CN106266827B - 一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途 - Google Patents
一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106266827B CN106266827B CN201610730477.4A CN201610730477A CN106266827B CN 106266827 B CN106266827 B CN 106266827B CN 201610730477 A CN201610730477 A CN 201610730477A CN 106266827 B CN106266827 B CN 106266827B
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- alpine yallow
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途,该口服制剂是由一枝蒿、菝葜、没食子、海螵蛸、芫荽子、珊瑚、黑种草子制成,通过对大鼠离体胃肠道平滑肌收缩活动有明显的促进作用,对大鼠反流性食管炎黏膜具有明显的保护作用,对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀引起的急性炎症、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀引起的亚急性炎症、大鼠棉球肉芽肿引起的慢性炎症以及炎症介质PGE2的生成均具有明显的抑制作用,对胃酸过多具有中和作用。经临床研究和实验研究表明,该一枝蒿复方口服制剂清除局部的异常胆液质及瘀血,收敛固涩,消食下气。对反流性食管炎、胃炎的治疗作用显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途。该制剂用于反流性食管炎、胃炎的药物中的用途。
背景技术
胃食管反流病(GERD)是一个由多因素引起的疾病,目前多数学者认为其发病机制主要是抗反流防御机制的减弱和反流物对食管的攻击作用增强。前者包括:食管下括约肌(LES)压力降低、一过性食管下括约肌松弛、食管清除能力下降、隔脚抗反流作用减弱、并发食管裂孔疝、食管黏膜屏障受损及胃十二指肠功能异常。后者主要指胃酸、胃蛋白酶和十二指肠反流物的攻击作用。此外,研究表明年龄、性别、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、精神心理因素及遗传因素在GERD发病中均有重要作用。近年胃食管反流病的发病机制在解剖结构作用、细胞分子学水平及基因水平研究都有新进展。而5-HT-迷走神经-传入纤维神经肽分泌途径将是GERD研究领域新的研究方向。
西医治疗目标是缓解症状,修复黏膜损伤,提高生活质量,预防复发及并发症。除改变生活方式等基础治疗外,药物治疗仍是治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)的主要方法,常用药物有:①抑酸药:H2受体拮抗剂和质子泵抑制剂(PPI)类;②黏膜保护剂,包括铝剂、铋剂和前列腺素及其衍生物;③促胃肠动力药:如吗丁啉、莫沙必利等。2013年美国胃肠病学院胃食管反流病诊断和处理指南提出,8周PPI治疗可缓解症状和愈合糜烂性食管炎,且不同PPI间疗效无显差异。对于顽固性胃食管反流病(GERD)常常采用西药联合治疗。抑酸药与促胃肠动力剂经常联用,而抑酸、促胃肠动力与黏膜保护剂联用即是所谓的“三联疗法”。对PPI依赖或不愿长期服药的胃食管反流病(GERD)患者,可行外科手术或内镜下治疗。腹腔镜下胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)有效,疗效持久,因此可作为需长期药物治疗者的选择。内镜下治疗是新近发展的治疗技术,主要包括防反流治疗、贲门缝扎术、黏膜下注射药物、射频能量、热损伤等方式,但目前进行中的各种内镜下治疗未能显示长期疗效。
中医药的治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)医生根据自己的临床经验来辨证分型,选方用药。即本病分气郁证、痰气交阻证、肝胃郁热证及气滞血瘀证4类,其中气郁证治以理气解郁、和胃降逆,方用木香调气散;痰气交阻证治以理气解郁、化痰散结,方用半夏厚朴汤加减;肝胃郁热证,治以清泄肝胃郁热、理气降逆,方用左金丸、大黄甘草汤、济生橘皮竹茹汤等加减;气滞血瘀证治以行气化瘀,可用血府逐瘀汤随证加减。并强调临床应用时当注意润燥、升降、宣通等施治原则和方药的配伍。同时提出改进服药方法为煎糊剂卧位服药法。本病病机以肝胃不和,脾胃升降失调,胃气上逆,痰、气、火、食、瘀互结于食管为关键,故治疗的基本原则为和胃降逆,常以疏肝和胃、化痰开郁、泻火降逆、行气活血、清胃滋阴、益气健脾等为主要治法。此外,有不少研究者根据自身临床实践经验运用专方专药或基础方加减治疗治疗胃食管反流病(GERD),也取得了较好的效果。
维吾尔医学对胃酸过多、吐酸、胃炎的诊疗历史悠久,积累了丰富的理论和临床实践经验。在反流性食管炎的药物治疗方面各有其独特的优点,并在长期的治疗过程中,形成了很多疗效显著、副作用低的复方药物。本发明所涉及的一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途,由一枝蒿、菝葜、没食子、海螵蛸、芫荽子、珊瑚、黑种草子7味药材组成。通过临床研究和实验研究表明,该复方口服制剂清除局部的异常胆液质及瘀血,收敛固涩,消食下气。对反流性食管炎、胃炎的治疗作用显著。
通过实验研究,一枝蒿复方口服制剂对大鼠离体胃肠道平滑肌收缩活动有明显的促进作用,对大鼠反流性食管炎黏膜具有明显的保护作用,对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀引起的急性炎症、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀引起的亚急性炎症、大鼠棉球肉芽肿引起的慢性炎症以及炎症介质PGE2的生成均具有明显的抑制作用,对胃酸过多具有中和作用。表明一枝蒿复方口服制剂可通过促进胃动力,抗炎及抑制胃酸作用,从而达到治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的目的。
