CN106243972A - 一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法 - Google Patents

一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法 Download PDF

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CN106243972A
CN106243972A CN201610615468.0A CN201610615468A CN106243972A CN 106243972 A CN106243972 A CN 106243972A CN 201610615468 A CN201610615468 A CN 201610615468A CN 106243972 A CN106243972 A CN 106243972A
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宋国新
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法,包括以下步骤:(1)对高铁混凝土的表面进行处理,然后向处理后的混凝土表面喷涂底漆;(2)向喷涂底漆后的混凝土表面喷涂聚脲防水涂料;(3)向喷涂聚脲防水涂料的混凝土表面喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料。本发明的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,通过合理的配比,优选出适合高铁专用防水涂料的抗静电剂、无机抗菌剂种类及用量,提高了抗菌性能,并具有良好的抗静电,具有优异的物理机械性能、耐温性、耐候性、阻燃性、耐化学介质性及突出的耐磨性,施工方便,效率高。

Description

一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防水施工技术领域,尤其涉及一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法。
背景技术
高速铁路简称“高铁”,是指通过改造原有线路(直线化、轨距标准化),使最高营运速率达到不小于每小时200公里,或者专门修建新的“高速新线”,使营运速率达到每小时至少250公里的铁路系统。
防水材料主要有三类:防水卷材、聚氨酯防水材料、新型聚合物水泥基防水材料。防水材料主要是用来防止雨水、地下水、工业和民用的给排水、腐蚀性液体以及空气中的湿气、蒸气等侵入建筑物。
铁路线主要由路基、桥梁和隧道组成,由于高铁、客运专线的运行特点,桥梁占线路比例大幅增加,已超过50%。在桥梁混凝土桥面设置防水层,可以有效阻隔水渗入桥面板结构内,减缓混凝土的老化及桥面板内钢筋锈蚀,从而达到提高混凝土桥结构耐久性的目的。所以桥面防水是混凝土桥梁工程中的一个重要组成部分,目前高铁用防水涂料模量和弹性不可兼顾。
现有的高铁用聚氨酯防水涂料,因拉伸强度需要,其一般为双组分聚氨酯,分为甲组分和乙组分,在使用过程中需要将甲、乙组分按照一定比例混合,搅拌均匀后才能使用。一般甲组分为聚氨酯预聚体,乙组分为固化体系。因为双组分高铁用聚氨酯防水涂料在施工前存在配料工序,所以容易发生计量差错,导致防水涂膜物理性能及防水效果降低;涂料在搅拌过程中容易起泡,使防水涂膜中间易出现暗泡、针孔,影响外观和防水效果;甲、乙组分在搅拌均匀后,必须在其固化时间内使用完材料,否则材料会因反应使粘度上升,变稠后无法刮涂或辊涂。
本发明提供了一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法,具有优异的防水、阻燃、抗菌效果。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对高铁混凝土的表面进行处理,然后向处理后的混凝土表面喷涂底漆;
(2)向喷涂底漆后的混凝土表面喷涂聚脲防水涂料;
(3)向喷涂聚脲防水涂料的混凝土表面喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料。
优选地,所述的聚氨酯防水涂料由下述重量份的原料制备而成:聚醚HSH-220 25-35份、聚醚DL-2000D 15-25份、1,6-己二异氰酸酯7-17份、辛酸亚锡0.1-0.3份、滑石粉5-15份、无机抗菌剂2-8份、抗静电剂0.5-1.5份。
优选地,所述的抗静电剂为三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中的一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵混合而成,所述三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
优选地,所述的无机抗菌剂为溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的无机抗菌剂由溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌混合而成,所述溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
优选地,所述的底漆可以制备或购买得到,如采用专利申请号:201310036042.6中实施例1的方法制备。
优选地,所述的聚脲防水涂料可以制备或购买得到,如采用专利申请号:200910009485.X中实施例1的方法制备。
本发明的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,通过合理的配比,优选出适合高铁专用防水涂料的抗静电剂、无机抗菌剂种类及用量,提高了抗菌性能,并具有良好的抗静电,具有优异的物理机械性能、耐温性、耐候性、阻燃性、耐化学介质性及突出的耐磨性,施工方便,效率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,以下所述,仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例中各原料介绍:
聚醚HSH-220,采用江苏省海安石油化工厂提供的牌号为HSH-220,羟值为53-59mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
聚醚DL-2000D,采用山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司提供的牌号为DL-2000D,羟值为54.5-57.5mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
辛酸亚锡,CAS号:301-10-0。
1,6-己二异氰酸酯,CAS号:822-06-0。
滑石粉,CAS号:14807-96-6,具体采用上海亮江钛白化工制品有限公司提供的1250目涂料级滑石粉。
溴化银,CAS号:7785-23-1,粒径800目。
磷酸二氢锌,CAS号:13598-37-3,粒径800目。
钨酸锌,CAS号:13597-56-3,粒径800目。
三(2-氨基乙基)胺,CAS号:4097-89-6。
十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,CAS号:112-02-7。
双十烷基二甲基氯化铵,CAS号:7173-51-5。
底漆采用专利申请号:201310036042.6中实施例1所示方法制备。
