CN106237979A - 磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,按如下方法制备得到:将埃洛石、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水混合,搅拌改性后经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到改性埃洛石;将所得改性埃洛石、Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇混合,搅拌得到悬浊液;将尿素加入所得悬浊液中,搅拌形成凝胶前驱体;将所得凝胶前驱体进行干燥得到多孔固体,再将所得多孔固体进行煅烧,即得所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料;本发明制备方法操作简便、高效,制备的具有高磁性和强吸附性的纳米管状ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料可应用于染料废水、有机废水和重金属废水的净化,可回收性强。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料及其制备方法,属于环境矿物材料制备与应用技术领域。
(二)背景技术
水污染已成为直接威胁人类生存、亟需解决的焦点问题。调查显示,全国532条主要河流中,有436条受到不同程度的污染。印染工业是用水大户,生产过程中不可避免的会产生大量印染废水,其排放量约占工业废水总排放量的1/10。我国每年约有6~7亿t印染废水排入水环境,是当前最主要的水体有机污染源之一。这些可溶性有机污染物成分复杂、色度高、难降解,具有很大的生物毒性,处理不当将对农业生产、动植物生长繁殖和人类健康带来严重危害。近年来,随着社会经济的发展、科技进步的加快和健康环保意识的增强,对污水的治理力度逐年加大,但用活性炭、碳纳米管等碳基多孔材料吸附处理印染废水,存在运行成本过高的不足。
而天然非金属矿物埃洛石是一种由硅酸铝盐形成的具备独特空间结构的双层纳米管(管径20~40nm),其比表面积和内部空腔体积较大,相比于其他无机粉体/复合材料更具有吸附优势。与人工合成的碳纳米管相比,埃洛石具备粘土矿物来源广泛、热稳定性好和价格低廉的天然优势,从而能够规避碳纳米管制备工艺复杂、成本较高和难以大规模生产的缺点,再加上埃洛石能够在一定程度上抵制酸碱环境的侵蚀,这些结构和组成优点都决定了埃洛石更加适合作为吸附材料。
对埃洛石用作吸附材料的文献已有相关报道,见以下参考文献:
①李洁等.δ型二氧化锰/埃洛石的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,硅酸盐学报,2014,(02),该文献中δ-MnO2/HNTs复合材料对亚甲基蓝表现出良好的吸附效果,但由于埃洛石具有很强的亲水性和分散性,导致埃洛石用作水处理吸附材料回收再用性差。此外,埃洛石吸附有害物质后,若不通过有效回收,还容易产生二次污染。近年来,磁性吸附材料可以通过外部磁场实现磁性分离,逐渐成为研究热点。因此开发制备埃洛石基磁性复合吸附材料更具有经济和环保价值。
目前对埃洛石表面加磁复合的介质多采用传统磁性材料Fe3O4,见以下参考文献:
②中国发明专利名称为“一种便于回收的磁性超分子凝胶染料吸附材料的制备方法”,申请号为:CN201510220652.0,该专利公开了一种便于回收的磁性超分子凝胶染料吸附材料的制备方法,该方法是以埃洛石、污水乙醇和硝酸铁做原料,添加乙二醇、硅烷偶联剂等成分进行组合,用于制得磁性Fe3O4/埃洛石复合材料,并将其加入到超分子凝胶中;
③中国发明专利名称为“一种磁性壳聚糖复合微球新型抗生素吸附剂的制备方法”,申请号为:CN201410046790.7,该专利公开了一种采用FeCl3·6H2O、FeCl2·4H2O和埃洛石纳米管为原料,通过共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4/埃洛石复合材料,并通过戊二醛乳化交联壳聚糖法合成了磁性壳聚糖复合微球吸附剂,用于净化水中四环素。
这两个专利②、③都没有涉及新型磁性材料ZnFe2O4与埃洛石的复合制备,而且具有尖晶石结构的ZnFe2O4在光、热、电、磁等方面表现出许多新奇的特性,更加具有良好的应用潜力。然而经检索文献发现,鲜有采用新型磁性材料ZnFe2O4与埃洛石复合后制备磁性复合吸附材料的报道。但磁性ZnFe2O4的制备工艺已有文献报道,目前合成ZnFe2O4的方法多为水热法和沉淀法,在制备过程中需要用到强碱NaOH作沉淀剂,为去除Na+等杂质,需要用水多次清洗,易产生废水污染。
(三)发明内容
针对目前埃洛石吸附材料可回收利用率低,现有ZnFe2O4制备工艺存在流程复杂、浪费水资源、易污染环境的缺点,而且新型磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料存在开发研究不足的现状,本发明提供了一种磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料及其制备方法,以解决埃洛石用作吸附材料易流失、回收难、重复利用差的不足。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其制备方法为:
(1)将埃洛石、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水混合,在60~80℃下搅拌改性3~10h(优选3~6h),之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到改性埃洛石;
步骤(1)中,所述的埃洛石与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水的质量比为1:0.01~0.04:10~38,优选1:0.02~0.03:15~30;