发明内容
本发明目的在于,提供一种一枝蒿复方口服制剂及用途,该口服制剂是由一枝蒿、菝葜、没食子、海螵蛸、芫荽子、珊瑚、黑种草子制成,通过对大鼠离体胃肠道平滑肌收缩活动有明显的促进作用,对大鼠反流性食管炎黏膜具有明显的保护作用,对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀引起的急性炎症、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀引起的亚急性炎症、大鼠棉球肉芽肿引起的慢性炎症以及炎症介质PGE2的生成均具有明显的抑制作用,对胃酸过多具有中和作用。经临床研究和实验研究表明,该复方口服制剂清除局部的异常胆液质及瘀血,收敛固涩,消食下气。对反流性食管炎、胃炎的治疗作用显著。
本发明所述的一枝蒿复方口服制剂,该制剂每1份各组份的含量为:一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g。
所述一枝蒿复方口服制剂的制备方法,按下列步骤进行:
称取一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g,混合,粉碎过100-200目筛,按常规制药方法制成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或丸剂口服制剂;
或按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入3-15倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油,时间0.5-6小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;药渣与其余药味加入2-15倍量水,煎煮1-3次、每次0.5-5小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,按常规制药方法制成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、口服液口服制剂。
所述一枝蒿复方口服制剂在制备治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的药物中的用途。
本发明所述的一枝蒿复方口服制剂,该制剂对反流性食管炎、胃炎患者,一次口服3-20g或10-30ml,一日3次,临床效果显著
具体实施方式
实施例1(以1份为基数制备片剂)
称取一枝蒿300g、菝葜200g、没食子200g、海螵蛸100g、芫荽子100g、珊瑚100g、黑种草子100g,混合,粉碎过100目筛,按常规制药方法经灭菌消毒,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的片剂口服制剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例2(以1份为基数制备胶囊剂)
一枝蒿30g、菝葜50g、没食子40g、海螵蛸20g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚30g、黑种草子50g,混合,搅拌均匀,粉碎过100目筛,按常规制药方法经灭菌消毒,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的胶囊口服制剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例3(以1份为基数制备颗粒剂)
一枝蒿150g、菝葜100g、没食子100g、海螵蛸50g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚50g、黑种草子50g,混合,搅拌均匀,粉碎过200目筛,按常规制药方法经灭菌消毒,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的颗粒剂制剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例4(以1份为基数制备丸剂)
一枝蒿150g、菝葜100g、没食子100g、海螵蛸50g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚50g、黑种草子50g,混合,搅拌均匀,粉碎过200目筛,按常规制药方法经灭菌消毒,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的丸剂制剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例5(以1份为基数制备片剂)
按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿300g、菝葜200g、没食子200g、海螵蛸100g、芫荽子100g、珊瑚100g、黑种草子100g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入15倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油6小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入15倍量水,煎煮3次、每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的片剂制剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例6(以1份为基数制备胶囊剂)
