CN106226392B - Water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model - Google Patents
Water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model that the present invention relates to a kind of, using a main receiving sensor and 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensors；Steps are as follows：If the detection signal V of main receiving sensor2, the detection signal of 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensor auxiliary reception sensors is respectively V3……V8, calculate detection signal V2, V3……V8With pumping signal V1Ultrasound intensity decaying；Calculate total ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of oil-water two-phase flow fluid and the sum of the ultrasonic diffusive attenuation amount of each assisting ultrasonic receiving sensor in pipeline；Detect the transition time that main receiving sensor receives signal and signal emission sensor sends out pumping signal；Calculate water-oil phase scattering parameter；Calculate each phase content of oil-water two-phase flow.The present invention can promote the estimated accuracy of point moisture content.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fluid measurement technical fields, are related to a kind of measurement method based on ultrasonic sound intensity decay mechanism, use
In the non-contact measurement of water-oil phase flow containing rate.
Technical background
Multiphase Flow is existing in the industrial processes such as nature and power, oil, chemical industry, metallurgy and aerospace
As being widely present.Such as in the oil industry, the fluid in oil well often be oil, three kinds of fluids of gas and water exist simultaneously in；In power plant
In power generation process, the coal dust as fuel is gas in transmission process, solid phase exists simultaneously.Most common multiphase in oil exploitation
Flow phenomenon is exactly oil-water two-phase flow.With the high speed development of modern industrial production, the expansion of the scale of production technology and technique
Complexity, the requirement to each flow parameter measurement precision in multiphase flow is also higher and higher, accurately measures multiphase flow flow parameter pair
The optimization of production process and process management is of great significance to.The kinetic characteristics of monophasic fluid are relatively easy, more
Phase fluid is different from monophasic fluid, and two phase flow or three-phase flow flow behavior are sufficiently complex, it has the streams such as non-linear, alternate slippage
Dynamic feature, parameter measurement problem are still a more difficult project.
The detection of phase content is an important parameter index in Multi phase Flow Testing Technique research.It can according to its measuring principle
To be divided into：Measurement method of electricity, ray method, fast valve directly measure, velocity measurement, optical method measure, nuclear magnetic resonance method and
Microwave method etc..Measurement method based on ultrasonic technology is a kind of contactless detection means, by analyzing transmission ultrasonic wave
The ultrasonic signal of decaying or reflection can get the parameters such as concentration and the speed of detected fluid.But using ultrasonic technology
When realizing the test of multiphase flow containing rate, the problems such as there are nonlinearities
Measuring of phase ratio method based on ultrasonic attenuation principle has many advantages, such as simple in structure, at low cost.Ultrasonic instrument
Have the function of non-intruding characteristic and can realize " i.e. folder is used ".The detection of multiphase flow parameter, tool are realized using ultrasonic technology
Have do not influenced by measured medium salinity, not interference flowing field, there is no flow-induced corrosion, abrasion, be suitable for non-light transmittance, non-conductive
Property medium the advantages that, especially ultrasonic wave to grease boundary have more sensitive sensing capability.Therefore, for oil-water two-phase flow
The basic test mechanism of the ultrasonic technology of procedure parameter, using limited element analysis technique, by mutually Jie for establishing oil-water two-phase flow
Matter distributed model.To carrying out sound field emulation under different fluidal textures, the distribution signal for obtaining excess sound pressure is analyzed, and is realized
The characterization of water-oil phase flow containing rate.The present invention proposes a kind of two phase flow test device containing rate based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism,
The intensity difference for receiving signal using sonac receiving terminal and emitting between signal calculates phase content, and calculating speed is fast, response
Linearisation.
CN2005101237388 discloses a kind of ultrasonic wave water flow measuring system, is to drive ultrasound by transmission system
Wave calibrator, measures the water depth value of several sampled points on the waters of irregular section, and measures water flow velocity by flow
It spends, after the area of section that the waters is then calculated by control system, then obtains water flow.This system has passed through intermediate ginseng
The information indirect conversion of number water velocity, the limitation of unstability and measurement range between existence information exchange.
