CN106282736B - Phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase-change accumulation energy cup - Google Patents

Phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase-change accumulation energy cup Download PDF

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CN106282736B
CN106282736B CN201610734315.8A CN201610734315A CN106282736B CN 106282736 B CN106282736 B CN 106282736B CN 201610734315 A CN201610734315 A CN 201610734315A CN 106282736 B CN106282736 B CN 106282736B
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phase
change accumulation
accumulation energy
energy
alloy
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CN106282736A (en
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金明江
应仁龙
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Hangzhou science and Technology Co., Ltd. Connaught wheat
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Hangzhou Long Can Liquidmetal Technologies Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/04Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47GHOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G19/00Table service
    • A47G19/22Drinking vessels or saucers used for table service
    • A47G19/2205Drinking glasses or vessels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C12/00Alloys based on antimony or bismuth

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of phase-change accumulation energy alloy, it is made of the component of following percentage by weight:Tin Sn13.5% ~ 15.0%;Indium In 7.5% ~ 9.5%;Lead Pb23.7% ~ 25.8%;Cadmium Cd 7.8% ~ 9.5%;Bismuth Bi40.0% ~ 45.0%;The thermal conductivity of phase-changing energy storage material is 20 25 W/mK.The invention discloses a kind of phase-change accumulation energy cup.Inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material with highly thermally conductive phase-change accumulation energy alloy and high-energy-density is combined to form energy density and all good composite phase change energy-storing system of heat transfer by the present invention by structure design, so that the energy conduction of high-temperature medium reaches balance in phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material, so as to obtain optimal heat conduction efficiency, while the volume and weight of whole energy storage system is also optimized.Adjusted by the cooperation to size, make to reach more preferably energy absorption efficiency.

Description

Phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase-change accumulation energy cup
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase-change accumulation energy cup.It is particularly a kind of to be realized using phase change energy storage technology Drinking water in cup can be rapidly achieved and in length by the quick thermal insulation cup cooled down and heat, this phase-change accumulation energy cup according to demand Time keeps predetermined suitable consumption temperature.
Background technology
Most materials can absorb (cold) amount of heat or to ring during its thing phase change from environment in nature Heat is released in border, so as to achieve the purpose that energy storage and discharge and adjust energy requirement and supply mismatch, this material quilt Referred to as phase-changing energy storage material.Lance is mismatched over time and space by the use of phase-changing energy storage material as regulation and control and solution energy supply and demand Shield, is one of the research hotspot of current environmentally friendly new energy technology so as to improve energy utilization rate.Business based on phase-changing energy storage material The direction of industry application and development mainly includes construction material, agricultural greenhouse, IT devices refrigeration, solar water heater etc..At present, very More civil goods also begin to use phase change energy storage technology, particularly container products, such as cup, feeding bottle etc..
Phase-change accumulation energy cup refers to rapid cooling, the heat medium for using phase-changing energy storage material as cup, and reaching makes in cup For hot water fast cooling to the purpose of a certain temperature suitably drunk, can also release energy makes cool water heating to consumption temperature.Mesh The phase-changing energy storage material that the phase-change accumulation energy cup of preceding in the market uses includes inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material and organic energy storage material.But It is that the phase-changing energy storage material of this two quasi-tradition has the shortcomings that a obvious:Pyroconductivity is too low.The thermal conductivity one of inorganic hydrated salt As below 1W/mK, and the thermal conductivity of organic phase change material be even more be not higher than 0.3W/mK.Too low thermal conductivity will be significant Influence the service efficiency of the phase-changing energy storage material so that this phase-change accumulation energy cup does not reach optimal effect using experience.
