CN106242816B - A kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer Download PDF

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CN106242816B
CN106242816B CN201610695117.5A CN201610695117A CN106242816B CN 106242816 B CN106242816 B CN 106242816B CN 201610695117 A CN201610695117 A CN 201610695117A CN 106242816 B CN106242816 B CN 106242816B
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organic silicon
fertilizer
seaweed
preparation
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CN106242816A (en
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单俊伟
刘海燕
马栋
但丽霞
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Qingdao Haida biological Group Co.,Ltd.
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QINGDAO SEAWIN BIOTECH GROUP Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00Other organic fertilisers

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, are related to a kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer.For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the fertilizer efficiency for further increasing seaweed siliceous fertilizer and crop are to the utilization rate of fertilizer, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of simple process, dissolubility is good, highly concentrated water soluble algae organic silicon fertilizer and preparation method thereof, preparation method includes the following steps: A, marine algae extract preparation: the marine algae extract is to be prepared using three-level continuous extraction by hot water extraction, organic solvent ultrasonic extraction, enzyme degradation three-level extraction;B, it prepares seaweed organic silicon fertilizer: by 50 parts of -1000 parts of addition material-compound tanks of marine algae extract, 9000 parts -9950 parts of SILICA FUME being then added into material-compound tank, mixture is prepared into seaweed organic silicon fertilizer after mixing.Seaweed organic silicon fertilizer applicability of the present invention is wide, can need to be widely used on silicon or the crop for liking silicon in rice, sugarcane, herbage, diatom, Equisetum, tomato etc., and its cheap reason, using effect is good, suits large area to popularize.

Description

A kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, are related to a kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer.
Background technique
Element silicon thinks the Four Plants nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by international soil circle, and silicon is to plant growth Effect shows in the following areas:
1, the photosynthesis of raising crop: the photosynthetic efficiency of the gramineous crops such as silicon raising rice, barley and wheat, sugarcane, one Aspect is because the silicon being deposited in epidermal cell keeps plant tall and straight, and blade becomes smaller with stem angle, improves the light of plant Gesture improves the intercepting and capturing and utilization of plant pair light.On the other hand silicified cell in silicon plant leaf is applied to the transmission amount of scattering light Much larger than other cells, thus it can significantly promote light quantum from epidermis to leaf photosynthesis cell and in stalk cortical tissue Transmitting reduces the optical density on influences of plant crown top and canopy extinction coefficient, and the Irradiance inside group improves.
2, improve root system activity: the activities present that silicon improves root system can be such that the white root of rice root increases in silicon, improve The ɑ of rice root-naphthylamines oxidizing force, enhance rice root secretes oxygen ability, improves the dehydrogenase activity of root, to mitigate anaerobism Under the conditions of reproducibility is harmful, noxious material such as Fe2+、Mn2+、H2The harm to root system such as S.Tip of a root end and nearly tip can be improved again The elasticity and viscosity of cell wall, promote the elongation growth of root.
3, lodging tolerance is improved: since the silicon being deposited in epidermal cell wall forms " the bis- silicon layers of cutin-", the machine of stem Tool intensity increases, and pulls out plant, the lodging phenomenon of the crops such as rice, barley and wheat can be effectively prevented.
4, enhance disease resistance: siliceous fertilizer can significantly mitigate the aphid damage of the snout moth's larva of rice, planthopper and barley and wheat, can mention The Curcurbitaceaes such as high cucumber, wax gourd, muskmelon, watermelon object mitigates fungal disease such as downy mildew, rotten mildew, the resistance of powdery mildew The disease incidence of tomato blossom-end rot.One viewpoint thinks that the silicon assembled in host cell can form a kind of mechanical obstacles to germ, in turn Improve disease and insect resistance.Another viewpoint thinks that host plays Metabolism regulation with silicon when pathogenic fungi interaction, and silicon induces plant to produce A series of raw biochemical reactions being associated with disease resistance, to enhance the disease resistance of plant.
5, it improves the anti-adversity ability of plant: (1) alleviating metal ion and poison;(2) alleviate salt stress;(3) enhance drought resistance: Reduce transpiration rate, enhancing water conservation drought-resistant ability.
6, promote absorption to nutrient, improve internal nutrient balance: silicon can by promote or inhibit crop to it is certain must The absorption and transport for needing nutrient are so as to improve the intracorporal nutrient unbalance condition of crop.