Ultrasonic sensor array includes two groups of ultrasonic probe arrays in CN2014103282688, and every group of linear transducer array is by more
A probe for being distributed in tested pipeline same cross-sectional position is constituted.But when discrete phase content is very low, sonac is corresponding
There are nonlinear problems.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reproducible, two-phase flow containing rate in higher sensitivity non-contact measurement sides
Method.Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model, used device include super
Sonic transducer, signal generating unit, exciting circuit unit, excitation and receiving transducer channel selection unit, detection circuit unit and
Flow parameter computing unit.The ultrasonic transducer includes signal emission sensor and receiving sensor, and receiving sensor is again
It is divided into main receiving sensor and auxiliary reception sensor, the signal emission sensor and main receiving sensor difference straight line are just
To mounted on the bottom and top of pipeline；Six auxiliary reception sensors are evenly distributed on signal emission sensor and main reception passes
The both sides of sensor；The signal generating unit is connected with exciting circuit unit and acoustic pressure detector, signal generating unit production
Raw pulse voltage signal, by exciting circuit unit to signal emission sensor into row energization, excitation is selected with receiving transducer channel
It selects unit with receiving sensor to be connected, realizes that each receiving sensor receives signal respectively.Steps are as follows：
Step 1：When passing through detected fluid in pipeline, signal generating unit generates pulse signal, passes through exciting circuit list
Member applies pumping signal to signal emission sensor, and the ultrasonic wave with certain amplitude and frequency reaches master by tested region
The detection signal of receiving sensor and 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensors, each auxiliary reception sensor by excitation and receives
Channel selection unit of popping one's head in gates receiving sensor, is connected with detection circuit unit, receiving circuit unit obtains receiving sensor
Voltage signal, be then fed into signal demodulation module, by signal carry out demodulation process.
Step 2：If the detection signal V of main receiving sensor2, 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensor auxiliary reception sensors
Detection signal be respectively V3……V8, calculate detection signal V2, V3……V8With pumping signal V1Ultrasound intensity decayingWherein, l is the distance of signal emission sensor and main receiving sensor, n 2,3 ... 8；
Step 3：Calculate total ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of oil-water two-phase flow fluid in pipelineIt is super with each auxiliary
The sum of ultrasonic diffusive attenuation amount of sound reception sensor
Step 4：Detect that main receiving sensor receives signal and signal emission sensor sends out when getting over of pumping signal
Between t, calculate attenuation by absorption amountWherein,F is frequency of sound wave；η is viscous for continuous phase
Degree；ρ is continuous phase density, and c is the two-phase fluid velocity of sound,T is to detect main receiving sensor to receive signal and ultrasound emission
End sends out the transition time of pumping signal；N and m indicates the index of f and c respectively, is influenced by temperature T, and n values are 2, m values
It is 3.
Step 5：Calculate water-oil phase scattering parameterWherein, k is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in continuous phase, i.e.,Wherein,c0For the velocity of sound in continuous phase；R is discrete phase droplet radius；Re[A0] represent take A0Real part, parameter A0
For discrete phase partial wave wave amplitude；
Step 6：The boundaries a correction factor is calculated using multiple physical field emulation experiment, by the main reception of boundary integral and boundary
The ratio of the sum of sensor and 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensors is worth 1.2225, and actual tests correct b measurement model errors ginseng
Number, b areIt brings into and is based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model formula
Calculate oil-water two-phase flow
Each phase content.
Beneficial effects of the present invention and advantage are as follows：
1, the sound pressure information that different direction is obtained by the sensor arrangement mode of multicast formula obtains liquid-liquid distribution
Oily phase content.Eight ultrasonic transducers are evenly distributed on the same section of pipeline, by the sensor arrangement mode of multicast formula,
The sound pressure information of each sensor is obtained to calculate the ultrasonic attenuation amount in each orientation, is done based on ultrasound as fundamental measurement value
The mathematical model of decaying mechanism calculates to measure each phase content of liquid-liquid distribution.Two-phase flow containing rate is obtained with non-intruding mode,
The nonlinear response of ultrasound detection is avoided, and without carrying out pre-separation or mixing to measuring fluid.
2, this method be do not influenced by measured medium salinity, not interference flowing field, there is no flow-induced corrosion, abrasion, be applicable in
In non-light transmittance, non-conductive dielectric etc.；
3, it is convenient to measure, and speed is fast, at low cost, can accurately measure the phase content of oil-water two-phase flow in pipeline, reduces
Nonlinearity.
Description of the drawings
The following drawings describes the selected embodiment of the present invention, is exemplary drawings and non exhaustive or restricted,
In：
The water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement side based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model that the measurement method of Fig. 1 present invention uses
Method multicast formula multisensor mounting means structural schematic diagram；
The water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement side based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model that the measurement method of Fig. 2 present invention uses
Method experimental system schematic diagram；
The emulation experiment Dependence Results of phase content under the working method of Fig. 3 present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The step of manufacture and the operation present invention described in detail below, it is intended to be described as the embodiment of the present invention, be not
The unique forms that can be manufactured or be utilized can realize that the embodiment of identical function should also be included in the scope of the present invention to other
It is interior.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
As shown in Figure 1, ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal sends out certain frequency and the ultrasonic wave of intensity, by the absorption etc. of water-oil phase
After attenuating mechanism, ultrasound signal receipt end is reached.Since the distribution of different size of oil vacuole is different to the degree of absorption of ultrasonic wave,
The ultrasonic attenuation degree obtained on the receive side is also just different.According to the pass between oil vacuole size and ultrasonic intensity decaying
System, can measure oily phase content.In oil-water two-phase flow, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient α is：
In formula, V1And V2Respectively indicate ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and receiving terminal intensity of acoustic wave (acoustic pressure), l be transmitting terminal with connect
The distance of receiving end.