In order to improve the too low too low problem of lifting/lowering temperature speed brought of thermal conductivity, proposed according to companies such as Micons using gallium Base low-melting alloy is as phase-changing energy storage material.It will be apparent that the pyroconductivity of gallium base low-melting alloy phase change energy storage material reaches More than 15W/mK, is significantly higher than inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material and organic energy storage material.But it is used as storage using low-melting alloy Energy material strips carry out two problems:1) low-melting alloy density is higher, as phase-changing energy storage material in use, the energy of Unit Weight Density is relatively low;2) in contrast, the higher price of low-melting alloy, is unfavorable for promoting on a large scale.In addition, gallium-base alloy is in liquid Some potential safety problems is brought all there are corrosiveness to many metals under state.
Therefore, suitable phase-change accumulation energy structure is studied, the lower thermal conductivity and low melting point for solving traditional phase-changing energy storage material close The high density of gold and the contradiction of cost, so as to develop excellent performance and the appropriate phase-change accumulation energy cup of cost, make it really obtain city The accreditation and popularization of field.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:For above-mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase Become energy storage cup.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:Phase-change accumulation energy alloy, it is made of the component of following percentage by weight:
Tin Sn 13.5%~15.0%;
Indium In 7.5%~9.5%;
Lead Pb 23.7%~25.8%;
Cadmium Cd 7.8%~9.5%;
Bismuth Bi 40.0%~45.0%.
The thermal conductivity of the phase-changing energy storage material is 20-25W/mK.
Phase-change accumulation energy cup, includes heat conduction liner and heat insulating outer shield, and is formed between the heat conduction liner and heat insulating outer shield Closed cavity, is provided with the heat conducting pipe being integrally located in closed cavity on the heat conduction inner bladder outer wall, is filled with the heat conducting pipe Foregoing phase-change accumulation energy alloy, the closed cavity is interior to be filled with inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material.
The inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is CH3COONa3H2O.
The heat conducting pipe is twist close to be wound on heat conduction inner bladder outer wall.
The heat conducting pipe by it is some it is coaxial be wound on heat conduction inner bladder outer wall and the ring pipe of spaced arrangement forms, And each ring pipe is close to heat conduction inner bladder outer wall.
The heat conducting pipe cross section is rectangular, length h and radially of the rectangular section in heat conduction liner short transverse Length l is respectively 0.3cm~0.5cm and 0.8~1.2cm;The winding number of turn of heat conducting pipe is 8-15 circles;The radius r of heat conduction liner0 For 2-2.8cm;The packed height h of inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material0For 12.0-15.0cm, in heat conduction pipe outer wall and heat insulating outer shield The distance between wall d is 0.1cm~0.3cm.
The water storage weight m of the phase-change accumulation energy cupWater, volume V1 and phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystem, there are following by volume V2 Linear relationship:
mWater=kmSystem, V1=KV2;
In formula, k values are 1.0-1.2, and K values are 3.7-4.3;
The phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystemWeight and the inorganic salt hydrate phase transformation for the phase-change accumulation energy alloy The sum of weight of material, volume V2 are the weight of the phase-change accumulation energy alloy and the volume of the inorganic salt hydrate phase-change material The sum of.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:1st, the present invention sets heat conducting pipe by structure design on heat conduction inner bladder outer wall, Filling phase-change accumulation energy alloy in the heat conducting pipe, the interior filling inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material of closed cavity, will have highly thermally conductive The inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and high-energy-density, which is combined, to form energy density and heat transfer is all good Composite phase change energy-storing system so that the energy conduction of high-temperature medium is in phase-change accumulation energy alloy with being reached in inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material To balance, so that optimal heat conduction efficiency is obtained, while the volume and weight of whole energy storage system is also optimized.2nd, pass through Cooperation adjustment to size so that the heat-transfer interface and heat transfer distance of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material Proportionate relationship match with respective heat absorption weight, reach more preferably energy absorption efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is energy storage cup structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is each energy absorption units structure diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is five groups of embodiments of the invention and is filled up completely in the thermal insulation cup of hydrous salt phase change material and adds hot water, water temperature The state diagram to change with time.
