CN116754029B - Pipeline flow measurement method and calorimeter integrator system - Google Patents
Pipeline flow measurement method and calorimeter integrator system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
- G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
- G01K17/08—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature
- G01K17/10—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature between an inlet and an outlet point, combined with measurement of rate of flow of the medium if such, by integration during a certain time-interval
Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline flow measurement method and a calorimeter integrator system, and relates to the technical field of heat metering. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the distance from the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers; calculating the core measuring and calculating speed in real time through a core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit; calculating an auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time through an auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit; calculating the flow velocity of each radial position in the inner cavity of the test pipeline through the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers; and calculating the average flow in the test pipeline according to the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline at all radial positions and the inner cavity diameter of the test pipeline. The invention obtains more accurate flow value of the liquid in the pipeline, thereby realizing accurate measurement of the heat of the pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat metering, and particularly relates to a pipeline flow measurement method and a heat meter integrator system.
Background
In various industrial and domestic applications, it is very important to accurately measure the flow of fluid in a pipe. Furthermore, for heating, cooling or other energy transfer systems, a heat meter is also necessary which can measure and record the total amount of heat energy transferred over a period of time.
The traditional ultrasonic flow velocity measurement method relies on the relative relation between the propagation velocity of sound waves in the fluid and the flow velocity of the fluid, and the flow velocity of the liquid in the pipeline is obtained by calculating the relative relation with the time difference or the phase difference. However, this approach ignores the viscous effects of the pipe walls, which results in a non-uniform flow of liquid within the pipe, and the use of the velocity calculated directly from ultrasonic velocity measurements to calculate the flow rate within the pipe can lead to systematic deviations.
The utility model discloses an ultrasonic heat meter integrator system in the patent of publication number CN110132367A, including singlechip, timing module, time service module, ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor and ultrasonic signal conditioning module, time service module is connected with singlechip, timing module respectively, timing module is connected with the singlechip, temperature sensor is connected with timing module, ultrasonic transducer includes ultrasonic transducer I and ultrasonic transducer II, ultrasonic transducer I and ultrasonic transducer II's one end is connected to timing module, and the other end is connected to ultrasonic signal conditioning module, ultrasonic signal conditioning module is connected with timing module. Failure to measure the difference in flow rates within the pipe can, in conjunction with this, result in systematic deviations in the measured heat data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pipeline flow measurement method and a heat meter integrator system, which are used for obtaining more accurate flow values of liquid in a pipeline by measuring and calculating axial flow rates at different positions in the pipeline, so that accurate measurement of heat of the pipeline is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for measuring the flow of a pipeline, which comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a part of an inner cavity in a pipeline, which is a uniform cylinder, as a test pipeline;
acquiring a central axis of an inner cavity of the test pipeline;
a core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of core ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
an auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are not intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
acquiring the distance from the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
Calculating a core calculating speed in real time through the core ultrasonic calculating unit;
calculating an auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time through the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit;
calculating the flow velocity of each radial position in the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
and calculating the average flow in the test pipeline according to the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction and the diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline.
The invention also discloses a calorimeter integrator system, which comprises,
the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of the core ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are not intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
the ultrasonic calculating unit is used for calculating the core calculating speed in real time through the core ultrasonic calculating unit;
calculating an auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time through the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit;
The flow rate calibration unit is used for acquiring the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
acquiring the distance from the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating the flow velocity of each radial position in the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating to obtain average flow in the test pipeline according to the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction and the diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
the temperature measuring unit is used for acquiring the temperature of the fluid in the test pipeline in real time; the method comprises the steps of,
and the heat metering unit is used for calculating the heat conveyed by the pipeline according to the average flow in the test pipeline and the temperature of the fluid.
