CN106270812A - A kind of method of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm - Google Patents
A kind of method of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm Download PDFInfo
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- CN106270812A CN106270812A CN201610785484.4A CN201610785484A CN106270812A CN 106270812 A CN106270812 A CN 106270812A CN 201610785484 A CN201610785484 A CN 201610785484A CN 106270812 A CN106270812 A CN 106270812A
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to method for turning technical field, a kind of method being specifically related to lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, by worm screw clamping to be processed on numerically controlled lathe, its place plane is S, the point that n, n1 are respectively on teeth groove side, shaft section extension when enveloping worm rotates teeth groove variation corresponding to two instantaneous positions；Mobile amputation knife respective face point of a knife is to n point, performing bootstrap makes corresponding point of a knife to n1 point, moving interpolation is carried out with R+m for radius of clean-up again from n1 point, process the arc spiral line of a side, withdrawing is to initial n point, in like manner cutting another side arc spiral line, complete the cutting in worm spiral face, determined by execution bootstrap and need to process starting point, it is thus possible to determine processing initial point position accurately, break away from the dependence to specialized nc machine tool, reduce the technology requirement of operator, reduce manufacturing cost, can disposably find processing stand, working (machining) efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for turning, a kind of method being specifically related to lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm.
Background technology
The processing of traditional helical surface of enveloping worm is to carry out, then on the special purpose machine tool of gear-hobbing machine or lathe improvement
Grinding, the method belongs to the method for forming cutter processing enveloping worm profile of tooth, but will join when processing the worm screw of different size
Putting corresponding cutterhead and lathe tool, the method process-cycle is long, and manufacturing cost is high, and setting for machine complexity is loaded down with trivial details, tool sharpening
Specialty requires height, and workman's technology requires height, particularly the most bothersome during Single unit job lot production, in existing " industry and science and technology
Forum " 2011 years volume 10 the 24th phase Li Song " using the turning that macroprogram realizes enveloping worm on numerically controlled lathe " provide one
Plant technical method, belong to simulation tooth curve continuous linear taper thread and carry out matching circular thread to process enveloping worm profile of tooth
Method, when existing method uses lathe in machining enveloping worm profile of tooth, cutting worm teeth groove, it is necessary to assure main shaft gyration and cutter
The Synchronization Control (C axle X-axis Z axis) of tool motion, the mode guarantee that can only use screw thread process in digital control processing is this same
Step relation, general NC system only supports the processing of line thread, and the tool motion of enveloping worm is same with main shaft gyration
Doing the circular motion in XZ plane in the case of step, this is that digital control system is not provided that, in the course of processing, and existing processing
Method carrys out matching circular thread by continuous tapered tread, all needs to find this section of starting point in every a bit of tapered tread and just starts to add
Work to this section helical terminal, repeatedly segmentation causes and adds man-hour requirement and repeatedly confirm to process starting point, thus causes machine tool system shape
Frequently, the worm tooth processed strengthens away from accumulated error, especially becomes apparent from when large modulus large pitch, the course of processing in state switching
Middle Creeping of Machining Tools phenomenon is serious.The worm screw face that particularly the method processes is multistage continuous taper thread line matching circular arc out
Thread tooth, is not the circular thread flank of tooth accurately.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that it is an object of the invention to provide lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, use first guide by
Cutter is adjusted to the X-coordinate Z coordinate position needed, and makes worm screw be directly turned to the angle needed simultaneously, then according to uniform rotation
On the teeth groove of worm shaft cross section, the motion mode of point utilizes Circular Interpolation in Computerized Numerical Control order to control lathe tool, it is possible to directly according to circular arc spiral shell
Stricture of vagina mode accurately processes enveloping worm teeth groove, safe overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of method of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, by worm screw clamping to be processed on numerically controlled lathe, its
Place plane is S, and worm screw to be processed fillet radius in plane S is Rf1, tip circle of worm arc radius is Ra1, reference circle
Radius is R, and amputation knife main cutting edge width is L, and the point that n, n1 are respectively on teeth groove side, shaft section extension is at anchor ring
Worm screw rotate time teeth groove variation corresponding to two instantaneous positions；Arranging worm screw rotating speed perseverance is s, mobile amputation knife respective face point of a knife
To n point, perform bootstrap and make corresponding point of a knife to n1 point, then carry out moving interpolation with R+m for radius of clean-up from n1 point, process
The arc spiral line of one side, withdrawing is to initial n point, and in like manner cutting another side arc spiral line, completes worm spiral face
Cutting.