Fig. 4 is after insulation water in the cup is emptied on the basis of Fig. 3, after 20 DEG C of cold water is poured into each thermal insulation cup, water temperature with The state diagram of the change of time.
Embodiment
A kind of phase-change accumulation energy alloy of the present invention, it is made of the component of following percentage by weight:
Tin Sn 13.5%~15.0%;
Indium In 7.5%~9.5%;
Lead Pb 23.7%~25.8%;
Cadmium Cd 7.8%~9.5%;
Bismuth Bi 40.0%~45.0%;
Thermal conductivity under its liquid condition is 20W/mK~25W/mK.
Five groups of Bi-Sn-Pb-In-Cd phase-change accumulation energies alloying component proportionings and performance parameter see the table below:
Numerical value in table behind each component represents its percentage by weight.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of phase-change accumulation energy cup of the present invention, includes heat conduction liner 1 and heat insulating outer shield 2, and the heat conduction Closed cavity is formed between liner 1 and heat insulating outer shield 2, is provided with and is integrally located in closed cavity on 1 outer wall of heat conduction liner Heat conducting pipe 3, filled with foregoing phase-change accumulation energy alloy, (component proportion is in the heat conducting pipe:Sn, 14.2%;In, 8.5%;Pb, 24.1%;Cd, 8.9%;Bi, 44.3%), the closed cavity is interior to be filled with inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material, the inorganic water It is CH3COONa3H2O to close salt phase-change material.
The performance of the phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is as shown in the table:
The water storage weight m of the phase-change accumulation energy cupWater, volume V1 and phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystem, there are following by volume V2 Linear relationship:
mWater=kmSystem, V1=KV2;
In formula, k values are 1.0-1.2, and K values are 3.7-4.3;
The phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystemWeight and the inorganic salt hydrate phase transformation material for the phase-change accumulation energy alloy The sum of weight of material, volume V2 are the weight of the phase-change accumulation energy alloy and the sum of the volume of the inorganic salt hydrate phase-change material.
The drinking water target temperature that the present invention designs is 58 DEG C.
Boiling water is poured into cup, by the calculating of 95 DEG C of water temperature, be down to needed for 58 DEG C release energy for:
Q=cm Δs t
Wherein, c is the specific heat of water, and m is that the quality , ⊿ T of water are the change of water temperature;
M=ρ π r2H, r and h are respectively cup inner wall radius and height, unit cm.
It is set as 300g, then has Q=46.6kJ
Absorb these energy, it is necessary to the weight of two kinds of phase-change materials be respectively m1 and m2, initial temperature is 20 DEG C, then phase Become energy storage alloy energy absorption value into:
Q1=cm Δ T+m Δs H=104.9m1
The energy absorption value of inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is:
Q2=387.6m2
Total energy balance is:Q=Q1+Q2, i.e.,:104.9m1+387.6m2=46.6kJ
Phase-change accumulation energy system (phase-change accumulation energy alloy+inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material) total volume is:
The present invention takes into account the weight and volume of two kinds of energy storage materials, the weight range set as:
Phase-change accumulation energy alloy mass m1 scopes are:50~100g, the quality m2 scopes of inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material are:75 ~105g;The weight range that the phase-change accumulation energy system of acquisition is total is:150~180g is (for the phase-change accumulation energy of 300ml waters design System weight scope, if water changes, energy-storage system weight also respective change);Total volume range is:70~80mL.This During whole thermmal storage, the heat storage value scope of phase-change accumulation energy alloy is:5200J~10500J, hydrous salt phase change material Heat storage value scope be:29000J~41000J.