The invention utilizes the axial flow velocity at different positions in the measuring pipeline to obtain more accurate liquid flow value in the pipeline, thereby realizing accurate measurement of heat in the pipeline. The radial distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers can be obtained in the pipeline test by measuring the distance between the midpoint of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers and the central axis of the cavity in the pipeline. The core ultrasonic measurement unit may calculate the core flow rate in real time while the auxiliary ultrasonic measurement unit calculates the auxiliary flow rate in real time. By combining the core flow rate, the auxiliary flow rate and the radial distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers, the radial flow rates at different positions in the pipeline can be calculated. Finally, the integral average flow of the pipeline flow is realized, and meanwhile, the accurate detection of the pipeline heat is realized by combining a temperature measuring unit.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a calorimeter integrator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for measuring a pipeline flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the step S8 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the step S82 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a propagation location point on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner lumen of the test tube of the present invention in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the step S83 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the step S84 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the step S9 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a test tube divided into a plurality of concentric rings according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of calibrating the average flow in a test pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a step flow of step S109 according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
the device comprises a 1-core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit, a 2-auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit, a 3-ultrasonic resolving unit, a 4-flow velocity calibrating unit, a 5-temperature measuring unit, a 6-heat measuring unit and a 7-auxiliary temperature measuring unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the process of transporting fluid through a pipeline, the liquid flow rate is very slow and close to zero near the pipe wall due to the viscous effect of the pipe wall, which is a viscous underlayer. As the distance from the core increases, the flow rate increases rapidly, reaching a maximum in a smaller radial distance. This makes the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe non-uniform, which can lead to deviations if the pipe flow is calculated directly in view of this problem, and can adversely affect the subsequent calculation of heat. In view of this, the present invention provides the following.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a calorimeter integrator system. In general, the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 1 and the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 2 directly detect the flow velocity of fluid in a pipeline, and then calculate the core measuring and calculating speed and the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed through the ultrasonic calculating unit 3. And finally, calculating the average flow in the pipeline through the flow rate calibration unit 4, and calculating the heat conveyed by the pipeline through the heat metering unit 6.
Specifically, steps S1, 3 and 4 may be performed first, that is, the core ultrasonic measuring unit 1 is disposed in the test pipe, and the connection lines of the paired core ultrasonic transducers disposed in the core ultrasonic measuring unit 1 intersect with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipe. The auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 2 is also arranged in the test pipeline, and the connecting lines of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 2 are not intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline. The ultrasonic resolving unit 3 is used for resolving the core measuring and calculating speed and the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time by executing the steps S6 to S7 through the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 1 in the running process of the system. Step S2 is then performed by the flow rate calibration unit 4 to obtain the central axis of the inner lumen of the test tube. Step S5 may then be performed to obtain the distance from the midpoint of the connection line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test tube as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers. Step S8 may then be performed to calculate the flow velocity in the test tube at radial locations in the lumen by the core measurement velocity, the auxiliary measurement velocity, and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers. Step S9 may then be performed to calculate an average flow rate within the test tube based on the flow rates of the inner lumen of the test tube at radially locations and the inner lumen diameter of the test tube. And the temperature measuring unit 5 acquires the temperature of the fluid in the test pipeline in real time, and finally the heat quantity conveyed by the pipeline, namely the heat quantity conveyed by the pipeline, is calculated by the heat quantity measuring unit 6 according to the average flow in the test pipeline and the temperature of the fluid.
In the running process of the functional units, the core ultrasonic measuring unit calculates the core flow rate in real time, and the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring unit calculates the auxiliary flow rate in real time. The radial flow rates at different locations are calculated in combination with the core flow rate, the auxiliary flow rate, and the radial distance of each pair of auxiliary transducers. And finally, combining a temperature measuring unit, accurately calculating the overall average flow of the pipeline, and simultaneously realizing accurate detection of the heat of the pipeline.