7, improve crop yield, improving quality: the gramineous crops such as rice, barley and wheat, corn, sugarcane, cucumber, wax gourd, The crops such as watermelon, muskmelon Deng Hu Lu Ke crop and tomato, soybean, strawberry, cotton have obvious reaction to siliceous fertilizer.Sugarcane, It is remarkably improved sugar content after beet, beet, muskmelon Applying silicon fertilizer, Vitamin C content can be improved after tomato Applying silicon fertilizer.
The organic and inorganic two kinds of existing forms of the silicon of soil Cao.In soil organic matter silicon content view organic matter source with Type and it is different, but the silicon in organic matter still exists with mineralized, and only minority may be combined with protein etc., 90% or more It is to exist with silica gel, remaining is present in organic matter for multi-silicate and organic compound.Soil inorganic silicon includes mineral Three kinds of state, colloidal attitude and water-soluble state forms.Mineral state silicon is mainly quartz, silicate mineral, in fixed lattice structure form;Glue Posture silicon includes silica sol and gel.Silica sol or gel produce quartz after dehydration crystallization again.Colloidal attitude silicon is usual With Silicon dioxide, hydrate (Si02.nH20) form indicates, more soluble, is the component part of active silica;Water-soluble state Silicon is present in the soil liquid, is that the silicon utilized can be absorbed in plant, principal mode is single weight glue (KSiO3).It is actually A kind of extremely weak acid, therefore it is usually silicic acid, its quantity is often indicated with silica.
Previous people think always southern acid, subacidity soil due to the pedogenesis of strong desiliconization allitization, Content of Available Silicon in Soils under Ph is lower.Therefore, the soil such as acid, subacidity soil and laterite, brick lateritic red loam, red-yellow soil have Silicon is imitated to lack, and the calacareous soil in the north does not lack silicon.But when, nearly ten years studies have shown that the north calcareous there is also Lack silicon phenomenon.The reason is that a large amount of calcium carbonate reduces calcium silicates to the absorption of silicic acid with fixed function in calacareous soil The validity of silicon.At a rough estimate, China's about 200,000,000 mu of rice soil, which exist, lacks silicon phenomenon.
The primary raw material of siliceous fertilizer is blast furnace slag, phosphorus slag, flyash on the market at present, also has using black liquid, makes The siliceous fertilizer made with these raw materials the disadvantage is that: (1) poorly water-soluble, plant are difficult to be absorbed and utilized;(2) can only crop it is long-acting Base manure uses, and cannot like silicon period flexible foliar spray in plant or trickle irrigation uses, (3) can only use on acid and neutral soil; Although good using the Water-soluble silicon fertilizer dissolubility that waterglass is raw material production, expensive, popularization difficulty is big, and waterglass Silicate anion is easy to happen aggreation, generates big granule, and aging occurs, and particle diameter increases after aging, it is difficult to quilt Plant absorption, fertilizer efficiency are deteriorated.
Acitve organic matter rich in and a certain number of amino acid, protein and micronutrient member in marine algae extract Element, also containing the distinctive algal polysaccharides of marine organisms, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and the rare zinc of terrestrial plant, bromine, A variety of nutriments such as the mineral elements such as iodine and vitamin abundant have and improve crop yield, improve crop quality and increasing The function of the resistance of object is pretended, the seaweed organic silicon fertilizer solvent borne thus compounded with SILICA FUME is good, and silicone content is high, application Acting on, upper effect is good and easy to use.
Chinese invention patent application 201610096492.8 disclose a kind of siliceous fertilizer and seaweeds compounding composition and its Using, the composition is made of siliceous fertilizer and seaweeds, it can also be added thickener, fulvic acid, and rice hull ash, humic acid, bentonite, Urea, wormcast etc., for increase crop yield, improve soil and improve crop quality have the effect of it is certain, but its It only only used seaweeds in the composition, most of organic substance in seaweed is discarded, this not only causes serious money Source waste, and the fertilizer efficiency for preparing obtained Compound fertilizer is substantially reduced.In addition, a large amount of due to joined in composition Other nutrition compositions cause and prepare the water-soluble bad of obtained Compound fertilizer, affect absorption of the crop to fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the fertilizer efficiency for further increasing seaweed siliceous fertilizer and crop to the utilization rate of fertilizer, It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of simple process, dissolubility is good, highly concentrated water soluble algae organic silicon fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
A, prepared by marine algae extract: the marine algae extract is using three-level continuous extraction, by hot water extraction, organic Solvent supersonic extracts, enzyme degradation three-level extraction is prepared;
B, it prepares seaweed organic silicon fertilizer: then 50 parts of -1000 parts of addition material-compound tanks of marine algae extract adds into material-compound tank Enter 9000 parts -9950 parts of SILICA FUME, mixture is prepared into seaweed organic silicon fertilizer after mixing.