Further, main shaft perseverance rotating speed during turning helicoid.
Further, during each circular interpolation cutting helicoid feed, angular velocity is identical.
Further, in screw thread boot segment program helical pitch by guiding the operating angle of starting point and ending point, reference circle of wormwheel
Radius, relative cutting-in value, number of threads and the worm gear number of teeth determine jointly.
Further, in screw thread bootstrap, the parted hair of worm screw is carried out by adjusting the initial angle number of degrees.
Further, wherein m is relative cutting-in, is on worm spiral face certain difference putting relative reference circle of wormwheel radius R
Value；In bootstrap, i.e. put while n forwarded some n1 to after worm screw rotary motion on tooth form of axial direction, cutter also from a n to point
N1, at this time put the C axle rotary angle position of n1 on worm tooth shape and X-coordinate Z coordinate be exactly cutter need position.
Further, wherein cutter location coordinate determines that formula is:
X=ao-(R+m) sin ψ ± m tg α cos ψ
Z=Zo+ (R+m) cos ψ ± m tg α sin ψ
In formula: ao is worm and gear centre-to-centre spacing, Zo is the axial coordinate value at worm gear center；R is the snail being meshed with worm screw
The reference radius of wheel, m is the penetraction depth of relative reference circle, and ψ is operating angle, and α is reference circle profile angle.
Further, the concrete formula of bootstrap is:
Helical pitch F=boot segment axial internal clearance/boot segment screw thread revolution；
From a n a to n1, screw thread axial internal clearance is (cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)；
From a n a to n1, corresponding worm gear revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 °,
Then corresponding worm screw revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1；
Therefore helical pitch F=[(cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)]/[(ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1] i.e. F=[360 °/(ψ
n1-ψn)]·[Z1/Z2]·(cosψn-cosψn1)·(R+m)
Wherein Z1 is worm screw line number, and Z2 is the worm gear number of teeth.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following useful technique effect:
The method of the present invention a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, by teeth groove side, shaft section extension
On arbitrarily take when enveloping worm rotates two instantaneous position points corresponding to teeth groove variation, determine by performing bootstrap
The processing starting point needed, controls cutter and occupies processing initial point position, then complete worm screw circular arc by the method for circular interpolation
Screw chasing, thus accurately process the arc spiral flank of tooth of worm screw, it is possible to processing stand is disposably found in cutting every time, it is to avoid
Repeatedly looking for cumulative error a little, simplify Machine-Tool Control mode, digital control system is more stable, and tooth accuracy is protected.The party
Method has broken away from the dependence to special worm machine tool, reduces the technology requirement of operator, reduces manufacturing cost, be greatly improved
Working (machining) efficiency.
