CN106286556B - 一种胀缩式防松螺母 - Google Patents

一种胀缩式防松螺母 Download PDF

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CN106286556B
CN106286556B CN201610763860.XA CN201610763860A CN106286556B CN 106286556 B CN106286556 B CN 106286556B CN 201610763860 A CN201610763860 A CN 201610763860A CN 106286556 B CN106286556 B CN 106286556B
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郑涛
夏浩利
杨伟
李玉波
刘骁
李永生
房国库
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LINZHOU HEAVY MACHINERY GROUP CO Ltd
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Abstract

一种胀缩式防松螺母,利用热胀冷缩的原理,加热以后与标准螺母尺寸相同,可与螺栓配合,待防松螺母冷却以后,尺寸会缩小,防松螺母会因收缩紧箍在螺栓上,从而起到很好的防松作用,拆卸时再将防松螺母加热即可将螺母取下。本发明提供的胀缩式防松螺母制作简单,成本低,防松效果非常好。

Description

一种胀缩式防松螺母
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺母,具体涉及一种胀缩式防松螺母及其应用方法。
背景技术
长期以来,机械行业所使用的普通标准螺母都是不具有防松螺母功能的,但实际应用中大多要求螺母不能松动以保证紧固可靠。目前常用的防松措施有两类,一类是采用辅助垫圈,如弹簧垫圈、防松垫圈等。这类方法效果不明显,尤其是在剧烈震动的工况下防松不可靠;另一类是赋予螺母自身防松功能,这就出现了各种各样的防松螺母,归纳起来这些防松螺母不外乎是采用两种办法来增强防松能力,一是改变螺母结构,二是改变螺母螺纹牙形。这些防松螺母虽然防松能力有所增强,但仍不尽人意,且成本大大提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为了解决现在广泛使用的螺母防松不可靠和成本高的问题,提供一种胀缩式防松螺母及其应用方法。
本发明的目的是以下述技术方案实现的:
一种胀缩式防松螺母,它为采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)设定螺母防松扭矩值Mf;
(2)根据设定的防松扭矩值Mf,计算得到螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p;
(3)根据螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p,计算得到螺母的产生压强p所需的收缩量Δi,以及收缩量Δi加上消除配合间隙h的总收缩量i;
(4)制作胀缩式防松螺母,胀缩式防松螺母螺纹直径D≤d-i;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;i为螺母的总收缩量。
它为采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)设定螺母防松扭矩值Mf;
(2)根据设定的防松扭矩值Mf,计算得到螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p;其中p计算公式如式(1)所示:
p=Mf/(π×d×l×f×d)/2 式(1)
其中,Mf为设定螺母防松扭矩值;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;l为标准螺母厚度;p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力所产生的压强;f为螺母材料的摩擦系数;
(3)根据螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p,计算得到螺母的总收缩量i;其中i计算公式如式(2)所示:
i=Δi+h 式(2)
其中,Δi为产生螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p所需要的收缩量;h为标准螺母和螺栓配合最大间隙;
Δi计算公式如式(3)所示:
Δi= pd(C1/E1+C2/E2) 式(3)
其中,p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;
C1=(d2+d1 2)/(d2-d1 2)-μ1 ;C2=(d2 2+d2)/(d2 2-d2)-μ2
d1为标准螺栓孔径;d2为标准螺母外径;μ1为螺栓的泊松比 ;μ2为螺母的泊松比;E1为螺栓的弹性模量;E2为螺母的弹性模量;
(4)制作胀缩式防松螺母,胀缩式防松螺母螺纹直径D≤d-i;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;i为螺母的总收缩量。
步骤(4)具体为:首先根据螺母总收缩量i计算得到所需加热温度t,将螺母毛坯加热至温度t,并在该温度下攻丝,制作得到胀缩式防松螺母。
所述加热温度t的计算公式如式(4)所示:
t=i/ka*d+t0 (式4)
其中,i为螺母总收缩量i; ka为螺母材料的线膨胀系数;t0为室温。
所述加热温度t在200-400℃之间。
如上所述的胀缩式防松螺母的应用方法为:
(1)根据总收缩量i计算得到加热温度t;
(2)螺栓和防松螺母配合时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母配合;
(3)拆卸防松螺母时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母拆卸。
步骤(2)和步骤(3)采用生锈螺丝拆卸器将防松螺母加热至所需温度。
所需温度t在200-400℃之间。
本发明利用热胀冷缩的原理,提供的胀缩式防松螺母加热以后与标准螺母尺寸相同,可与螺栓配合,待防松螺母冷却以后,尺寸会缩小,防松螺母会因收缩紧箍在螺栓上,从而起到很好的防松作用,拆卸时再将防松螺母加热即可将螺母取下。本发明提供的胀缩式防松螺母制作简单,成本低,防松效果非常好。