The water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model that the measurement method of the present invention uses
Sensor mounting means structural schematic diagram.Eight ultrasonic transducers are evenly distributed on the arrangement mode in the same section of pipeline in Fig. 1,
It pops one's head in and is distributed in the probe of tested pipeline same cross-sectional position by eight and constitutes.Pipeline top and bottom are ultrasonic transducer
Ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and the main receiving terminal of ultrasonic wave, the two vertically correspond to.Assisting ultrasonic energy converter 3,4,5 and ultrasonic transducer 6,7,
8 are evenly distributed in pipeline both sides, ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and the main receiving terminal both sides of ultrasonic wave.
Fig. 2 describes ultrasonic signal and occurs and detection unit structure.Oil-water two-phase flow based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model
Phase content measuring device includes signal generating unit, exciting circuit unit, excitation and receiving transducer channel selection unit, transmitting terminal
Ultrasonic probe, receiving terminal ultrasonic probe, detection circuit unit, signal demodulation module and flow parameter computing unit.Signal occurs
Unit is connected by exciting circuit unit and excitation with receiving transducer channel selection unit, and signal generating unit generates the electricity of pulse
Press signal.The generation that the realization pumping signal in module occurs for pumping signal is required according to default, by excitation and receives
Probe channel selection unit gates the corresponding probe of sonac as required.Exciting circuit unit carries out ultrasound emission end 1
Excitation, sonac 1 generate ultrasonic signal, so that pumping signal is passed through electroacoustic conversion function and generate ultrasonic wave.Work as heterogeneous fluid
It flows through, ultrasonic wave is when passing through propagation path, and after the attenuating mechanisms such as the absorption of water-oil phase, the master for reaching duct bottom is super
Acoustic signals receiving terminal, and some ultrasonic wave is received by the assisting ultrasonic receiving transducer of side wall.The decaying width of ultrasonic amplitude
Degree has direct relation with the discrete phase phase content in transonic path.The reception signal of each sensor is visited by excitation and reception
Head channel selection unit gates receiving sensor, is connected with detection circuit unit.Electricity of the detection circuit to each receiving transducer
Pressure signal is detected, and is sent into signal demodulation module, by carrying out demodulation process to signal.Finally testing result is sent into and is flowed
Parameter calculation unit realizes the calculating of two-phase flow containing rate.
The model experiment with computing Dependence Results of phase content under Fig. 3 multisensor frame modes of the present invention, with oil-in-water two-phase
For stream.If boundary correction factor a is 1.2225.Measurement model error parameter b isExtract oil-in-water
In flow pattern when different oil contents, each receiving terminal ultrasonic wave attenuation coefficient emulates data, and is surpassed with what practical sending and receiving end obtained
Sound attenuation value is foundation, is utilized the oil content calculated value of decaying mechanism model.Curve shows that oil content is whole oblique
Scatterplot distribution on the straight line that rate is 1.There is negative, algorithm failure more than 37.87% calculated value in practical oil content.Thus it demonstrate,proves
It is bright, it is existing when discrete phase content is less than 35% or so based on the water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method of ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model
It is real feasible.Below by taking Water-In-Oil two phase flow as an example, the two-phase flow containing rate measurement method of the present invention is illustrated, this method
It can be used for such as other two phase flows of oil-in-water two phase flow containing in rate measurement.
Using the measurement method of above-mentioned measuring device, steps are as follows：
Step 1：Eight sensor rings are under circular pipe mean array mode, when passing through oil-water two-phase flow in pipeline,
The pulse signal that signal generating unit generates applies pumping signal to ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal 1 by exciting circuit unit, carries one
The ultrasonic wave of tentering value and frequency finally reaches by tested region and receives main sonac receiving terminal 2 and assisting ultrasonic
Receiving terminal 3,4 ... 8.The reception signal of each sensor receives sensing by excitation and receiving transducer channel selection unit gating
Device is connected with detection circuit unit.The voltage signal for each receiving sensor that ultrasonic wave receiving circuit obtains, is then fed into letter
Number demodulation module, by carrying out demodulation process to signal.Wherein V1It is that ultrasound emission sensor 1 generates in water-oil phase medium
Emitting voltage, V2, V3……V8The receiving voltage obtained for ultrasonic reception end.