Referring to fig. 3, due to the viscous effect of the inner wall of the pipe, the fluid closer to the inner wall of the pipe has a slower relative flow rate, which is reflected in that the fluid is slower as the fluid is closer to the two ends in the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipe, in order to quantitatively describe the mutual numerical relationship between the fluid flow rates in the inner cavity of the test pipe in the radial direction, step S8 may be executed first to obtain the arithmetic average of the fluid flow rates of all the position points in the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipe according to the core measurement speed in the specific implementation process. Step S82 may then be performed to obtain an arithmetic average of flow rates at partial points on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner lumen of the test tube based on the auxiliary measuring speeds and the radial center distances of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers. Step S83 may then be performed to obtain fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and maximum flow velocity in the test tube from an arithmetic average of flow velocities at all and part of the location points over the cross-sectional diameter of the interior lumen of the test tube. Finally, step S84 may be performed to obtain the flow rate at any point in the cross section of the inner cavity of the test tube as the flow rate in the inner cavity of the test tube in the radial direction according to the flow rate distribution characteristics and the maximum flow rate of the fluid in the test tube.
Before the core measurement speed and the auxiliary measurement speed are calculated, the physical connotation of the core measurement speed and the auxiliary measurement speed needs to be analyzed by combining the positions of the core ultrasonic measurement unit 1 and the auxiliary ultrasonic measurement unit 2. Due to the different installation positions, the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 1 and the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 2 have different acoustic wave transmission routes and overlapping parts of the cross-sectional diameters of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the working process, namely, the direct measured fluid depths are different, the average flow velocity of the whole cross-sectional diameter is directly measured by the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 1, and the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit 2 only directly measures the average flow velocity of the end part of the cross-sectional diameter.
In view of this, referring to fig. 4 and 5, in order to obtain an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of a partial position point on a cross-sectional diameter of an inner cavity of the test pipe, the above-mentioned step S82 may be performed in a specific implementation process by first obtaining a minimum distance between a passing region of the acoustic wave transmission process of the corresponding auxiliary ultrasonic transducer and a central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipe according to a radial distance of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer in step S821. Step S822 may then be performed to obtain an overlapping portion of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer during acoustic wave transmission with the cross-sectional diameter of the inner lumen of the test tube based on the minimum distance of the pass-through region from the central axis of the inner lumen of the test tube during acoustic wave transmission of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer. Step S823 may then be performed to acquire a position point of an overlapping portion with the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test tube during acoustic wave transmission of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer as a propagation position point of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test tube. Finally, step S824 may be performed to take the auxiliary measurement speed corresponding to the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer as an arithmetic average of the flow rates of the propagation position points of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test tube.
To supplement the above-described implementation procedures of step S821 to step S824, source codes of part of the functional modules are provided, and a comparison explanation is made in the annotation section.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
Auxiliary measuring and calculating unit
class AuxiliaryUnit {
public:
double auxiliaryVelocity,// auxiliary speed measurement
double radius;// radial distance
};
Average flow rate for calculating auxiliary speed measurement
double calculateAuxiliaryAvgVelocity(AuxiliaryUnit auxiliary) {
Calculating minimum distance between sound beam and pipe core according to radial distance
double minDistance = auxiliary.radius;
Calculating overlap of sound beam and pipe diameter based on minimum distance
double overlap;
if (minDistance <= diameter/2) {
overlap = diameter - 2*minDistance;
} else {
overlap = 0;
}
The overlap being the propagation position of the sound beam
vector<double> positions;
Calculating location points from overlapping
Auxiliary speed measurement is the average flow rate at these points
double avgVelocity = auxiliary.auxiliaryVelocity;
return avgVelocity;
}
However, the state of the flowing liquid or gas is extremely complex, so that the measurement and calculation can not be performed through Newton classical mechanics, and only the model description can be performed. The average flow velocity of different sections in the pipeline is kept unchanged, but the flow velocity profile distribution is different according to the flow state (laminar flow, turbulent flow and the like) in the pipeline. The flow velocity profile distribution accords with the fluid kinematics theory, the flow velocity distribution rule is obtained through theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the flow characteristics in the pipeline can be analyzed, and parameters such as flow rate and the like can be calculated. In summary, the distribution of the flow velocity of the liquid in the pipe is not uniform, and has a definite correspondence with the radial distance, varying around a maximum velocity. These laws are very important for pipeline hydrodynamic analysis.