The marine algae extract preparation uses three-level continuous extraction comprising following steps:
(1) seawood meal crosses 40-80 mesh after over cleaning, drying, pulverization process, and clear water is added by solid-liquid ratio 1:20-40, Reaction kettle is warming up to 60 DEG C -100 DEG C, extracts 1h-3h, then separating and filtering, collects to obtain filtrate a and filter residue a respectively;
(2) it takes filter residue a that 95% ethyl alcohol is added according to solid-liquid ratio 1:1-10, is warming up to 60 DEG C -90 DEG C, ultrasound assisted extraction 5- 30min is arranged power 200w-600w, obtains filtrate b and filter residue b after separating and filtering;
(3) it takes filter residue b that clear water is added by 1:1-10 solid-liquid ratio, 1 ‰ -3 ‰ mixed enzyme (cellulases, pectin is then added Enzyme), regulation system pH is 3.0-5.0, is warming up to 30 DEG C -60 DEG C, stirs 1h-3h, and centrifuge separation obtains filtrate c and filter residue c;
(4) merging filtrate a, b, c is warming up to 60 DEG C -100 DEG C, inactivates 0.5h-3h to get marine algae extract is arrived.
Preferably, combination of the mixed enzyme in the step 3) for cellulase and pectase, weight ratio 1:0.5-2, Further preferably 1:1.
Preferably, the seawood meal is prepared by pulverizing and sieving after drying seaweed, wherein the seaweed is One of kelp, sargassum, yellow tang, Enteromorpha are a variety of.
Preferably, the seaweed organic silicon fertilizer is solid powder or liquid fertilizer.Wherein seaweed organic silicon fertilizer solid-state powder Agent the preparation method comprises the following steps: will be after 9000 parts of -9950 parts of mixing of 50 parts -1000 parts of marine algae extract and SILICA FUME plus 1000 parts of water - 2000 parts, temperature rises to 50 DEG C -90 DEG C, stirs 0.5h-2h, is then transferred to drying tower and is dried and dust, obtaining seaweed has Machine siliceous fertilizer pulvis.Preferably, further include screening step after dry dust, specifically, it is dry dust after by seaweed organosilicon Fertile pulvis crosses -400 mesh of 50 mesh.
Seaweed organic silicon fertilizer liquid fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: by 50 parts -1000 parts of marine algae extract and SILICA FUME 9000 Add 6000 parts -8000 parts of water after -9950 parts of mixing of part, temperature rises to 50 DEG C -90 DEG C, stirs 0.5h-2h, then cools to room temperature It can be obtained.
The seaweed organic silicon fertilizer obtained according to above-mentioned preparation method is also claimed in the present invention.
Marine algae extract of the present invention is that seaweed is degraded under specific process conditions, extracts active material, is passed through The liquid filter, purify, being concentrated to get is rich in protein, vitamin, amino acid isoreactivity substance.SILICA FUME (scientific name " silicon Ash ",MicrosilicaOrSilica Fume), it is to pass through the silicon steam oxidation of flue discharge in smelting duriron and industrial silicon Afterwards, the amorphous, powdered silica (SiO that specially designed dust-precipitator is collected2).SILICA FUME average grain diameter exists 0.1-0.15 μm, it is more than one the percent of cement average grain diameter, therefore has the title of SILICA FUME.Marine algae extract is mixed with SILICA FUME Afterwards, marine algae extract can not only significantly improve the utilization rate of SILICA FUME, but also it is required directly to provide various plants growth Amino acid and a variety of nutriments such as vitamin.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art and good effect:
1 compares with siliceous fertilizer in the prior art, and the preparation-obtained seaweed organic silicon fertilizer water-soluble of the present invention compares It is good, carry out foliage-spray, punching is applied, trickle irrigation, it is easy to use, it can flexibly be used in the period of any need mends element silicon.
2, marine algae extract will be added in SILICA FUME, marine algae extract can obviously can be improved the utilization of SILICA FUME fertilizer Rate;And agricultural product quality and quality are improved, melon and fruit is full, in good taste, resistance to storage and transportation.
3, marine algae extract can not only significantly improve the utilization rate of SILICA FUME, but also it is raw directly to provide various plants A variety of nutriments such as long essential amino acid and vitamin.Marine algae extract in the present invention takes three-level continuous extraction, Make that active constituent and nutriment in seaweed extract more thoroughly, active material and nutrient composition content in marine algae extract are more Height, more conducively crop are absorbed and utilized.