Step 2：By the receiving voltage V that obtained ultrasonic reception end obtains in step 12With ultrasound emission signal V1Together
It is respectively fed to signal detector, obtains the ratio of detection signal and pumping signal, then result is sent into flow parameter computing unit,
The overall attenuation of ultrasonic oil-water two-phase flow is obtained, attenuation coefficient α is defined as：
In formula, V1And V2Respectively indicate ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and receiving terminal intensity of acoustic wave (acoustic pressure), l be transmitting terminal with connect
The distance of receiving end.
V3……V8With ultrasound emission signal V1It is sent into signal detector together, obtains detection signal V3……V8Respectively
With pumping signal V1Ratio, and then calculate the boundary diffusion attenuation α of ultrasonic oil-water two-phase flowD：
Step 3：The transition time t that main receiving sensor receives signal and ultrasound emission end sends out pumping signal is detected,
Utilize Absorption Formula[1~3]Calculate the attenuation by absorption α that the ultrasonic wave that ultrasound emission end is sent out is generated in detection zoneT
Wherein, in classical formulas, coefficientThe π f sound wave circular frequency of ω=2, f is frequency of sound wave；η is to connect
Continuous phase viscosity；The continuous phase densities of ρ；The c two-phase fluid velocities of sound, by sound path and propagation time, (ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal sends out sound wave and receives
To the ratio calculation of the time difference t) of echo, i.e.,N and m indicates the index of f and c respectively, is influenced by temperature T.N exists
It is 3 that value, which is 2, m values in classical formulas, in classical formulas.It detects main receiving sensor and receives signal and ultrasound emission end
The transition time t of pumping signal is sent out, it is separately sampled to measure parameters related with temperature, calculate attenuation by absorption coefficient.?
In oil-in-water flow pattern, two-phase property is as shown in table 1.When f takes 1MHz, and T is 25 degrees Celsius；η is 0.01 (Pas)；It is 998
(kg·m-3), at this moment
1 two-phase parameter of table
Step 4：It calculates and water-oil phase scattering parameter
Wherein, k is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in continuous phase, i.e.,Wherein,c0For the velocity of sound in continuous phase；R is
Discrete phase droplet radius, value is experiment discrete phase mean radius 1mm in the present invention.Re[A0] represent take A0Real part, parameter A0
For discrete phase partial wave wave amplitude, by improved ECAH models[4]It solves, i.e., by equation
It acquires.Wherein,
Wherein, ac, as, aTRespectively discrete phase radius and compressional wave wave number, shearing wave wave number and heat wave wave number multiply
Product, η are continuous phase viscosity, and κ is continuous phase thermal conductivity, jnFor Spherical Bessel functions, i.e.,hnFor
SphericalHankel functions, i.e.,Wherein, cpFor continuous phase
Quality specific heat at constant pressure, T0For temperature, 25 degrees Celsius are taken, β is ultrasonic wave number in two phase flowWith slash in formula
Number " ' " parameter indicate when calculating this, take the related physical coefficient of discrete phase substance.Re[A0] only with two-phase property and surpass
It is related to the time difference t for receiving acoustic signals that sound wave transmitting terminal sends out sound wave.In oil-in-water flow pattern, c0For the velocity of sound in water
1497(m·s-1)；R is that dropping oil radius is averaged 1mm, then
Step 5：Under oil-in-water or Water-In-Oil water-oil phase model, ultrasonic wave is total after two phase flow fluid matasomatism
Decaying is represented by：
α=αR+αT+αD (7)
In formula：αRDecay for ultrasonic scattering, αTDecay for ULTRASONIC ABSORPTION, αDFor ultrasonic diffusive attenuation.
By formula (1), (2), (3) are brought formula (7) into and can be obtained
Arrangement can obtain the discrete phase content φ of two phase flowVCalculation relational expression is
I.e.
Wherein, a is boundary correction factor, and b is measurement model error parameter.
Multiple physical field emulation experiment calculates the boundaries a correction factor, in oil-in-water flow pattern, by boundary integral and 7, boundary
The ratio of the sum of receiving sensor is worth 1.2225.Actual tests correct b measurement model error parameters, practical oil-in-water dynamic test
Obtaining its value isBy each step acquired results above, bring into public based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model
Formula (9) obtains, in oil-in-water flow pattern, when f takes 1MHz, and T is 25 degrees Celsius；
The present invention need to only detect ultrasound emission end pumping signal V1With the sound pressure signal value V at each ultrasonic reception end2,
V3……V8, ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal, which is sent out, sound wave and receives the time difference t and distance l of echo to solve phase content.