In particular, referring to fig. 6, a logarithmic distribution may be used to describe a radial distribution of the flow rate of the liquid inside the pipe, for example: v (R) =vmax exp [ - α (R/R) 2], where v (R) is the local flow velocity at radial distance R, vmax is the maximum flow velocity, R is the pipe radius, α is a constant, indicating the degree of sharpness of the flow velocity distribution.
The sharpness of the flow velocity distribution is the sharpness of the flow velocity profile distribution curve, and represents the speed of the change of the flow velocity in the radial direction of the pipeline. The main factors that influence the sharpness of the flow velocity profile are the pipe specification and roughness and the nature of the fluid itself. From the above mathematical model, the constant α, i.e. the sharpness of the flow velocity distribution in the present embodiment, is the object of the key calculation, and the maximum flow velocity needs to be calculated.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, referring to fig. 5, step S83 may be implemented by first performing step S831 with the inner diameter of the test tube as a known quantity, with the sharpness and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test tube as an unknown quantity, and establishing a numerical relationship between the flow velocity and the maximum flow velocity at each position point on the cross-sectional diameter of the test tube. Step S832 may then be performed to obtain a numerical relationship between the flow rate at each location on the cross-sectional diameter of the test tube and the sharp degree and maximum flow rate of the flow distribution within the test tube based on the numerical relationship between the flow rate at each location on the cross-sectional diameter of the test tube and the maximum flow rate. Step S833 may be performed to obtain the numerical relationship between the sharpness and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test tube and the arithmetic average of the flow velocities of all the position points and part of the position points in the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test tube according to the numerical relationship between the flow velocity of each position point in the cross-sectional diameter of the test tube and the sharpness and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test tube. Finally, step S834 may be performed to obtain fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and a maximum flow velocity in the test tube according to a numerical relationship between an arithmetic average value of flow velocities of all position points and part of position points on a cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test tube and a sharp degree and a maximum flow velocity of the fluid flow distribution in the test tube, wherein the fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics include the sharp degree of the flow velocity distribution.
Referring to fig. 7, after calculating α (i.e., the distribution characteristic of the fluid flow velocity in the test tube) and Vmax (i.e., the maximum flow velocity in the test tube) in the mathematical model v (R) =vmax exp [ - α (R/R) 2], the flow velocity in the test tube at each radial position can be calculated. Specifically, step S84 described above may be performed in a specific implementation, where step S841 obtains a numerical relationship between the flow rate at each location point on the cross-sectional diameter of the test tube and the maximum flow rate according to the inner diameter of the test tube, the sharpness of the flow distribution in the test tube, and the maximum flow rate. Finally, step S842 may be performed to obtain the flow velocity in the inner cavity of the test pipe in radial directions by substituting the numerical relationship between the flow velocity at each position point on the cross-sectional diameter of the test pipe and the maximum flow velocity according to the distance from any point of the cross-section of the inner cavity of the test pipe to the central axis.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to calculate the average flow rate of the pipe, step S9 may be performed to divide the cross section of the test pipe into a plurality of concentric rings in the specific implementation process, and then step S92 may be performed to obtain the area of each concentric ring. Step S93 may then be performed to obtain a liquid flow rate for each concentric ring based on the flow rates in the test tube at radially-wide locations within the cavity. Finally, step S94 may be performed to calculate the average flow in the test pipe based on the area of each concentric ring and the corresponding liquid flow rate.
To supplement the above-described implementation procedures of step S91 to step S94, source codes of part of the functional modules are provided, and a comparison explanation is made in the annotation section. In order to protect applicant's trade secret, a desensitization treatment is performed on part of the data that does not affect the implementation of the scheme.