4, the preparation-obtained seaweed organic silicon fertilizer applicability of the present invention is wide, can be in rice, sugarcane, herbage, diatom, scouring rush Category, tomato etc. need silicon or like to be widely used on the crop of silicon, and its cheap reason, using effect is good, and suitable large area pushes away Extensively.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The preparation step of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of the present invention is as follows:
1, prepared by this marine algae extract: using three-level continuous extraction, (1) takes seawood meal (at over cleaning, drying and crushing Reason) 60 meshes are crossed, clear water is added by solid-liquid ratio 1:40, reaction kettle is warming up to 100 DEG C, extracts 3h, then separating and filtering, is received respectively Collect to obtain filtrate a and filter residue a;(2) it takes filter residue a that 95% ethyl alcohol is added according to solid-liquid ratio 1:1, is warming up to 90 DEG C, ultrasound assisted extraction 30min is arranged power 300w, obtains filtrate b and filter residue b after separating and filtering;(3) take filter residue b that clear water is added by 1:2 solid-liquid ratio, Then 1.5 ‰ mixed enzymes (cellulase, pectase) is added, regulation system pH is 4.0, is warming up to 45 DEG C, stirs 2h, centrifugation point From obtaining filtrate c and filter residue c;(4) merging filtrate a, b, c is warming up to 90 DEG C, inactivates 1h to get seaweed required for the present invention is arrived Extracting solution, it is spare.
2, it prepares seaweed organic silicon fertilizer: material-compound tank is added in marine algae extract 100kg, is then added into material-compound tank micro- Silicon powder 9900kg adds water 2000kg, and temperature rises to 90 DEG C, stirs 1h, is then transferred to drying tower and is dried and dust, obtain sea Algae organic silicon fertilizer I.
Field trial sets two processing, test group: I 10 kilograms of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer, control group: the siliceous fertilizer 10 of market purchase Kilogram;It is spread fertilizer over the fields before transplanting, 1 mu of test area.Other management measures are all the same, and pilot survey result is as follows:
Influence of the 1 seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of table to rice field growing way
Processing Period of seedling establishment The mean tillering number/strain Plant height (cm) Seal the departure date Bakanae disease spike number/square
Test group May 24 2.6 83.3 June 30 1.25
Control group May 26 2.3 84 July 5 2
Compared with control It mentions a few days ago Increase by 13.04% Quite 5 days in advance Reduce by 37.5%
The rice of test group shifts to an earlier date 2 days and turns green, and average single plant tiller number increases by 13.04%, and 5 days in advance envelope rows of relatively control are disliked Seedling diseases susceptible gene reduces by 37.5%.
Influence of the 2 seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of table to rice yield
Processing Mu spike number (ten thousand) Spike length (cm) Grain number per spike Mass of 1000 kernel g Average per unit area yield kg Units increased in production kg Rate of growth %
Test group 30.8 18.7 109.4 22.4 717 130.7 22.3
Control group 29.6 16.3 93.5 22.3 586.3 —— ——
The rice big panicle many grains per panicle of test group, mu increase production 130.7 kilograms, rate of growth 22.3%.
Embodiment 2
1, prepared by marine algae extract: using three-level continuous extraction, (1) takes seawood meal (at over cleaning, drying, crushing Reason) 80 meshes are crossed, clear water is added by solid-liquid ratio 1:30, reaction kettle is warming up to 90 DEG C, extracts 2h, then separating and filtering, is received respectively Collect to obtain filtrate a and filter residue a;(2) it takes filter residue a that 95% ethyl alcohol is added according to solid-liquid ratio 1:1.5, is warming up to 80 DEG C, ultrasound assisted extraction 20min is arranged power 400w, obtains filtrate b and filter residue b after separating and filtering;(3) filter residue b is taken to be added by 1:1.5 solid-liquid ratio clear Then 1 ‰ mixed enzymes (cellulase, pectase) is added in water, regulation system pH is 4.5, is warming up to 50 DEG C, stirs 2.5h, centrifugation Separation, obtains filtrate c and filter residue c;(4) merging filtrate a, b, c is warming up to 80 DEG C, inactivates 1.5h to get to required for the present invention Seaweed extracted liquor, it is spare.
2, it prepares seaweed organic silicon fertilizer: material-compound tank is added in marine algae extract 50kg, micro- silicon is then added into material-compound tank Powder 9950kg adds water 1000kg, and temperature rises to 80 DEG C, stirs 2h, is then transferred to drying tower and is dried and dust, obtain seaweed Organic silicon fertilizer II.