Further, the concrete formula of bootstrap is:
Helical pitch F=boot segment axial internal clearance/boot segment screw thread revolution；
From a n a to n1, screw thread axial internal clearance is (cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)；
From a n a to n1, corresponding worm gear revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 °,
Then corresponding worm screw revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1；
Therefore helical pitch F=[(cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)]/[(ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1] i.e. F=[360 °/(ψ
n1-ψn)]·[Z1/Z2]·(cosψn-cosψn1)·(R+m)
Wherein Z1 is worm screw line number, and Z2 is the worm gear number of teeth, puts n and forward to after making worm screw uniform speed rotation on tooth form of axial direction
While some n1, cutter also from a n a to n1, at this time puts C axle rotary angle position and X-coordinate Z of n1 on worm tooth shape
Coordinate be exactly cutter need position, that is cutter is accurately captured a n1；Then cutter just can from a n1 to
When point n2 uses circular interpolation to simulate worm screw uniform rotation, on tooth form of axial direction, the flank of tooth is accurately processed in the motion of point.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cutting principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of method of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, worm screw clamping to be processed is existed
On numerically controlled lathe, its place plane is S, and worm screw to be processed fillet radius in plane S is Rf1, tip circle of worm arc half
Footpath is Ra1, reference radius is R, and amputation knife main cutting edge width is L, and n, n1 are respectively on teeth groove side, shaft section extension
A point when enveloping worm rotates teeth groove variation corresponding to two instantaneous positions；Arranging worm screw rotating speed perseverance is s, moves and cuts
Breaking respective face point of a knife to n point, performs bootstrap and makes corresponding point of a knife to n1 point, then carry out for radius of clean-up with R+m from n1 point
Moving interpolation, processes the arc spiral line of a side, and withdrawing, to initial n point, in like manner cuts another side arc spiral line,
Complete the cutting in worm spiral face.Wherein m is relative cutting-in, is on worm spiral face certain and puts relative reference circle of wormwheel radius R
Difference；In bootstrap, while i.e. after worm screw uniform speed rotation, on tooth form of axial direction, some n has forwarded some n1 to, cutter is also
From a n a to n1, C axle rotary angle position and the X-coordinate Z coordinate of at this time putting n1 on worm tooth shape are exactly cutter and need
Position, that is cutter is accurately captured a n1；Then cutter just can use circular interpolation to carry out mould from a n1 a to n2
When intending worm screw uniform rotation, on tooth form of axial direction, the flank of tooth is accurately processed in the motion of point.
Wherein cutter location coordinate determines that formula is:
X=ao-(R+m) sin ψ ± m tg α cos ψ
Z=Zo+ (R+m) cos ψ ± m tg α sin ψ
In formula: processing left surface time take+, processing right flank be take-；Ao is worm and gear centre-to-centre spacing, and Zo is worm gear center
Axial coordinate value；R is the reference radius of the worm gear being meshed with worm screw, and m is the penetraction depth of relative reference circle, and ψ is work
Making angle, α is reference circle profile angle；
The concrete formula of bootstrap is:
Helical pitch F=boot segment axial internal clearance/boot segment screw thread revolution；
From a n a to n1, screw thread axial internal clearance is (cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)；
From a n a to n1, corresponding worm gear revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 °,
Then corresponding worm screw revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1；
Therefore helical pitch F=[(cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)]/[(ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1] i.e. F=[360 °/(ψ
n1-ψn)]·[Z1/Z2]·(cosψn-cosψn1)·(R+m)
Wherein Z1 is worm screw line number, and Z2 is the worm gear number of teeth.
Main shaft perseverance rotating speed during turning helicoid；Angular velocity phase during circular interpolation cutting helicoid feed every time
With；In screw thread boot segment program, helical pitch is by guiding the operating angle of starting point and ending point, reference circle of wormwheel radius, relative cutting-in
Value, number of threads and the worm gear number of teeth determine jointly.Worm screw is carried out by the adjustment initial angle number of degrees in screw thread boot segment program
Separately.
Structural principle and use step to the present invention are described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1: worm screw is that reference center distance 250, centre-to-centre spacing add a large amount of 10.5, number of threads 2, root circle of worm arc half
Footpath Rf1=219.8, tip circle of worm arc radius Ra1=208.6, worm screw working portion length 112, the pairing master worm wheel number of teeth
58, reference circle of wormwheel radius 203, base radius 80, reference circle of worm axial tooth thickness 10.38, processing grinding allowance is the right side of 0.3
As a example by rotation planar double-enveloping worm.
Preparation:
[1] measured by CAD drawing, minimum widith 5.90 at the bottom of teeth groove, teeth groove depth capacity 11.50.Select major cutting edge width
Degree is 5, the hard alloy amputation knife of maximum cutting-in 22.
[2] choosing cutter hub clamping face remodeling angle is 7.866 ° of mean lead angle.
[3] being m=Ra1-R-10.5=-4.9 relative to cutting-in initial value during cutting knife processing, relative cutting-in stop value is m=
Rf1-R-10.5=6.3.