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
Calculating the area of concentric rings
double calculateArea(double r) {
return M_PI * pow(r, 2);
}
Liquid flow rate of concentric ring
double calculateFlowVelocity(double v_r) {
return v_r;
}
int main() {
Initialization parameters
int numrings=5;// number of concentric rings
double totalFlowRate =0;// total flow
The// cycle traverses each concentric ring
for (int i = 1; i <= numRings; ++i) {
Step S92: acquiring the area of concentric rings
double radius=i;// radius of concentric ring
double area = calculateArea(radius);
Step S93: obtaining liquid flow rates of concentric rings
double v_r = 2.5 + 0.5 * i;
double flowVelocity = calculateFlowVelocity(v_r);
Calculating the flow of concentric rings and adding to the total flow
double ringFlowRate = flowVelocity * area;
totalFlowRate += ringFlowRate;
std: cout < < "concentric ring" < < i < ">": "< < ringFlowRate < < std: endl;
}
std: average flow of cout < < "test pipe: "< < totalFlowRate/numRings < < std:: endl;
return 0;
}
this code enables the flow of each concentric ring to be calculated in the test pipe, and ultimately the average flow, according to a given number of concentric rings and radial flow velocity distribution. The calculoeearea function calculates the area of concentric rings and the calculoeflowvelocity function simply returns the radial flow rate.
Of course, the above method is just one way to increase the calculation speed, and if a more accurate average flow result is desired, the integration operation can be performed by using a calculus method.
Referring to fig. 10, in other embodiments of the present solution, in order to achieve the calibration of the average flow rate in the pipeline, the system may further comprise an auxiliary temperature measuring unit 7. The auxiliary temperature measuring unit 7 maintains an axial distance from the temperature measuring unit, and the direct function is to acquire the temperature in the test pipeline in real time. In the course of the calibration, step S101 may be first performed to acquire the start point temperature and the end point temperature using the temperature measuring unit 5 and the auxiliary temperature measuring unit 7, respectively. Step S102 may be performed next to acquire the axial distance of the measurement position points of the start point temperature and the end point temperature as the temperature measurement interval distance. Step S103 may be performed next to obtain a mapping relationship of the start point temperature with respect to the acquisition time from the start point temperature acquired in real time. Step S104 may be performed next to obtain a mapping relationship of the end point temperature with respect to the acquisition time from the key temperature acquired in real time. Step S105 may be performed to extract the fluid start temperature change feature and the corresponding start feature time according to the mapping relationship of the start temperature with respect to the acquisition time. The fluid start temperature change characteristic and the fluid end temperature change characteristic comprise a temperature start abrupt change or a temperature abrupt change end. Step S106 may be performed to extract the fluid endpoint temperature change feature and the corresponding endpoint feature time according to the mapping relationship between the endpoint temperature and the acquisition time. Next, step S107 may be performed to compare the same fluid start temperature change characteristic and fluid end temperature change characteristic, and obtain a time difference corresponding to the start characteristic time and the end characteristic time as a temperature change time difference. Step S108 may be performed to obtain a propagation speed of the temperature change in the test pipe according to a ratio of the temperature measurement interval distance and the temperature change time difference. Finally, step S109 may be performed to correct the average flow in the test pipe according to the propagation speed of the temperature change in the test pipe.
In order to supplement the implementation process of the steps, source codes of partial functional modules are provided, and the explanation is compared in the annotating part.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
Measuring propagation velocity of temperature change in pipeline
double measurePropagationSpeed(vector<double> inletTemps, vector<double> outletTemps, double length) {
Constructing an inlet temperature timing map
map<double, double> inletMap;
for(int i=0; i<inletTemps.size(); i++) {
inletMap[i] = inletTemps[i];
}
Constructing an outlet temperature timing map
map<double, double> outletMap;
for(int i=0; i<outletTemps.size(); i++) {
outletMap[i] = outletTemps[i];
}
Finding the same temperature feature points in both maps
double inletFeatureTime;
double outletFeatureTime;
Time to find temperature characteristic point
Calculating the time difference
double deltaT = outletFeatureTime - inletFeatureTime;
Calculating propagation velocity
double speed = length / deltaT;
return speed;
}
Temperature propagation correction of flow
double correctFlowRate(double originalRate, double propagationSpeed) {
Flow correction
double correctedRate = ...;
return correctedRate;
}
In order to avoid the speed accuracy reduction after calibration due to the inaccurate speed calculated in steps S101 to S108, step S109 may be performed to obtain the measurement accuracy of the core ultrasonic measurement unit and the auxiliary ultrasonic measurement unit as the ultrasonic accuracy in the specific implementation process in step S1091. Step S1092 may be performed next to acquire the measurement window time of the start feature time, and step S1093 may be performed next to acquire the measurement window time of the end feature time. Step S1094 may then be performed to derive a time measurement error from the measurement window time of the start feature time and the measurement window time of the end feature time. Step S1095 may be performed next to obtain accuracy of the temperature-dependent propagation velocity from the time measurement error and the temperature-dependent time difference. Step S1096 may then be performed to compare the speed corresponding to the larger of the ultrasonic accuracy and the accuracy of the temperature change propagation speed as the corrected flow velocity in the inner cavity of the test tube at the radial direction. Finally, step S1097 may be performed to correct the average flow in the test tube according to the corrected flow velocity in the test tube at each radial position in the inner cavity.