按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿30g、菝葜50g、没食子40g、海螵蛸20g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚30g、黑种草子50g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入3倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油0.5小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入2倍量水,煎煮3次、每次0.5小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的胶囊剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例7(以1份为基数制备颗粒剂)
按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿150g、菝葜100g、没食子100g、海螵蛸50g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚50g、黑种草子50g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入5倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入5倍量水,煎煮2次、每次2小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的颗粒剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例8(以1份为基数制备丸剂)
按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿150g、菝葜100g、没食子100g、海螵蛸50g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚50g、黑种草子50g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入10倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油1.5小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入10倍量水,煎煮2次、每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的丸剂,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例9(以1份为基数制备口服液)
按常规提取方法,称取一枝蒿150g、菝葜100g、没食子100g、海螵蛸50g、芫荽子50g、珊瑚50g、黑种草子50g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入12倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油5小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入8倍量水,煎煮2次、每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后,制成治疗反流性食管炎、胃酸过多、胃炎的口服液,为每日3次,每次7克。
实施例10
本制剂对反流性食管炎、胃炎影响的药效学研究:
本研究所用供试品谓实施例7所制得颗粒剂(简称一枝蒿复方颗粒)。
一、一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠离体胃肠道平滑肌收缩活动的作用:
1材料与方法:
1.1动物:SD大鼠,雌雄兼用,体质量180-220g,由新疆实验动物研究中心,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(新)2011-0001。
1.2实验方法:
1.2.1观察一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠胃肠平滑肌条运动的影响:
大鼠禁食不禁水24h,脱颈椎处死后迅速剖开腹腔,取胃底部,去除黏膜,沿胃小弯剖开并剪取胃底平滑肌条数段,之后剪取回盲部向上距离2-3cm处长度为2cm的小肠平滑肌条数段,去除肠系膜,于台氏液中清洗内容物,置入温度37℃台式液灌流的恒温平滑肌恒温浴槽中并连续通空气,肌条下端固定于浴槽下部的弯钩上,上端与张力换能器相连,换能器连接多道生理记录仪记录肌条的收缩活动;肌条需在温浴下平衡30min,待张力曲线稳定后分别记录正常情况下大鼠胃肠平滑肌条舒缩活动曲线,再分别加入不同浓度的一枝蒿复方颗粒,待波形再次稳定后记录药物作用下胃肠平滑肌条舒缩活动曲线变化;2次给药之间以新鲜台式液反复灌洗平滑肌条3次,待张力曲线波形稳定后再加入下一种药物。
1.2.2观察一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠胃肠平滑肌运动的影响:
在温度37℃台式液灌流的恒温水浴槽中加入5μmol/L的硫酸阿托品,待胃、肠道平滑肌条张力松弛后分别加入不同浓度的一枝蒿复方颗粒,比较加入前后一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下胃肠平滑肌条活动的影响;2次给药之间以新鲜台式液反复灌洗平滑肌条3次,待张力曲线波形稳定后再加入下一种药物。
1.3统计学方法:
所有数据采用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行分析处理,实验结果以均数±标准差表示,采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果:
2.1一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌条收缩活动的影响:
在不同浓度一枝蒿复方颗粒的作用下,大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌条的收缩幅度变化见表1。结果显示,①低、中、高3种浓度(10、20和40mg/mL)的一枝蒿复方颗粒均能提高大鼠离体胃平滑肌条收缩的平均振幅,分别增加约12.1%、54.8%和85.3%,中、高差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),并且随浓度升高而具有增强趋势;②3种浓度(10、20和40mg/mL)的一枝蒿复方颗粒也均能提高大鼠离体肠道平滑肌条收缩的平均振幅,增加的百分率分别约为23.8、52.0%和152.6%,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05-0.01),并且也随浓度升高而呈逐渐增强的趋势。以上结果表明:一枝蒿复方颗粒在10-40mg/mL浓度范围内可显著加强大鼠胃肠道平滑肌条的收缩活动,并具有明显的剂量依赖关系。
表1一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌条自发活动的影响
注:n=8,各剂量组与对照组比较:*P〈0.05,**P〈0.01。
2.2一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠胃平滑肌收缩活动的影响:
不同浓度一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠胃平滑肌收缩活动的影响见表2。结果显示,在5μmol/L的阿托品作用下,胃平滑肌条的收缩幅度明显减小,比较正常对照组降低至55.9-63.2%,平滑肌呈松弛状态;在此基础上加入3种不同浓度(10、20和40mg/mL)的一枝蒿复方颗粒,可使胃平滑肌收缩显著增强,收缩幅度分别恢复至正常水平的53.1%、65.7%和94.7%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。
表2一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠离体胃平滑肌条活动的影响
注:n=8,各剂量组阿托品作用后与给药前比较:**P〈0.01;一枝蒿复方颗粒给药后与阿托品作用后比较:▲P〈0.05,▲▲P〈0.01。
结果表明:一枝蒿复方颗粒能够拮抗阿托品所致的胃平滑肌松弛,并且随药物浓度呈增强趋势,在40mg/mL一枝蒿复方颗粒的作用下效果最为显著。
2.3一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠肠道平滑肌收缩活动的影响:
不同浓度一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠胃平滑肌收缩活动的影响见表3。结果显示,在5μmol/L的阿托品作用下,肠道平滑肌条的收缩幅度明显减弱,降低至正常对照组的57.8-60%,平滑肌呈松弛状态。在此基础上加入3种同浓度(10、20和40mg/mL)的一枝蒿复方颗粒,可使肠道平滑肌收缩显著增强,收缩幅度分别恢复至正常水平的52.5%、76.0%和85.9%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。
表3一枝蒿复方颗粒对阿托品作用下大鼠离体肠道平滑肌条活动的影响
注:n=8,各剂量组阿托品作用后与给药前比较:**P〈0.01;一枝蒿复方颗粒给药后与阿托品作用后比较:▲P〈0.05,▲▲P〈0.01。
结果表明:一枝蒿复方颗粒能够拮抗阿托品所致的肠道平滑肌松弛,并且随药物浓度呈增强趋势,在40mg/mL一枝蒿复方颗粒的作用下效果最为显著。
二、一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠反流性食管炎黏膜的保护作用:
1材料与方法:
1.1实验动物及分组:SD大鼠,雌雄兼用,体质量180-220g,由新疆实验动物研究中心,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(新)2011-0001。随机分为4组:模型对照组,铝碳酸镁组(500mg/kg),一枝蒿复方颗粒低、中、高剂量组(剂量分别为0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg),每组42只,雌雄各半。
1.2方法:
1.2.1混合反流模型的制作:术前后禁食24h,不禁水;用200g/L的乌拉坦腹腔麻醉(1mg/kg);将大鼠固定于手术台上,取上腹正中切口进腹,分离食管下段的血管和迷走神经,保留迷走神经,结扎贲门后将其与食管下段断开,将胃旷置,在十二指肠距幽门1cm处侧壁切开0.5cm小口,用7-0的无损伤缝线将其与食管下段进行端侧吻合。
1.2.2药物干预:术后1周模型对照组给予生理盐水1mL/d,铝碳酸镁组给予500mg/kg/d,一枝蒿复方颗粒低、中、高剂量组分别给予0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg/d。以上药物溶于1mL蒸馏水中,用大鼠灌胃器从口腔给予。
1.2.3观察项目:分别于术后22、28、35、40周各组处死大鼠8-10只,将大鼠处死后,取其食管全长,纵型剖开,观察食管黏膜损伤情况;同时留取病变黏膜组织多块,40g/L(4%)多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,HE染色,观察组织学改变。
1.3统计学处理:各组损伤积分采用均数与标准差表示,组间比较采用独立样本的t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性。
2结果:
2.1大体形态改变:术后22周各组大鼠的食管黏膜出现不同程度的充血、糜烂、溃疡形成及条状增生,管壁增厚,中下段扩张,吻合口附近可见点片状桔红色黏膜;其中模型对照组和一枝蒿复方颗粒低剂量组的病变程度和范围较铝碳酸镁组,一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组重。术后28、35、40周各组呈以增生为主的改变,特别是模型对照组吻合口附近点片状桔红色黏膜范围扩大,可见结节状增生,有的结节导致吻合口狭窄,吻合口上端扩张明显;而铝碳酸镁组,一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组仍以条状增生为主,病变程度和范围无明显改变。
2.2组织学改变:各组大鼠的食管黏膜均有以下组织学改变:①炎症:黏膜层内可见不同程度的炎细胞浸润,以淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞为主;②糜烂:黏膜层的局限性缺损并伴有炎细胞浸润;③溃疡:穿透整个黏膜层的局限性缺损,周围有炎细胞浸润、肉芽组织形成或有纤维化;④黏膜固有层乳头状延伸;⑤上皮增生:以基底细胞和棘细胞为主;⑥不典型增生:增生的上皮细胞排列紊乱,极向消失,细胞大小不一,形态多样,核大而浓染,核浆比例失调;⑦Barrett食管(食管下端有不正常的柱状上皮覆盖,称之为Barrett食管):食管的正常鳞状上皮被柱状上皮取代;⑧腺癌。根据炎症、上皮增生和不典型增生的轻、中、重度分别积1、2、3分;糜烂和黏膜固有层乳头状延伸积2分;溃疡和Barrett食管积3分;腺癌积5分。按病变占食管全长的比例分轻、中、重度各积1、2、3分。轻度<1/3,中度<2/3,重度>2/3。根据各例的不同组织学变化及程度,按上述积分换算成损伤积分,逐一记录。
2.3各组不同时间损伤积分变化:22、28、35、40周各组的损伤积结果显示,不同时间模型组的损伤程度均高于铝碳酸镁组和一枝蒿复方颗粒低、中、高剂量组;一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组的损伤程度较模型组明显改善(P〈0.05-0.01)(表4)。
表4不同时间各组损伤积分
注:各给药组与模型组比较:*P〈0.05,**P〈0.01。
2.4各组不同时间Barrett食管发生情况:模型组的Barrett食管的发生率在22、28、35和40周时高于铝碳酸镁组和一芫颗粒低、中、高剂量组;不同时间模型组的重度不典型增生的发生率高于其他4组,有统计学差异(P<0.05-0.01),铝碳酸镁组和一枝蒿复方颗粒低、中、高剂量组不同时间Barrett食管(BE%)和重度不典型增生(AH%)的发生率均有明显降低,与模型组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05-0.01),见表5。
表5各组不同时间Barrett食管(BE%)和重度不典型增生(AH%)的发生情况
注:各给药组与模型组比较:*P〈0.05,**P〈0.01。
三、一枝蒿复方颗粒抗炎作用:
1材料与方法:
1.1药物:地塞米松:濮阳市汇元药业有限公司,规格:1mL:2mg,国药准字:H41022093,批号:090603;吲哚美辛片:开封永康药业有限公司,规格25mg/片,国药准字号:H41021631,批号:20090409;阿司匹林片:山东新华制药股份有限公司,规格0.22g/片,批号:20100113;
1.2动物:昆明种小鼠:18-22g,雄,新疆实验动物研究中心提供,许可证号:SCXK(新)2011-0001;SD大鼠:180-220g,雄,新疆医科大学,许可证号:SCXK(新)2011-0003。
1.2实验方法:
1.2.1一枝蒿复方颗粒对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的影响:
取昆明种雄性小鼠50只,体重18-22g,随机分成5组,每组10只,即模型组、地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中剂量组、一枝蒿复方颗粒低剂量组。地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予5mg/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg、1g/kg;模型组给予等体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液,每天一次。第3天给药1h后,乙醚麻醉小鼠,每只小鼠右耳正背面以微量移液器滴涂100%二甲苯致炎,0.02mL/只,左耳不作处理,1h后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,沿耳廓基线剪下双耳,用直径为7mm的打孔器在同一部位打下圆耳片,称重,计算肿胀度、肿胀率。
肿胀度=右耳片重量-左耳片重量;肿胀率=肿胀度/左耳片重量。
1.2.2一枝蒿复方颗粒对小鼠气囊肿角叉菜胶致炎性渗出的影响:
取昆明种雄性小鼠60只,体重18-22g,随机分成6组,每组10只,即空白对照组、模型组、吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组;吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予7.5mg/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg、1g/kg;模型组给予等体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液。除吲哚美辛组外各组均按剂量灌胃给药,每天一次;第1天给药后,各鼠背部皮下注射空气5mL(0.22μm微孔滤膜事先过滤除菌);第3天再次注入空气3mL,维持气囊肿胀。第6天再次注入空气3mL,同时吲哚美辛组按剂量开始口服给药;给药两小时后,空白对照组各鼠气囊内注入0.8mL的生理盐水,其他各组各鼠气囊内注入0.8mL 0.1%的角叉菜胶溶液;6h后处死,气囊内注入含50IU/mL肝素钠的冰生理盐水2.0mL,轻轻按压,用注射器吸出渗出液约1.5mL,1600r/min离心,20min(温度4℃),上清液分离,温度-70℃保存备用;取上述分离的上清液0.3mL放入5mL EP管中,加入0.5mol/L KOH甲醇溶液1.0mL,温度50℃水浴20min异构化,加甲醇2.5mL,于波长为275nm处,用紫外分光光度法测定其吸光度值,以吸光度值表示PGE2的含量。