(2)将步骤(1)所得改性埃洛石、Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇混合,在30~80℃(优选30~50℃)下搅拌10~15min,得到悬浊液;将尿素加入所得悬浊液中,于85~120℃(优选90~95℃)搅拌1~3h,形成凝胶前驱体;
步骤(2)中,所述的改性埃洛石与Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇、尿素的质量比为1:0.5~2:2~6:4~7∶1~3,优选1:0.74~1.24:2.02~3.36∶4.73~6.31∶1~1.68;
(3)将步骤(2)所得凝胶前驱体置于120~160℃(优选130~140℃)下干燥10~24h(优选10~12h),得到多孔固体,再将所得多孔固体置于500~700℃(优选550~600℃)下煅烧2~4h(优选3~4h),即得所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明所述制备方法采用的尿素热分解方法,避免了复合材料制备过程中产生大量废水,具有操作简便、高效的优点,且采用ZnFe2O4与埃洛石复合,增加埃洛石的可回收性。本发明制备的具有高磁性和强吸附性的纳米管状ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料可替代碳纳米管、活性炭或者沸石分子筛,应用于染料废水、有机废水和重金属废水的净化。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的具有高磁性和强吸附性的ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料的XRD图;
图2为本发明磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料的制备工艺流程图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1:
(1)分别称取2.5g埃洛石和0.06g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,加入到95ml水中并搅拌混合,置于80℃水浴中搅拌改性6h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥后制得改性埃洛石;
(2)分别称取3.1gZn(NO3)2·6H2O、8.4gFe(NO3)3·9H2O和20ml乙醇,加入上述改性埃洛石2.5g,并混合成悬浊液,置于30℃水浴中搅拌10min,然后称取4.2g尿素加入到上述悬浊液中,将该悬浊液转移到磁力搅拌电加热套中,95℃搅拌1h至形成凝胶状前驱体。
(3)将上述得到的前驱体置于干燥箱中在120℃下干燥12h得到多孔固体,然后将多孔固体置于600℃的马弗炉中煅烧3h,即可得到磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
实施例2:
(1)分别称取4.0g埃洛石和0.08g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,加入到60ml水中并搅拌混合,置于60℃水浴中搅拌改性3h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥后制得改性埃洛石;
(2)分别称取7.4gZn(NO3)2·6H2O、20.1gFe(NO3)3·9H2O和30ml乙醇,加入上述改性埃洛石4.0g,并混合成悬浊液,置于40℃水浴中搅拌15min,然后称取10.0g尿素加入到上述悬浊液中,将该悬浊液转移到磁力搅拌电加热套中,85℃搅拌3h至形成凝胶状前驱体。
(3)将上述得到的前驱体置于干燥箱中在140℃下干燥10h得到多孔固体,然后将多孔固体置于550℃的马弗炉中煅烧4h,即可得到磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
实施例3:
(1)分别称取5g埃洛石和0.12g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,加入到150ml水中并搅拌混合,置于60℃水浴中搅拌改性4h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥后制得改性埃洛石;
(2)分别称取3.7gZn(NO3)2·6H2O、10.1gFe(NO3)3·9H2O和30ml乙醇,加入上述改性埃洛石5g,并混合成悬浊液,置于50℃水浴中搅拌10min,然后称取5.0g尿素加入到上述悬浊液中,将该悬浊液转移到磁力搅拌电加热套中,90℃搅拌1.5h至形成凝胶状前驱体。
(3)将上述得到的前驱体置于干燥箱中在130℃下干燥10h得到多孔固体,然后将多孔固体置于500℃的马弗炉中煅烧4h,即可得到磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
对比例
对比例采用实施例1中的磁性ZnFe2O4和埃洛石的复合比例制备磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,不同的是对比例采用现有磁性ZnFe2O4常规制备方法——水热法,用于制备磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
对比例制备步骤如下:
(1)分别称取2.5g埃洛石和0.06g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,加入到95ml水中并搅拌混合,置于80℃水浴中搅拌改性6h,经过滤、洗涤、干燥后制得改性埃洛石;