In order to supplement the implementation process of the steps, source codes of partial functional modules are provided, and the explanation is compared in the annotating part. In order to protect applicant's trade secret, a desensitization treatment is performed on part of the data that does not affect the implementation of the scheme.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Accuracy of the ultrasonic measuring unit
double ultrasoundAccuracy = 0.95;
Time window for measuring temperature change characteristics
double inletWindow = 0.1;
double outletWindow = 0.1;
Time of flight of/(temperature change)
double deltaTime = 1.0;
Flow rate/correction
void correctFlowRate(double originalRate, double temperatureVelocity) {
Calculating the temperature change speed accuracy
double timeError = inletWindow + outletWindow;
double temperatureAccuracy = timeError / deltaTime;
Comparing ultrasonic accuracy and temperature change accuracy
double finalAccuracy;
if (ultrasoundAccuracy > temperatureAccuracy) {
finalAccuracy = ultrasoundAccuracy;
} else {
finalAccuracy = temperatureAccuracy;
}
Selecting a speed corresponding to a higher accuracy rate
double finalVelocity;
if (finalAccuracy == ultrasoundAccuracy) {
finallocity = original ultrasonic measurement speed;
} else {
finalVelocity = temperatureVelocity;
}
correction of flow rate
double correctedRate = originalRate (finallocity/theoretical flow rate);
}
in summary, the method for measuring the axial flow velocity of different positions in the pipeline is adopted in the scheme to obtain more accurate liquid flow value in the pipeline, so that accurate measurement of heat in the pipeline is realized. During the pipeline testing process, the radial distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers can be obtained by measuring the distance between the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers and the central axis of the cavity in the pipeline. The core ultrasonic measurement unit is capable of calculating the core flow rate in real time, while the auxiliary ultrasonic measurement unit is capable of calculating the auxiliary flow rate in real time. By combining the core flow rate, the auxiliary flow rate and the radial distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers, the radial flow velocity distribution at different positions in the pipeline can be calculated. Finally, through combining the data of the temperature measuring unit, the calculation of the integral average value of the pipeline flow is realized, and meanwhile, the heat transmitted in the pipeline can be accurately detected.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by hardware, such as circuits or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits, application Specific Integrated Circuit), which perform the corresponding functions or acts, or combinations of hardware and software, such as firmware, etc.