具体实施方式
一种胀缩式防松螺母,它为采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)设定螺母防松扭矩值Mf;
(2)根据设定的防松扭矩值Mf,计算得到螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p;其中p计算公式如式(1)所示:
p=Mf/(π×d×l×f×d)/2 式(1)
其中,Mf为设定螺母防松扭矩值;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;l为标准螺母厚度;p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力所产生的压强;f为螺母材料的摩擦系数;
(3)计算得到螺母的产生压强p所需的收缩量Δi,以及收缩量Δi加上消除配合间隙h的总收缩量i;其中i计算公式如式(2)所示:
i=Δi+h 式(2)
其中,Δi为产生螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p所需要的收缩量;h为标准螺母和螺栓配合最大间隙;
Δi计算公式如式(3)所示:
Δi= pd(C1/E1+C2/E2) 式(3)
其中,p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;
C1=(d2+d1 2)/(d2-d1 2)-μ1 ;C2=(d2 2+d2)/(d2 2-d2)-μ2
d1为标准螺栓孔径;d2为标准螺母外径;μ1为螺栓的泊松比 ;μ2为螺母的泊松比;E1为螺栓的弹性模量;E2为螺母的弹性模量;
(4)制作胀缩式防松螺母,胀缩式防松螺母螺纹直径D≤d-i;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;i为螺母的总收缩量i;胀缩式防松螺母可在加热温度t下攻丝制作;具体为:首先根据螺母总收缩量i计算得到所需加热温度t,将螺母毛坯加热至温度t,并在该温度下攻丝,制作得到胀缩式防松螺母;加热温度t的计算公式如式(4)所示:
t=i/ka*d+t0 (式4)
其中,i为螺母总收缩量; ka为螺母材料的线膨胀系数;t0为室温。
所述的胀缩式防松螺母的应用方法为:
(1)根据总收缩量i计算得到加热温度t;
(2)螺栓和防松螺母配合时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母配合;
(3)拆卸防松螺母时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母拆卸。
本发明采用科学的计算方法,得出防松螺母所需收缩量,此收缩量包括螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强所需收缩量及消除螺栓和螺母配合间隙的收缩量,然后根据所需收缩量计算得到所需加热温度,在此温度下攻丝制作,可得到和标准螺母尺寸一致的防松螺母,可和螺栓配合使用,待防松螺母冷却后,会收缩抱紧螺栓,从而起到很好的防松作用;拆卸时再对防松螺母进行加热即可将防松螺母取下;可采用生锈螺丝拆卸器将防松螺母加热至所需温度。
为了不改变螺母材料的金相组织,温度t优选在200-400℃之间,温度越高收缩量越大,防松效果越好,而取低温度值时由于螺母拆装时所需加温时间变短,效率会更高,因此可根据不同的防松等级要求选取不同的温度值。
下面以性能等级8级的M20螺母(钢材)为例进一步说明:
当使用胀缩式螺母时,冷却后其收缩力会使螺栓与螺母之间另外增加一个防松扭矩,设防松扭矩值为200N.m;根据公式
Mf=π×d×l×p×f×d/2 式(5)
d:螺纹直径,20mm;l:螺母厚度,17mm;p:螺纹收缩的抱紧力所产生的压强,MPa;f:钢材的摩擦系数取0.15;
p=Mf/(π×d×l×f×d)/2 式(1)
代入式(1)以后,p=125 MPa
产生p=125 MPa所需要的收缩量为Δi,计算公式为
Δi=pd(C1/E1+C2/E2)*103μm 式(6)
C1=(d2+d1 2)/(d2-d1 2)-μ1 式(7)
d:螺栓外径20mm;d1:螺栓孔径,常用螺栓都是无孔的,其值为0;μ1:螺栓的泊松比,0.3;
将各数值代入式(7),C1=0.7;
C2=(d2 2+d2)/(d2 2-d2)-μ2 式(8)
d2:螺母外径,取六角螺母最小处宽度,30mm;μ2: 螺母的泊松比,0.3;
将各数值代入式(8),C2=2.3;
E1、E2分别是螺栓和螺母的弹性模量,其值都取206*103MPa;
将各数值代入式(6),Δi=36.4μm。螺栓螺纹精度按6g,螺母螺纹精度按6H,则其最大间隙h为33μm,因此螺母的总收缩量为i= i=Δi+h=69.4μm。
根据式(4)可计算所需温度t:
t=i/ka*d+t0 式(4)
ka:螺母材料的线膨胀系数,12*10-6(1/℃);t0:室温,取20℃;
将各数值代入式(4),t=309℃;将螺母毛坯加热至温度309℃,并在该温度下攻丝,制作得到胀缩式防松螺母,配合和拆卸使用时,将防松螺母加热至309℃以上即可。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明整体构思前提下,还可以作出若干改变和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种胀缩式防松螺母,其特征在于它为采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)设定螺母防松扭矩值Mf;
(2)根据设定的防松扭矩值Mf,计算得到螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p;
(3)根据螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p,计算得到螺母的产生压强p所需的收缩量Δi,以及收缩量Δi加上消除配合间隙h的总收缩量i;
其中i计算公式如式(2)所示:
i=Δi+h 式(2)
其中,Δi为产生螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p所需要的收缩量;h为标准螺母和螺栓配合最大间隙;
Δi计算公式如式(3)所示:
Δi= pd(C1/E1+C2/E2) 式(3)
其中,p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;
