detail.
The measuring method of the icing salinity of the present invention, it is necessary to use laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system (LIBS). In an embodiment, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system can by nanosecond laser, CCD and fiber spectrometer composition. Wherein the laser pulse number fiber spectrometer of nanosecond laser carries control software design setting, and laser apparatus Q is adjustable for time of lag, and the sequential of pulsed laser and fiber spectrometer adjusts the spectrum that can collect target element in advance simultaneously.
In an embodiment, the measuring method of icing salinity, comprises the steps:
The salts solution of S1, configuration different concns, and make each part of salts solution be frozen into ice cube.
In an embodiment, it is possible to the NaCl solution configuring different concns with deionized water and pure NaCl, is designated as X respectivelyi(mg/L) (wherein following table i represents i-th part of NaCl solution), the specific conductivity Y of each part of NaCl solution when 25 DEG C can be measured respectively simultaneouslyi. In the solubility range of NaCl, YiAnd XiBecome curved line relation, Yi=f (Xi), namely set up the specific conductivity between specific conductivity and salt concentration-concentration function relation.
Then each part of NaCl solution can be imported the plastics casing of customization respectively, salts solution is made to be frozen into rapidly ice cube (freeze speed higher than what set and freeze speed), like this, the salinity in ice cube is uniformly distributed, and avoids the uneven problem of salt component that salinity transfer brings. The size of plastics casing can be 5cm*5cm*5cm, it is possible to make salts solution quick freezing become ice cube by liquid nitrogen.
S2, the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system is utilized to irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum of the salt composition that detection is corresponding.
Taking Na element as target element to be measured, taking Cl element as reference element, set up the calibration system of two kinds of elements respectively.
Utilize the laser of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to focus on respectively and irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum segment of record target element Na and reference element Cl region, such as the I of Na spectral line, II, the spectral line of III intensity, and the I of Cl spectral line, II, the spectral line of III intensity, these three spectrum lines are the stronger characteristic spectral line of corresponding element.
Concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship between S3, the concentration setting up salt and corresponding spectrum.
Taking the data of above-mentioned each spectrum segment as independent variable(s), the concentration of corresponding Na and Cl is dependent variable, sets up the concentration between concentration with corresponding spectrum-spectrum funtcional relationship, is also the Quantitative Analysis Model of salt component. Partial least square method (PLS) can be utilized to set up concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship.
S4, utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate certain position of icing layer to be measured containing described salt component, detection obtains measure spectrum. Specifically can comprise the steps:
S41, first, configures the solution of artificial icing experiment, obtains the specific conductivity �� of this solution with NaCl and deionized wateri��
S42, in phytotron, by control temperature and wind speed etc., the described salts solution configured by artificial icing method step S41 forms icing layer on the insulator of different voltage range, and insulator surface need to form comparatively significantly icing layer.
Lens and light path in S43, adjustment laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system are arranged so that the positions such as laser can focus on the different depth position on the icing layer of remote target, the such as the upper, middle and lower of icing layer. In an embodiment, the distance of laser apparatus and insulator chain is at about 20m. Additional laser stadimeter in LIBS system simultaneously, the distance D of Laser Measurement device and target insulator surface, in order to improve data reliability, eliminate disturbance, the LIBS spectrum induced by laser pulse is got 20 times and is averaged, obtain the measure spectrum of the icing layer of remote target: Na and Cl composes line I, spectral line intensity C that II, III are corresponding respectivelyI, CII,CIII��
Wherein, the distance D of laser apparatus and insulator needs the requirement considering experiment, avoids the unfavorable experiment conditions such as floating potential occur, and the acquisition of this D distance needs to be obtained by simulation calculation.
S5, according to described concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship and measure spectrum, calculate the salt concentration at certain position described of described icing layer to be measured.
According to the measure spectrum data in the concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship obtained and step S4, calculate the salt concentration of the icing layer after artificial icing. In the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the concentration of Na element is as major objective data, and the data of computing reference Elements C l are as with reference to data simultaneously.
Meanwhile, according to the salt concentration calculated and specific conductivity-concentration function relation, the specific conductivity at certain position described of icing layer to be measured is calculated.
The salt of the present invention, is not limited to NaCl, it is also possible to be other salts such as KCl, it is even possible that be the mixture of multiple salt, by the method for the present invention, corresponding certain salt-spectrum funtcional relationship can be obtained equally, and finally can detect salt composition contained on icing layer to be measured in real time.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations. For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined by the claim book submitted to.
Claims (10)
1. a measuring method for icing salinity, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The salts solution of S1, configuration different concns, and make each part of salts solution be frozen into ice cube;
S2, the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system is utilized to irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum of the salt composition that detection is corresponding;
Concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship between S3, the concentration setting up salt and corresponding spectrum;
S4, utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate certain position of icing layer to be measured, detection obtains measure spectrum;
S5, according to described concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship and measure spectrum, calculate the salt concentration at certain position described of described icing layer to be measured.
2. the measuring method of icing salinity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step sl, each part of salts solution is freezed, so that salinity is uniformly distributed in the ice cube being frozen into freeze speed higher than setting.
3. the measuring method of icing salinity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step sl, liquid nitrogen is utilized to make salts solution be frozen into ice cube.
4. the measuring method of icing salinity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step sl, also comprise the steps:
Measure the specific conductivity of each part of salts solution, set up the specific conductivity between specific conductivity and salt concentration-concentration function relation;
After step s 5, also comprise the steps:
Salt concentration according to certain position described in calculating and specific conductivity-concentration function relation, calculate the specific conductivity at certain position described.
5. the measuring method of icing salinity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In described step S4, described icing layer to be measured obtains as follows:
S41, configuration salts solution;
S42, in phytotron, by control temperature and wind speed, the described salts solution configured by artificial icing method step S41 forms icing layer on the insulator of different voltage range.
6. the measuring method of icing salinity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described salts solution comprises NaCl, KCl solution.
7. a measuring apparatus for icing salinity, is characterized in that, comprises such as lower unit:
Unit first, for configuring the salts solution of different concns, and makes each part of salts solution be frozen into ice cube;
Second unit, for utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate each part of ice cube, the spectrum of the salt composition that detection is corresponding;
Unit the 3rd, for the concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship set up between the concentration of salt and corresponding spectrum;
Unit the 4th, for utilizing the laser focusing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system to irradiate certain position of icing layer to be measured, detection obtains measure spectrum;
Unit the 5th, for according to described concentration-spectrum funtcional relationship and measure spectrum, calculating the salt concentration at certain position described of described icing layer to be measured.
8. the measuring apparatus of icing salinity as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described Unit first is used for, and each part of salts solution is freezed, so that salinity is uniformly distributed in the ice cube being frozen into freeze speed higher than setting.
9. the measuring apparatus of icing salinity as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described Unit first is used for, and utilizes liquid nitrogen to make salts solution be frozen into ice cube.
10. the measuring apparatus of icing salinity as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprise Unit the 6th,
Described Unit first also for, measure the specific conductivity of each part of salts solution, set up the specific conductivity between specific conductivity and salt concentration-concentration function relation;
Described Unit the 6th is used for, and according to the salt concentration at certain position described in calculating and specific conductivity-concentration function relation, calculates the specific conductivity at certain position described.
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Application publication date: 20160608 |