CN106271226B - 一种药皮钎料 - Google Patents

一种药皮钎料 Download PDF

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CN106271226B
CN106271226B CN201610784628.4A CN201610784628A CN106271226B CN 106271226 B CN106271226 B CN 106271226B CN 201610784628 A CN201610784628 A CN 201610784628A CN 106271226 B CN106271226 B CN 106271226B
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coating
solder
flux
brazing
parts
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CN106271226A (zh
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钟素娟
孙华为
张雷
陈宝玉
薛行雁
董显
吕登峰
陈静
黄俊兰
董博文
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Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3603—Halide salts
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3606—Borates or B-oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3613—Polymers, e.g. resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B23K35/404—Coated rods; Coated electrodes

Abstract

本发明涉及一种钎剂用粘结体系，钎料用涂料组合物及药皮钎料，属于药皮钎料领域。该钎剂用粘结体系包括主剂和固化剂；主剂由以下重量份的组分组成：环氧树脂18～23份，聚硫橡胶15～20份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯7～14份，稀释剂3～8份；固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％～80％，邻苯二甲酸酐20％～30％。本发明提供的钎料用粘结体系，由环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶等组分组成，加入钎剂后混合均匀即可用于钎料表面制备防潮防脱落药皮，该药皮与钎料内芯的结合力好，可起到良好的防潮防脱落效果；经该涂料组合物固化制备的钎料药皮中，有机物含量低且在钎焊温度下可完全分解，残留物少，对钎焊过程的影响小。