1.2.3一枝蒿复方颗粒对角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀影响:
取雄性SD大鼠50只,180-220g,随机分成5组,每组10只,即模型组、吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中剂量组、一枝蒿复方颗粒低剂量组。吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予7.5mg/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg、1g/kg;模型组给予等体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液,给药共7d,每天一次;末次给药前以数显卡尺测定各组右后足厚度,给药0.5h后,每鼠在右后足趾中部皮下注射0.1%角叉菜胶生理盐水溶液0.1mL,进行致炎;1、2、3、4h后用数显卡尺测定右后足厚度,计算肿胀率。肿胀率=(致炎后足趾厚度-至炎前足趾厚度)/至炎前组织厚度×100%。
1.2.4一枝蒿复方颗粒对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响:
取昆明种雄性小鼠50只,体重18-22g,随机分成5组,即模型组、阿司匹林组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组;阿司匹林组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予200mg/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg、1g/kg;模型组给予等体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液,共给药4天,每天1次;末次给药1h后,各鼠尾静脉注射0.5%伊文思蓝生理盐水溶液0.1mL/10g,随即腹腔注射0.8%冰醋酸生理盐水溶液0.1mL/10g,20min后处死小鼠,用3mL生理盐水洗涤腹腔,用吸管吸出洗涤液,3000r/min,离心15min,取上清液于酶标仪570nm处测定吸光度。
1.2.5一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠棉球肉芽肿的影响:
精密称取50个50mg±1mg的棉球,温度121℃,69Kpa,高压灭菌15min,每个棉球在无菌条件下加入氨苄青霉素1mg/mL,温度50℃烘箱烘干备用。取雄性SD大鼠50只,180-220g,随机分成5组,每组10只,即模型组、地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组;地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予1.5mg/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg、1g/kg;模型组给予等体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液,每天一次,连续7天;首次给药1h后,乙醚浅麻醉大鼠,无菌条件下做前肢腋下切口,将已准备好的棉球植入大鼠两侧腋窝部皮下,碘酊消毒,每天2次;第8天,颈椎脱臼处死大鼠,取出棉球肉芽组织,温度50℃烘箱中烘干,称重,计算肉芽肿重量,肉芽肿抑制率。
肉芽肿重量=(棉球肉芽组织重量-原棉球的重量)/100g(体重)
1.2.6统计学处理:
所有数据均输入SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计学处理,各组数据均进行t检验,采用均数±标准差表示。
2结果:
2.1一枝蒿复方颗粒对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的结果:
地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组均可抑制二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀。模型组、地塞米松组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组对小鼠耳肿胀度分别为12.85±2.68mg、6.15±1.50mg、7.89±2.13mg、5.27±1.75mg。结果详见表6。
表6一枝蒿复方颗粒对二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀的影响
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
2.2一枝蒿复方颗粒对小鼠气囊肿角叉菜胶致炎性渗出的影响结果:
吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组能够显著抑制炎性渗出物PGE2的生成。模型对照组、吲哚美辛组、一枝蒿复方颗粒中、高剂量组的渗出物吸光度值为0.4810±0.1012、0.1711±0.0534、0.2994±0.0541、0.1777±0.0478。结果详见表7。
表7一枝蒿复方颗粒对小鼠气囊肿渗出液PGE2的影响
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,***P<0.001