C1=(d2+d12)/(d2-d12)-μ1 ;C2=(d22+d2)/(d22-d2)-μ2;
d1为标准螺栓孔径;d2为标准螺母外径;μ1为螺栓的泊松比 ;μ2为螺母的泊松比;E1为螺栓的弹性模量;E2为螺母的弹性模量;
(4)制作胀缩式防松螺母,胀缩式防松螺母螺纹直径D≤d-i;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;i为螺母的总收缩量。
2.如权利要求1所述的胀缩式防松螺母,其特征在于它为采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)设定螺母防松扭矩值Mf;
(2)根据设定的防松扭矩值Mf,计算得到螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p;其中p计算公式如式(1)所示:
p=Mf/(π×d×l×f×d)/2 式(1)
其中,Mf为设定螺母防松扭矩值;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;l为标准螺母厚度;p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力所产生的压强;f为螺母材料的摩擦系数;
(3)根据螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p,计算得到螺母的总收缩量i;其中i计算公式如式(2)所示:
i=Δi+h 式(2)
其中,Δi为产生螺母螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强p所需要的收缩量;h为标准螺母和螺栓配合最大间隙;
Δi计算公式如式(3)所示:
Δi= pd(C1/E1+C2/E2) 式(3)
其中,p为螺纹收缩的抱紧力产生的压强;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;
C1=(d2+d1 2)/(d2-d1 2)-μ1 ;C2=(d2 2+d2)/(d2 2-d2)-μ2
d1为标准螺栓孔径;d2为标准螺母外径;μ1为螺栓的泊松比 ;μ2为螺母的泊松比;E1为螺栓的弹性模量;E2为螺母的弹性模量;
(4)制作胀缩式防松螺母,胀缩式防松螺母螺纹直径D≤d-i;d为标准螺母螺纹直径;i为螺母的总收缩量。
3.如权利要求2所述的胀缩式防松螺母,其特征在于步骤(4)具体为:首先根据螺母总收缩量i计算得到所需加热温度t,将螺母毛坯加热至温度t,并在该温度下攻丝,制作得到胀缩式防松螺母。
4.如权利要求3所述的胀缩式防松螺母,其特征在于所述加热温度t的计算公式如式(4)所示:
t=i/ka*d+t0 (式4)
其中,i为螺母总收缩量i; ka为螺母材料的线膨胀系数;t0为室温。
5.如权利要求4所述的胀缩式防松螺母,其特征在于所述加热温度t在200-400℃之间。
6.如权利要求3-5任一项所述的胀缩式防松螺母的应用方法,其特征在于所述应用方法为:
(1)根据总收缩量i计算得到加热温度t;
(2)螺栓和防松螺母配合时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母配合;
(3)拆卸防松螺母时,首先将防松螺母加热至≥温度t,再将螺栓和防松螺母拆卸。
7.如权利要求6所述的胀缩式防松螺母的应用方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)和步骤(3)采用生锈螺丝拆卸器将防松螺母加热至所需温度。
8.如权利要求6所述的胀缩式防松螺母的应用方法,其特征在于:所需温度t在200-400℃之间。
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GB561286A (en) * 1942-12-15 1944-05-12 R K Dundas Ltd Improvements in or relating to self-locking or "stiff" nuts
CN101336348A (zh) * 2005-12-22 2008-12-31 哈特马特·弗莱格 螺母及其制造方法和工具
CN101520067A (zh) * 2009-04-02 2009-09-02 顾国雄 冷镦嵌装螺母及其制造方法
CN101660561A (zh) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 螺母结构及其制造方法
CN102537002A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-04 宁波市镇海合鑫标准件有限公司 一种铆接螺母及其制造方法
CN104053913A (zh) * 2012-01-10 2014-09-17 姜镇熙 防松螺母及其制造方法

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JP2013113436A (ja) * 2011-11-29 2013-06-10 Kazutomi Oka 緩み止めダブルナット

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB561286A (en) * 1942-12-15 1944-05-12 R K Dundas Ltd Improvements in or relating to self-locking or "stiff" nuts
CN101336348A (zh) * 2005-12-22 2008-12-31 哈特马特·弗莱格 螺母及其制造方法和工具
CN101660561A (zh) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 螺母结构及其制造方法
CN101520067A (zh) * 2009-04-02 2009-09-02 顾国雄 冷镦嵌装螺母及其制造方法
CN104053913A (zh) * 2012-01-10 2014-09-17 姜镇熙 防松螺母及其制造方法
CN102537002A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-04 宁波市镇海合鑫标准件有限公司 一种铆接螺母及其制造方法

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