The present invention solves phase content by taking the medium under uniform mixing condition as an example, when fluidic structures are laminar flow, can also make
It is calculated with this method.
[1] Nanjing Feng Ruo ultrasounds handbook [M]:Publishing house of Nanjing University, 1990.
Feng Ruo.Handbookofultrasonic[M].Nanjing:N anjing University Press,
1990.(in Chinese)
[2] Feng Ruo phonochemistrys and its Hefei application [M]:Anhui science tech publishing house, 1992.
Feng Ruo.Sound chemistry and It’s application[M].Hefei:Anhui Science
and Technology Press,1992.(in Chinese)
[3] Shanghai Dong Xun lubrication theories [M]:Publishing house of Shanghai Communications University, 1984.
Dong Xun.Lubrication theory[M].Shanghai:Shanghai J iaotong University
Press,1984.(in Chinese)
[4]J.R.Allegra and S.A.Hawley,“Attenuation of Sound in Suspensions
andEmulsions:Theory and Experiments,”J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,vol.51,pp.1545-1564,
1972。
Claims (2)
1. a kind of water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model, used device includes ultrasound
Energy converter, signal generating unit, exciting circuit unit, excitation and receiving transducer channel selection unit, detection circuit unit and stream
Dynamic parameter calculation unit；The ultrasonic transducer includes signal emission sensor and receiving sensor, which is characterized in that is received
Sensor is divided into as main receiving sensor and auxiliary reception sensor, the signal emission sensor and main receiving sensor point
Other straight line face is mounted on the bottom and top of pipeline；Six auxiliary reception sensors be evenly distributed on signal emission sensor and
The both sides of main receiving sensor；The signal generating unit is connected with exciting circuit unit and acoustic pressure detector, signal hair
Raw unit generates pulse voltage signal, and by exciting circuit unit to signal emission sensor into row energization, excitation is visited with reception
Head channel selection unit is connected with receiving sensor, realizes that each receiving sensor receives signal respectively, steps are as follows：
Step 1：When passing through detected fluid in pipeline, signal generating unit generate pulse signal, by exciting circuit unit to
Signal emission sensor applies pumping signal, and the ultrasonic wave with certain amplitude and frequency reaches main reception by tested region
The detection signal of sensor and 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensors, each auxiliary reception sensor passes through excitation and receiving transducer
Channel selection unit gates receiving sensor, is connected with detection circuit unit, receiving circuit unit obtains the electricity of receiving sensor
Signal is pressed, signal demodulation module is then fed into, by carrying out demodulation process to signal；
Step 2：If the detection signal V of main receiving sensor2, the detection of 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensor auxiliary reception sensors
Signal is respectively V3……V8, calculate detection signal V2, V3……V8With pumping signal V1Ultrasound intensity decayingIts
In, l is the distance of signal emission sensor and main receiving sensor, n 2,3 ... 8；
Step 3：Calculate total ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of oil-water two-phase flow fluid in pipelineIt is connect with each assisting ultrasonic
Receive the sum of the ultrasonic diffusive attenuation amount of sensor
Step 4：The transition time t that main receiving sensor receives signal and signal emission sensor sends out pumping signal is detected,
Calculate attenuation by absorption amountWherein,F is frequency of sound wave；η is continuous phase viscosity；ρ is
Continuous phase density, c are the two-phase fluid velocity of sound,N and m indicates the index of f and c respectively, is influenced by temperature T, and herein, n takes
It is 3 that value, which is 2, m values,；
Step 5：Calculate water-oil phase scattering parameterWherein, k is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in continuous phase, i.e.,Wherein,c0For the velocity of sound in continuous phase；R is discrete phase droplet radius；Re[A0] represent take A0Real part, parameter A0
For discrete phase partial wave wave amplitude；
Step 6：The boundaries a correction factor is calculated using multiple physical field emulation experiment, is sensed by the main reception on boundary integral and boundary
The ratio of the sum of device and 6 assisting ultrasonic receiving sensors is worth 1.2225, and actual tests correct b measurement model error parameters, and b isIt brings into and is based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model formula
Calculate oil-water two-phase flow
Each phase content.
2. the water-oil phase flow containing rate measurement method according to claim 1 based on ultrasonic attenuation mechanism model, special
Sign is, for oil-in-water flow pattern, c0For velocity of sound 1497ms in water-1；R is dropping oil radius.
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