2.3一枝蒿复方颗粒对角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀影响结果:
一枝蒿复方颗粒高、中、低剂量组均可以抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀。结果详见表8。
表8一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠足趾肿胀的影响
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001
2.4一枝蒿复方颗粒对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的结果:
阿司匹林组与一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组均能很好的抑制醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性。阿司匹林组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组、模型组的吸光度分为0.1436±0.0401、0.1619±0.0352、0.2538±0.0445。结果见表9。
表9一枝蒿复方颗粒对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05
2.5一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠棉球肉芽肿影响结果:
与模型对照组比较,一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组、地塞米松组均能明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿增生;阿司匹林组、一枝蒿复方颗粒高剂量组对棉球肉芽肿的抑制率分别为31.39%、18.09%。结果见表10。
表10一枝蒿复方颗粒对大鼠棉球肉芽肿的影响
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05
四、一枝蒿复方颗粒对胃酸中和作用:
1试剂与药品:
1.1NaOH滴定液(1/10mmol/L):按中国药典制备。
1.2盐酸溶液(人工胃酸酸度):取浓盐酸9ml加蒸馏水至1000ml,测得浓度为0.1090mol/L。
1.3酚酞指示液:取酚酞1g,加乙醇100ml使溶解即得。
1.4一枝蒿复方颗粒制备:称取一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入3-15倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油,时间0.5-6小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;将药渣与其余药味加入2-15倍量水,煎煮1-3次、每次0.5-5小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,将混合物A与混合物B混匀,调pH值7,按常规制药方法制成颗粒剂。
2实验方法:
取一枝蒿复方颗粒约0.4-0.6g,精密称定,置250ml三角烧瓶内,精密吸取盐酸溶液(0.1090mol/L)70ml,置入称有一枝蒿复方颗粒的三角烧瓶内,振摇均匀,在温度37℃水浴放置1h,加酚酞指示液指示,用NaOH滴定液滴定中和碳酸钙过剩的盐酸;每克一枝蒿复方颗粒中和胃酸毫升数的计算公式:
(CHCl=盐酸的浓度;VHCl=盐酸的体积;CNaOH=氢氧化钠的浓度;VNaOH=氢氧化钠的体积)
3结果:
表11一枝蒿复方口服液制胃酸量测定
一枝蒿复方颗粒治疗胃炎等病人,效果优于化学药品氢氧化铝凝胶、碳酸氢钠等药物。碳酸氢钠中和胃酸放出二氧化碳速度太快,易引发胃胀和胃溃疡穿孔等不良后果。本制剂中和胃酸时缓慢放出二氧化碳,不会发生上述药物的不良反应。
五、总结
由以上研究结果,一枝蒿复方口服制剂对大鼠离体胃肠道平滑肌收缩活动有明显的促进作用,对大鼠反流性食管炎黏膜具有明显的保护作用,对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀引起的急性炎症、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀引起的亚急性炎症、大鼠棉球肉芽肿引起的慢性炎症以及炎症介质PGE2的生成均具有明显的抑制作用,对胃酸过多具有中和作用。表明一枝蒿复方口服制剂可通过促进胃动力,抗炎及抑制胃酸作用,从而达到治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的目的。
Claims (1)
1.一种一枝蒿复方口服制剂在制备治疗反流性食管炎、胃炎的药物中的用途,其特征在于称取一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g,混合,粉碎过100-200目筛制成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或丸剂口服制剂;
或称取一枝蒿30-300g、菝葜50-200g、没食子40-290g、海螵蛸20-120g、芫荽子50-100g、珊瑚30-100g、黑种草子50-260g,先将芫荽子、黑种草子两味药材加入3-15倍量水,蒸馏法提取挥发油,时间0.5-6小时,收集挥发油得混合物A;药渣与其余药味加入2-15倍量水,煎煮1-3次、每次0.5-5小时,过滤,合并滤液,用乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇,浓缩得混合物B,再将混合物A与混合物B混匀后制成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂或口服液制剂。
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