Field trial sets two processing, test group: spraying II 1500 times of liquid of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer, control group: market purchase 1000 times of liquid of liquid silicon fertilizer;Spray for 3 times, sprays primary, cell in florescence, beginning fruiting period and every 10 days after picking for the first time It 0.02 mu of area, repeats three times, random alignment.Each cell basic seedling amount, other management measures are all the same, and subregion produces record in fact, As a result as follows:
Influence of the 3 seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of table to tomato field growing way
Tomato is investigated after spraying 2 times, discovery test group is better than control group in field growing way, and tomato can be promoted early It blooms, precocity fruiting, result quantities relatively control increases by 18.75%
Influence of the 4 seaweed organic silicon fertilizer of table to tomato yield
It being recorded according to the practical harvesting amount of cell, discovery test group cell average product increases by 11.97% compared with control group, More receipts tomato 425kg are relatively compareed after equivalent per mu yield per acre.
Technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that Above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all to be done in spirit of the invention Any modification, supplement or equivalent replacement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer, specifically comprises the following steps:
A, prepared by marine algae extract: the marine algae extract is using three-level continuous extraction, by hot water extraction, organic solvent Ultrasonic extraction, enzyme degradation three-level extraction are prepared;
B, it prepares seaweed organic silicon fertilizer: then 50 parts of -1000 parts of addition material-compound tanks of marine algae extract is added micro- into material-compound tank 9000 parts -9950 parts of silicon powder, mixture is prepared into seaweed organic silicon fertilizer after mixing;The seaweed organic silicon fertilizer is solid-state powder Agent or liquid fertilizer, in which:
The seaweed organic silicon fertilizer solid powder the preparation method comprises the following steps: by 50 parts -1000 parts of marine algae extract and SILICA FUME Add 1000 parts -2000 parts of water after 9000 parts of -9950 parts of mixing, temperature rises to 50 DEG C -90 DEG C, stirs 0.5h-2h, is then transferred to Drying tower, which is dried, to dust, and seaweed organic silicon fertilizer pulvis is crossed -400 mesh of 50 mesh after dusting and obtains seaweed organic silicon fertilizer by drying Pulvis;
Seaweed organic silicon fertilizer liquid fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: by 50 parts -1000 parts of marine algae extract and 9000 parts of SILICA FUME - Add 6000 parts -8000 parts of water after 9950 parts of mixing, temperature rises to 50 DEG C -90 DEG C, stirs 0.5h-2h, then cools to room temperature i.e. It is available;
The marine algae extract preparation uses three-level continuous extraction comprising following steps:
(1) seawood meal crosses 40-80 mesh after over cleaning, drying, pulverization process, and clear water, reaction is added by solid-liquid ratio 1:20-40 Kettle is warming up to 60 DEG C -100 DEG C, extracts 1h-3h, then separating and filtering, collects to obtain filtrate a and filter residue a respectively;
(2) it takes filter residue a that 95% ethyl alcohol is added according to solid-liquid ratio 1:1-10, is warming up to 60 DEG C -90 DEG C, ultrasound assisted extraction 5- 30min is arranged power 200w-600w, obtains filtrate b and filter residue b after separating and filtering;
(3) it takes filter residue b that clear water is added by 1:1-10 solid-liquid ratio, 1 ‰ -3 ‰ mixed enzymes is then added, regulation system pH is 3.0- 5.0,30 DEG C -60 DEG C are warming up to, 1h-3h is stirred, centrifuge separation obtains filtrate c and filter residue c;
(4) merging filtrate a, b, c is warming up to 60 DEG C -100 DEG C, inactivates 0.5h-3h to get marine algae extract is arrived.
2. the preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mixed in the step (3) Synthase is the combination of cellulase and pectase, weight ratio 1:0.5-2.
3. the preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that cellulase in the mixed enzyme Weight ratio with pectase is 1:1.
4. the preparation method of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seawood meal be pass through by Pulverize and sieve and be prepared after seaweed drying, wherein the seaweed be one of kelp, sargassum, yellow tang, Enteromorpha or It is a variety of.
5. a kind of seaweed organic silicon fertilizer being prepared according to any method of claim 1-4.
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CN105622293A (en) * 2016-02-01 2016-06-01 青岛海大生物集团有限公司 Method for preparing salt-resistant alkali-resistant special algal biological water-soluble fertilizer by enzymatic hydrolysis fermentation
CN105777331A (en) * 2016-02-22 2016-07-20 解晓燕 Silicon fertilizer and algin compound composition and application thereof

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