According to CAD drawing measurement result, arranging relative cutting-in m when-4.9～1.0 scope, point left, center, right are cut three cuttves and are cut
Go out space width；Cutting-in m relatively is when 1.0～6.3 scope, and point left and right two cuttves of cutting cut out space width.
[4] according to CAD drawing measurement result, just for avoiding tipping during cutting helicoid, by start-up phase to cutting-in m=-4.9
It is adjusted to-5.5,
I.e. initiate radius of clean-up and reduce to R+m=R-5.5=208.
[5] before processing, in addition to worm spiral face, other size is first cut and is put in place.
[6] main shaft is set as permanent rotating speed 60, each incision amount 0.08.
Start left cut, teeth groove left surface is cut.Selected Digit Control Machine Tool is FANUC system, and program segment is as follows:
X#8 Z#9；The mobile left point of a knife of cutting knife is coordinate figure to some n, parameter #8 #9, and each cutting to calculate new coordinate deeply
Value.
G32X#11 Z#12 F#13 Q#1
；This section of program is screw thread boot segment, captures worm spiral starting point n1 from a n to a n1.
；Wherein parameter #11, #12 are the coordinate of a n1, each incision change calculations value.
；Wherein helical pitch value parameter #13 depends on relative coordinate difference and number of threads and the worm gear number of teeth calculating some n to some n1
(gear ratio).
；Wherein parameter #1 determines that worm screw is separately.
G02 X#15 Z#16 F#17 R[#18+#2]
；This section of program is circular interpolation, presses enveloping worm drive rule steady circular cutting from a n1 a to n2.
；Wherein parameter #15, #16 are the coordinate of a little 3, and coordinate figure is recalculated in each incision.
；Parameter #17, #18 contain gear ratio and strengthen centre-to-centre spacing numerical value, every time cutting change calculations value, carry out corresponding
Mill amount homogenizing.
Program performed rear withdrawing to some a n3, return to a n4.Execution follow procedure:
Beginning is cut, goes surplus to cut teeth groove pars intermedia.Program segment is as follows:
X#8 Z#9；Move cutoff edge midpoint again to teeth groove intermediate point, new calculating point n.
G32 X#11 Z#12 F#13 Q#1；Screw thread guides, and captures new starting point n1 of worm spiral from a n a to n1.
G02 X#15 Z#16 F#17 R[#18+#2]；Circular interpolation, from new some n1 to new some n2 steady circular cutting.
Program has performed rear withdrawing and has put a n3 to calculating, returns to calculate a some n4.
Start right cut, teeth groove right flank is cut.Program segment is as follows:
X#8 Z#9
G32 X#11 Z#12 F#13 Q#1
G02 X#15 Z#16 F#17 R[#18+#2]
Program has performed rear withdrawing and has put a n3 to calculating, returns to calculate a some n4.
When being more than an incision amount 0.08, first helix of worm screw is carried out left, center, right three cutter and cuts out space width
Degree.
Adjust parameter #1 value after completing separately, cut next helix of worm screw.Constantly adjust parameter #1 until cutting all
Head number.
Then adjust #2 value, increase radius of clean-up, again incision 0.08, successively car worm screw each head helix, left, center, right
Three cuttves cut out teeth groove.
So circulation, constantly calculates new coordinate points and helical pitch, controls separately to cut.
When cutting-in arrives #18+1=223.5, two cuttves can cut out space width, cuts only left and right two cuttves and cut out in i.e. omitting
Teeth groove.