Heat transfer refers to the heat transmitted in the unit interval by unit level sectional area.Obviously, the energy transmission of thermal energy Amount is directly proportional to thermally-conductive interface area, is inversely proportional with heat transfer distance.The two kinds of phases selected in the present invention in composite energy storage system Change energy-storage material pyroconductivity is respectively 23.5W/mK and 0.5W/mK, in same interfacial area and conduction distance condition The ratio of lower heat transfer is 47:1, it is necessary to made up by the design of interfacial area and heat transfer distance, the target of design is to reduce Heat transfer distance in the heat-transfer interface ratio and inorganic hydrated salt of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material.
Calculated to simplify, each energy absorption units can be decomposed into structure shown in Fig. 2.
The energy absorption value of phase-change accumulation energy alloy is 104.9m1, and transport interface area is:A1=2 π r0Hn, wherein r0 For 1 radius of cup heat conduction liner, (i.e. heat conducting pipe rectangular section is in heat conduction liner short transverse for individual pen copper heat conducting pipe height by h Length), n be heat conducting pipe 3 the winding number of turn;
The energy absorption value of inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is 387.6m2, its heat source is directly transmitted including cup and phase Become energy storage alloy and transmit two parts, the interfacial area of transmission is:Wherein r0For cup heat conduction 1 radius of liner, r1To wrap up the copper band radius (i.e. heat conducting pipe outer radii) of phase-change accumulation energy alloy, h0For whole inorganic hydrated salt The packed height of phase-change material (due to being stuffed entirely with closed cavity, which is also the height of closed cavity).
In the present invention, the radius r of the cup heat conduction liner 10Scope is 2.0~2.8cm, 3 cross section of heat conducting pipe Rectangular, which is respectively 0.3cm~0.5cm in the length h and length l radially of 1 short transverse of heat conduction liner With 0.8~1.2cm;The scope of copper heat conducting pipe winding number of turn n is 8~15;The packed height h of inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material0For 12.0-15.0cm (due to being stuffed entirely with closed cavity, which is also the height of closed cavity), 3 outer wall of heat conducting pipe The distance between 2 inner wall of heat insulating outer shield d is 0.1cm~0.3cm.Thus obtained inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is stored up with phase transformation Can the heat-transfer interface proportionate relationship scope of alloy be about:Meanwhile from phase-change accumulation energy alloy to inorganic hydrated salt Transverse heat transfer distance only 0.1~0.2cm, the i.e. ratio of the heat transfer distance of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrated salt are about For:In view of the energy absorption proportion of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrated salt 1:3~1:Between 8, because This theoretically infers, although both pyroconductivity ratios are 47:1, phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material The heat conduction time that completing respective energy absorption needs can approach the state of balance.
For the present invention on the basis of the energy value for storing or discharging, the value is directly proportional to weight, the volume (liner size) of water, Also it is directly proportional with phase-change accumulation energy system.Such as:The hot water of 300mL corresponds to the energy storage system weight range of a scope;So manage By upper, 600mL capacity, energy storage system weight range also just doubles.
The present invention passes through structure design so that the heat-transfer interface of phase-change accumulation energy alloy and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material with The proportionate relationship of heat transfer distance matches with respective heat absorption weight, reaches optimal energy absorption efficiency.
The preparation method of five yuan of phase-change accumulation energy alloys of Bi-Sn-Pb-In-Cd of the present invention is:First press formulation ratio Sn-In-Pb-Cd-Bi quinary alloys, the then molten alloy in a manner of vacuum induction melting.By dispensing be put into melting kettle it Afterwards, carrying out vacuumize process to vacuum induction melting furnace makes pressure in stove be less than 5*10-3Pa, then into vacuum induction melting furnace Add inert gas (nitrogen or argon gas) and be used as protective gas, be forced into 0.5-0.8 atmospheric pressure, being initially powered up melting makes it It is completely melt.After melting, room temperature state is cooled to, the alloy that melting obtains then is taken out from stove.