Description

一种药皮钎料
技术领域
本发明属于药皮钎料领域，具体涉及一种钎剂用粘结体系，钎料用涂料组合物及药皮钎料。
背景技术
钎剂是钎焊过程中用的熔剂，与钎料配合使用，是保证钎焊过程顺利进行和获得致密接头的重要物质。钎剂的作用是清除熔融钎料和母材表面的氧化物，保护钎料及母材表面不被氧化，改善钎料对木材的润湿性能，促进界面活化，使钎焊过程顺利进行。钎剂和钎料和合理选用对钎焊接头的质量起关键作用。
传统钎焊过程中，钎料与钎剂分离搭配使用，为保证钎焊质量往往添加过量的钎剂，不仅使钎焊过程繁琐，且容易造成污染和浪费。通过在钎料表面涂覆钎剂涂层，制备钎料和钎剂定比复合的药皮钎料，可以有效解决钎剂添加量不稳定、手工操作繁琐的问题。
公布号为CN104907721A的专利公开了一种具有高效药皮钎料，包括钎料内芯和包覆在所述钎料内芯外的药皮，所述药皮由涂覆在所述钎料内芯外表面的粘结剂和粘附在所述粘结剂上的钎剂外皮组成。粘结剂为无机粘结剂，由硼酸盐、磷酸盐、铝酸盐、硅酸盐、硼酐、乙醇、氟硼酸盐、无机氟化物中的至少一种组成。
现有技术中，钎剂通过粘结剂粘附在钎料内芯上，药皮容易因吸潮而剥落；且无机粘结剂燃烧后残留物较多，会对钎焊过程造成不良影响，影响钎焊质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钎剂用粘结体系，从而可以与钎剂配合使用，用于制备钎料药皮涂层，其具有与钎料内芯的结合力好，防潮防脱落的优点。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种钎料用涂料组合物。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种使用上述涂料组合物的药皮钎料。
为了实现以上目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种钎剂用粘结体系，包括主剂和固化剂；主剂由以下重量份的组分组成：环氧树脂 18～23份，聚硫橡胶15～20份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯7～14份，稀释剂3～8份；固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％～80％，邻苯二甲酸酐20％～30％。
固化剂主要用于主剂的固化。
本发明提供的钎剂用粘结体系，主要用于与钎剂配合使用，制备钎料药皮涂层。将钎剂加入该粘结体系中混合，涂覆于钎料表面，固化即得钎料药皮；该粘结体系对不同类型的钎剂具有良好的适应性，且所制备的药皮与钎料内芯的结合力好，防潮防脱落。
一种钎料用涂料组合物，包括药皮主剂和固化剂；药皮主剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：钎剂35％～55％，环氧树脂18％～23％，聚硫橡胶15％～20％，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 7％～14％，稀释剂3％～8％；
固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％～80％，邻苯二甲酸酐20％～ 30％。
本发明提供的钎料用涂料组合物，由钎料、环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶等组分组成，可方便用于钎料表面制备防潮防脱落药皮，该药皮与钎料内芯的结合力好，可起到良好的防潮防脱落效果；经该涂料组合物固化制备的钎料药皮中，有机物含量低且在钎焊温度下可完全分解，残留物少，对钎焊过程的影响小；同时，钎料、钎剂可以实现定比复合，使两者的配比更加准确，有助于提高钎焊质量。
药皮主剂中，所述钎剂可依据钎料内芯的性质做相应选择。如银基钎料或铜基钎料选择相应的银基钎料用钎剂或铜基钎料用钎剂。银基钎料用钎剂可选择市售常规品种，如牌号FB101、FB102等。
或可参照以下成分自行配置，银基钎料用钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：氟化物 40％～46％，硼酸盐20％～26％，硼酐32％～36％。
铜基钎料用钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：硼酐63％～77％，硼酸8％～16％，氟化物14％～22％。
将钎剂、环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、稀释剂按配比混合均匀，即得药皮主剂；将二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂混合均匀，即得固化剂。
一种使用上述涂料组合物的药皮钎料，包括钎料内芯和包覆在钎料内芯表面的药皮，所述药皮由药皮主剂和固化剂按10:1～15:1的质量比固化而成。
所述固化的温度为40℃～100℃。优选的，所述药皮的厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
本发明提供的药皮钎料，药皮防潮、防脱落效果好，药皮的厚度均匀一致性好，强度可调控；产品批次间的稳定性好，可方便用于钎焊过程中，提高钎焊质量。
上述药皮钎料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)在表面处理后的钎料表面涂覆药皮主剂，得到半成品；
2)在半成品表面涂覆固化剂，药皮主剂与固化剂的质量比为10:1～15:1，在40℃～ 100℃下固化，即得。
所述表面处理为依次进行喷砂处理、酸洗或碱洗处理。
所述涂覆为喷涂或浸涂。
本发明的药皮钎料的制备方法，工艺简单，所得药皮厚度均一性好，防潮防脱落；可通过调整固化剂与药皮主剂的质量比调节药皮的强度，适用于各种钎料，工业应用良好。
附图说明
图1为喷砂处理示意图；
图2为酸洗或碱洗处理示意图；
图3为本发明药皮钎料的制备示意图；
图4为实施例1所得药皮银焊条示意图；
图5为实施例2所得药皮铜磷焊环示意图；
图中，1-药皮主剂；2-固化剂；3-钎料内芯；4-药皮。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。图1、图2为前处理示意图，图3为采用喷雾方式在涂覆有药皮主剂1的钎料表面涂覆固化剂2，图3、图4为本发明所得药皮钎料的结构示意图，其由钎料内芯3和包覆在钎料内芯3表面的药皮4组成。
以下实施例中，环氧树脂的型号为E-33环氧树脂，购自吉田化工有限公司；聚硫橡胶的型号为JLY-121聚硫橡胶，购自上海聚源橡胶塑料有限公司。
实施例1
本实施例的钎剂用粘结体系，包括主剂和固化剂；主剂由以下重量份的组分组成：环氧树脂20份，聚硫橡胶18份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯10份，稀释剂7份；固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％，邻苯二甲酸酐30％。
本实施例的钎料用涂料组合物，包括药皮主剂和固化剂；药皮主剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：钎剂45％，环氧树脂20％，聚硫橡胶18％，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯10％，稀释剂7％；所述稀释剂为丙酮。固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％，邻苯二甲酸酐30％。钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：氟化钾45％，硼酸钾22％，硼酐33％。
本实施例的药皮钎料，包括银钎料焊条和包覆在银钎料焊条表面的药皮，所述药皮由药皮主剂和固化剂按10:1的质量比固化而成。所述银钎料焊条的质量百分比组成为：银 30％，铜36％，锌32％，锡2％；熔化温度为640℃～750℃；药皮的厚度为0.2mm。
本实施例的药皮钎料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)对银钎料焊条依次进行喷砂、酸洗、清理和烘干，得到表面处理后的银钎料；
2)将表面处理后的银钎料浸入药皮主剂中形成均匀涂层，取出；至不再有药皮主剂液滴滴落时，将固化剂喷涂至表面，在40℃下干燥4h，即得药皮银焊条。
实施例2
本实施例的钎剂用粘结体系，包括主剂和固化剂；主剂由以下重量份的组分组成：环氧树脂20份，聚硫橡胶20份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯7份，稀释剂3份；所述稀释剂为丙酮。固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺80％，邻苯二甲酸酐20％。
本实施例的钎料用涂料组合物，包括药皮主剂和固化剂；药皮主剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：钎剂50％，环氧树脂20％，聚硫橡胶20％，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯7％，稀释剂3％。
固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70％，邻苯二甲酸酐30％。钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：硼酐70％，硼酸12％，氟化钾18％。
本实施例的药皮钎料，包括铜磷焊环和包覆在铜磷焊环表面的药皮，所述药皮由药皮主剂和固化剂按15:1的质量比固化而成。所述铜磷焊环的质量百分比组成为：银5％，铜 89％，磷6％，熔化温度为650℃～800℃；药皮的厚度为0.1m。
本实施例的药皮钎料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)对铜磷焊环依次进行喷砂、酸洗、清理和烘干，得到表面处理后的铜磷焊环；
2)将表面处理后的铜磷焊环浸入药皮主剂中使其内外表面均匀挂浆，取出；至不再有药皮主剂液滴滴落时，浸入固化剂内，取出沥干，在100℃下干燥2h，即得药皮铜磷焊环。
试验例
本试验例对实施例1和实施例2的药皮钎料的性能进行检测，结果如表1所示，对比例为市售常规药皮钎料。
表1各实施例和对比例的药皮钎料的性能对比
由表1的试验结果可知，本发明的药皮钎料的药皮较薄，抗吸潮性能、抗摔打剥落能力性能远优于对比例，具有良好的防潮防脱落性能，可促进钎焊过程顺利进行，提高钎焊质量。

Claims (2)

1.一种药皮钎料，包括钎料内芯和包覆在钎料内芯表面的药皮，其特征在于，所述药皮由药皮主剂与固化剂比例为10:1～15:1的质量比固化而成；药皮主剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：钎剂35%～55%，环氧树脂18%～23%，聚硫橡胶15%～20%，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯7%～14%，丙酮3%～8%；固化剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：二乙烯三胺70%～80%，邻苯二甲酸酐20%～30%；
药皮主剂中，所述钎剂为银基钎料用钎剂或铜基钎料用钎剂；银基钎料用钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：氟化物40%～46%，硼酸盐20%～26%，硼酐32%～36%；铜基钎料用钎剂由以下质量百分比的组分组成：硼酐63%～77%，硼酸8%～16%，氟化物14%～22%；
所述药皮钎料由包括以下步骤的方法制得：
1）在表面处理后的钎料表面涂覆药皮主剂，得到半成品；
2）在半成品表面涂覆固化剂，在40℃～100℃下固化，即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的药皮钎料，其特征在于，所述药皮的厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
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