(2)分别称取3.1gZn(NO3)2·6H2O、8.4gFe(NO3)3·9H2O和40ml水混合成溶液,随后加入上述改性埃洛石2.5g,并混合成悬浊液,置于30℃水浴中搅拌10min,然后用浓度为6mol/L的NaOH溶液调节上述悬浊液pH=9~10后,将该悬浊液转移到容积为100mL的反应釜中密闭,在130℃电热恒温干燥箱中保温24h后自然冷却到室温。
(3)将上述反应釜中得到的产物经过分离后,用蒸馏水和乙醇反复清洗,随后置于干燥箱中在90℃下干燥12h得到固体,然后将固体置于600℃的马弗炉中煅烧3h,即可得到磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
性能测试实验:
在100ml的烧杯中加入50ml初始浓度5mg/L的亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液,称取0.1g对比例和实施例1~3之一制备的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料加入到上述50mlMB溶液中,室温下搅拌2h,通过磁铁回收磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,测试溶液中剩余亚甲基蓝溶液浓度和吸附材料回收量,计算亚甲基蓝吸附率(%)和磁回收率(%)。实验结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1~3及对比例样品的检测分析结果
样品 | MB吸附率(%) | 磁回收率(%) |
实施例1 | 98.9 | 96.3 |
实施例2 | 94.1 | 98.6 |
实施例3 | 97.5 | 91.7 |
对比例 | 90.3 | 72.2 |
通过表1中实施例1~3及对比例样品的MB吸附率(%)和磁回收率(%)检测分析结果可知,实施例1~3样品的MB吸附率(%)和磁回收率(%)都大于对比例,说明实施例1~3样品的吸附性能和磁回收性能优于对比例样品。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料按如下方法制备得到:
(1)将埃洛石、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水混合,在60~80℃下搅拌改性3~10h,之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到改性埃洛石;
步骤(1)中,所述的埃洛石与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水的质量比为1:0.01~0.04:10~38;
(2)将步骤(1)所得改性埃洛石、Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇混合,在30~80℃下搅拌10~15min,得到悬浊液;将尿素加入所得悬浊液中,于85~120℃搅拌1~3h,形成凝胶前驱体;
步骤(2)中,所述的改性埃洛石与Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇、尿素的质量比为1:0.5~2:2~6:4~7:1~3;
(3)将步骤(2)所得凝胶前驱体置于120~160℃下干燥10~24h,得到多孔固体,再将所得多孔固体置于500~700℃下煅烧2~4h,即得所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述搅拌改性的时间为3~6h。
3.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的埃洛石与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、水的质量比为1:0.02~0.03:15~30。
4.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的改性埃洛石、Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇混合后,在30~50℃下搅拌10~15min,得到悬浊液。
5.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,将尿素加入所得悬浊液中后,于90~95℃搅拌1~3h,形成凝胶前驱体。
6.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的改性埃洛石与Zn(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3、乙醇、尿素的质量比为1:0.74~1.24:2.02~3.36:4.73~6.31∶1~1.68。
7.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述凝胶前驱体的干燥温度为130~140℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述凝胶前驱体的干燥时间为10~12h。
9.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述多孔固体的煅烧温度为550~600℃。
10.如权利要求1所述的磁性ZnFe2O4/埃洛石复合吸附材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述多孔固体的煅烧时间为3~4h。
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