The processing method of phase-change accumulation energy cup of the present invention:According to the size of cup body liner 1, the copper of different-diameter width is processed Heat conducting pipe 3, is then ready for water-bath, and bath temperature is 80 DEG C~100 DEG C, and quinary alloy water-bath is liquefied, is injected into copper heat conduction In pipe 3, and sealing treatment is carried out to copper heat conducting pipe 3, be locked on 1 outer wall of liner.Then the liner 1 of copper heat conducting pipe 3 will be cased with It is put into heat insulating outer shield 2, a closed cavity is formed between liner 1 and heat insulating outer shield, heat insulating outer shield 2 is made of heat-barrier material, Have the function that to prevent energy exchange inside and outside cup, liquefied inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is finally poured into closed cavity, from After right cooled and solidified, whole cup body is sealed, the cup with phase change energy storage function is made.
The present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
5 groups of embodiments have been carried out altogether, see the table below:
By 5 groups of embodiments and it is filled up completely in the cup of hydrous salt phase change material respectively and adds hot water, and counts water temperature at any time Between change, as shown in Figure 3;Then toward the cold water of 20 DEG C of injection in cup, the change of water temperature is measured, in detail as shown in Figure 4;It can see When going out, a kind of heating and cooling positive effect of the phase-change accumulation energy cup provided by the invention to hot water, and reaching the heating and cooling of desired temperature Between reduce with the increase of phase change alloy material, and using phase-change alloy for energy storage material thermal insulation cup cooling-down effect it is bright The aobvious thermal insulation cup for being better than being used as phase-changing energy storage material using inorganic hydrated salt.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of phase-change accumulation energy alloy, it is characterised in that it is made of the component of following percentage by weight:
2. phase-change accumulation energy alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The thermal conductivity of the phase-changing energy storage material is 20-25W/m·K。
3. a kind of phase-change accumulation energy cup, include heat conduction liner (1) and heat insulating outer shield (2), and the heat conduction liner (1) and heat-insulated outer Closed cavity is formed between layer (2), it is characterised in that:It is provided with heat conduction liner (1) outer wall and is integrally located at closed cavity Interior heat conducting pipe (3), filled with the phase-change accumulation energy alloy described in claim 1 or 2 in the heat conducting pipe, is filled out in the closed cavity Filled with inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material.
4. phase-change accumulation energy cup according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The inorganic hydrous salt phase transition material is CH3COONa·3H2O。
5. phase-change accumulation energy cup according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The heat conducting pipe (3) is twist close to wind In on heat conduction liner (1) outer wall.
6. phase-change accumulation energy cup according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The heat conducting pipe (3) is coaxially wound in by some On heat conduction liner (1) outer wall and spaced arrangement ring pipe composition, and each ring pipe is close to heat conduction liner (1) outer wall.
7. the phase-change accumulation energy cup according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that:Heat conducting pipe (3) cross section is rectangular, The rectangular section is respectively 0.3cm~0.5cm and 0.8 in the length h and length l radially of heat conduction liner (1) short transverse ~1.2cm;The winding number of turn of heat conducting pipe (3) is 8-15 circles;The radius r of heat conduction liner (1)0For 2-2.8cm;Inorganic hydrated salt phase Become the packed height h of material0For 12.0-15.0cm, heat conducting pipe (3) outer wall is with the distance between heat insulating outer shield (2) inner wall d 0.1cm~0.3cm.
8. according to the phase-change accumulation energy cup described in claim 3-6 any one, it is characterised in that the water storage of the phase-change accumulation energy cup Weight mWater, volume V1 and phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystem, there are following linear relationship by volume V2:
mWater=kmSystem, V1=KV2;
In formula, k values are 1.0-1.2, and K values are 3.7-4.3;
The phase-change accumulation energy system weight mSystemWeight and the inorganic salt hydrate phase-change material for the phase-change accumulation energy alloy The sum of weight, volume V2 be the phase-change accumulation energy alloy weight and the inorganic salt hydrate phase-change material volume it With.
CN201610734315.8A 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 Phase-change accumulation energy alloy and phase-change accumulation energy cup Active CN106282736B (en)

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