聚脲防水涂料采用专利申请号:200910009485.X中实施例1所示方法制备。
实施例1
高铁混凝土防水施工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对高铁混凝土(混凝土桥面质量应满足《客运专线铁路桥涵工程施工质量验收标准》,控制含水率为5wt%)的表面去除混凝土表面的表面浮浆、松散颗粒、油污等污染物,控制混凝土表面平整度达到2mm/1m,将混凝土表面粗糙程度处理至符合SP3~SP5要求,然后向处理后的混凝土表面喷涂底漆,底漆喷涂量为每平方米混凝土喷涂底漆0.5kg;
(2)喷涂底漆24小时后,向喷涂底漆后的混凝土表面喷涂聚脲防水涂料,得到聚脲防水涂料层,聚脲防水涂料层厚度为3mm;
(3)喷涂底漆3小时后,向喷涂聚脲防水涂料的混凝土表面喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料,得到聚氨酯防水涂料层,聚氨酯防水涂料层厚度为120μm。
所述的聚氨酯防水涂料由下述重量份的原料制备而成:聚醚HSH-220 30份、聚醚DL-2000D 20份、1,6-己二异氰酸酯10份、辛酸亚锡0.15份、滑石粉8份、无机抗菌剂3份、抗静电剂0.9份。
所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的无机抗菌剂由溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
聚氨酯防水涂料的制备:
(1)按配比将聚醚HSH-220、聚醚DL-2000D、无机抗菌剂、抗静电剂加入反应釜中,加热至温度为105℃并将温度控制为105℃,以转速为400转/分搅拌20分钟;然后加入滑石粉,将温度控制为105℃,以转速为400转/分搅拌10分钟;
(2)将温度升至120℃并将温度控制为120℃,减压至-0.095MPa真空脱水2小时后去除真空;降温至80℃并将温度控制为80℃,加入1,6-己二异氰酸酯以转速为400转/分搅拌2小时;
(3)将温度控制为80℃,加入辛酸亚锡以转速为400转/分搅拌0.5小时,停止搅拌,冷却降温至60℃,在-0.05MPa下真空脱泡15分钟。得到聚氨酯防水涂料。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的无机抗菌剂由磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的无机抗菌剂由溴化银、钨酸锌按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的无机抗菌剂由溴化银、磷酸二氢锌按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的抗静电剂由十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于:所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
测试例1
对实施例1-7的聚氨酯防水涂料层的抗菌性能进行测试,采用常规微生物杀菌力检测,大肠杆菌ATYCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538。具体测试结果见表1。
表1:高铁混凝土防水施工方法的抗菌性能测试数据
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,在无机抗菌剂加入总量相同的情况下,实施例1(溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例2-4(溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7,在抗静电剂加入总量相同的情况下,实施例1(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例5-7(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
对实施例1-7高铁混凝土防水施工方法的聚氨酯防水涂料层表面电阻率进行测试,表面电阻用上海第六电表厂生产的ZC36型超高型电阻仪测定。具体结果见表2。
表2:高铁混凝土防水施工方法的抗静电性能测试表
表面电阻率/Ω
实施例1 1.7×108
实施例2 2.1×108
实施例3 2.2×108
实施例4 2.5×108
实施例5 2.9×108
实施例6 3.2×108
实施例7 3.1×108
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,在无机抗菌剂加入总量相同的情况下,实施例1(溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌复配)抗静电性能明显优于实施例2-4(溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7,在抗静电剂加入总量相同的情况下,实施例1(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵复配)抗静电性能明显优于实施例5-7(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中任意二者复配)。

Claims (5)

1.一种高铁混凝土防水施工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对高铁混凝土的表面进行处理,然后向处理后的混凝土表面喷涂底漆;
(2)向喷涂底漆后的混凝土表面喷涂聚脲防水涂料;
(3)向喷涂聚脲防水涂料的混凝土表面喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料。
所述的聚氨酯防水涂料由下述重量份的原料制备而成:聚醚HSH-22025-35份、聚醚DL-2000D 15-25份、1,6-己二异氰酸酯7-17份、辛酸亚锡0.1-0.3份、滑石粉5-15份、无机抗菌剂2-8份、抗静电剂0.5-1.5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,其特征在于:所述的抗静电剂为三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中的一种或多种的混合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,其特征在于:所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵混合而成,所述三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,其特征在于:所述的无机抗菌剂为溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌中一种或多种的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的高铁混凝土防水施工方法,其特征在于:所述的无机抗菌剂由溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌混合而成,所述溴化银、磷酸二氢锌、钨酸锌的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
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