Along with the #18+6.3=219.8 that deepens continuously of radius of clean-up, above program perform altogether 377 times cutting can be complete
Become the processing of the whole helicoid of worm screw.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm, it is characterised in that by worm screw clamping to be processed in numerical control
On lathe, its place plane is S, and worm screw to be processed fillet radius in plane S is Rf1, tip circle of worm arc radius is
Ra1, reference radius are R, and amputation knife main cutting edge width is L, and n, n1 are respectively on teeth groove side, shaft section extension
Individual point when enveloping worm rotates teeth groove variation corresponding to two instantaneous positions；Arranging worm screw rotating speed perseverance is s, mobile amputation knife
Respective face point of a knife to n point, performs bootstrap and makes corresponding point of a knife to n1 point, then carry out interpolation with R+m for radius of clean-up from n1 point
Motion, processes the arc spiral line of a side, and withdrawing is to initial n point, and in like manner cutting another side arc spiral line, completes
The cutting in worm spiral face.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at car
Cut main shaft perseverance rotating speed during helicoid.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that every time
During circular interpolation cutting helicoid feed, angular velocity is identical.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that screw thread
In boot segment program, helical pitch is by guiding the operating angle of starting point and ending point, reference circle of wormwheel radius, relative cutting-in value, worm screw head
Number and the worm gear number of teeth determine jointly.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at spiral shell
Stricture of vagina bootstrap carries out the parted hair of worm screw by adjusting the initial angle number of degrees.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein
M is relative cutting-in, is on worm spiral face certain difference putting relative reference circle of wormwheel radius R；In bootstrap, i.e. worm screw rotation
Put while n forwarded some n1 to after transhipment is dynamic on tooth form of axial direction, cutter also from a n a to n1, at this time point on worm tooth shape
The C axle rotary angle position of n1 and X-coordinate Z coordinate be exactly cutter need position.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein
Cutter location coordinate determines that formula is:
X=ao-(R+m) sin ψ ± m tg α cos ψ
Z=Zo+ (R+m) cos ψ ± m tg α sin ψ
In formula: ao is worm and gear centre-to-centre spacing, Zo is the axial coordinate value at worm gear center；R is the worm gear being meshed with worm screw
Reference radius, m is the penetraction depth of relative reference circle, and ψ is operating angle, and α is reference circle profile angle.
The method of a kind of lathe in machining helical surface of enveloping worm the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that guide
The concrete formula of program is:
Helical pitch F=boot segment axial internal clearance/boot segment screw thread revolution；
From a n a to n1, screw thread axial internal clearance is (cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)；
From a n a to n1, corresponding worm gear revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 °,
Then corresponding worm screw revolution is (ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1；
Therefore helical pitch F=[(cos ψ n-cos ψ n1) (R+m)]/[(ψ n1-ψ n)/360 ° of Z2/Z1] i.e. F=[360 °/(ψ n1-ψ
n)]·[Z1/Z2]·(cosψn-cosψn1)·(R+m)
Wherein Z1 is worm screw line number, and Z2 is the worm gear number of teeth.
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| CN106881768B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2018-11-09 | 泉州华中科技大学智能制造研究院 | A kind of method that saw blade processes concave arc on stone material |
| CN106881768A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-23 | 泉州华中科技大学智能制造研究院 | A kind of method that saw blade processes concave arc on stone material |
| CN106825711A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | The method for milling of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN106825710A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | The milling method of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN106825710B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | The milling method of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN106825711B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-16 | 中国农业大学 | The method for milling of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN107830284A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-03-23 | 江西艾克实业有限公司 | A kind of circular thread uses |
| CN110508879A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-29 | 扬州大学 | A kind of the numerical control turning overlap and chamfering method of toroid enveloping worm with involute helicoid generatrix |
| CN110508879B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2020-07-07 | 扬州大学 | Numerical control turning flash and chamfering method for involute surface enveloping ring surface worm |
| CN111857040A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 清华大学 | Main shaft following synchronous control method for improving thread turning precision |
| CN111857040B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-10-08 | 清华大学 | Main shaft following synchronous control method for improving thread turning precision |
| CN112974937A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-18 | 绵阳恒弘机械制造有限责任公司 | Method for machining annular groove body on hole wall, programming method thereof and machining system thereof |
| CN112974937B (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2023-10-20 | 绵阳恒弘机械制造有限责任公司 | Processing method for annular groove body on hole wall, programming method thereof and processing system thereof |
| CN113941741A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-18 | 天津理工大学 | Processing method of homogenization allowance curved surface of multi-head double-conical enveloping worm |
| CN113941741B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-08-05 | 天津理工大学 | Processing method of homogenization allowance curved surface of multi-head double-conical enveloping worm |
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