Although the application is described herein in connection with various embodiments, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed application, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the flow rate of a pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a part of an inner cavity in a pipeline, which is a uniform cylinder, as a test pipeline;
acquiring a central axis of an inner cavity of the test pipeline;
a core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of core ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
an auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are not intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
Acquiring the distance from the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating a core calculating speed in real time through the core ultrasonic calculating unit;
calculating an auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time through the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit;
calculating the flow velocity of each radial position in the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating to obtain average flow in the test pipeline according to the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction and the diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
wherein the step of calculating the flow velocity in the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction through the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers comprises the steps of,
obtaining an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of all position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed;
obtaining an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of partial position points on the diameter of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
Calculating according to arithmetic average values of flow velocity of all position points and part of position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline to obtain flow velocity distribution characteristics and maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline;
obtaining the flow velocity of any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction according to the flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline;
wherein the step of obtaining an arithmetic average of flow rates of partial position points on a cross-sectional diameter of an inner cavity of the test pipe based on the auxiliary measuring speed and the radial center distance of each pair of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducers comprises,
obtaining the minimum distance between the passing area and the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the process of transmitting the sound wave of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer according to the radial center distance of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer;
obtaining an overlapping part of the ultrasonic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer and the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the minimum distance between the passing area and the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the ultrasonic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer;
Acquiring a position point of an overlapping part of the acoustic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer and the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as a propagation position point of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
taking the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed corresponding to the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer as an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of a propagation position point of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
wherein the step of calculating the fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the test pipeline according to the arithmetic average value of the flow velocity of all the position points and part of the position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline comprises the following steps of,
taking the inner diameter of the test pipeline as a known quantity, taking the sharpness degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline as unknown quantities, and establishing a numerical relation between the flow velocity and the maximum flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline;
acquiring the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow distribution in the test pipeline according to the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity;
Obtaining the numerical relation between the arithmetic average value of the flow rates of all the position points and part of the position points on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow rate of the flow rate distribution in the test pipeline according to the numerical relation between the flow rate of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow rate of the flow rate distribution in the test pipeline;
calculating according to the numerical relation between the arithmetic average value of flow velocity of all position points and part of position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline to obtain fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity in the test pipeline, wherein the fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics comprise the sharp degree of flow velocity distribution;
wherein the step of obtaining the flow velocity of any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline at any radial position according to the flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline comprises the steps of,
obtaining a numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity according to the inner diameter of the test pipeline, the sharp degree of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity;
Substituting the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the diameter of the cross section of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity according to the distance from any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline to the central axis to obtain the flow velocity of each radial position of the inner cavity of the test pipeline.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating an average flow rate within the test tube based on the flow rate within the test tube at radially-diverse locations and the inner lumen diameter of the test tube comprises,
dividing a cross section of the test tube into a plurality of concentric rings;
acquiring the area of each concentric ring;
obtaining the liquid flow rate of each concentric ring according to the flow rate of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction;
and calculating the average flow in the test pipeline according to the area of each concentric ring and the corresponding liquid flow rate.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising,
measuring and acquiring temperatures of two position points of the test pipeline in real time along the pipeline flow direction, and respectively marking the temperatures as a starting point temperature and an end point temperature;
acquiring the axial distance of the measured position points of the starting point temperature and the end point temperature as a temperature measurement interval distance;
Obtaining a mapping relation of the starting point temperature with respect to the acquisition time according to the starting point temperature acquired in real time;
obtaining a mapping relation of the end point temperature with respect to the acquisition time according to the key temperature acquired in real time;
extracting and obtaining fluid starting point temperature change characteristics and corresponding starting point characteristic moments according to the mapping relation of the starting point temperature to the acquisition time;
extracting and obtaining fluid end point temperature change characteristics and corresponding end point characteristic moments according to the mapping relation of the end point temperature with respect to the acquisition time;
comparing to obtain the same fluid starting point temperature change characteristic and fluid ending point temperature change characteristic, and obtaining the time difference corresponding to the starting point characteristic moment and the ending point characteristic moment as a temperature change time difference;
obtaining the temperature change propagation speed in the test pipeline according to the ratio of the temperature measurement interval distance to the temperature change time difference;
and correcting the average flow in the test pipeline according to the temperature change propagation speed in the test pipeline.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said step of correcting the average flow in said test pipe based on the propagation velocity of the temperature change in said test pipe comprises,
the fluid start temperature change characteristic and the fluid end temperature change characteristic comprise a temperature start abrupt change or a temperature abrupt change end;
Acquiring measurement accuracy of the core ultrasonic measurement and calculation unit and the auxiliary ultrasonic measurement and calculation unit as ultrasonic accuracy;
acquiring the measurement window time of the starting point characteristic moment;
acquiring the measurement window time of the endpoint feature moment;
obtaining a time measurement error according to the measurement window time of the starting point characteristic moment and the measurement window time of the end point characteristic moment;
obtaining the accuracy of the temperature change propagation speed according to the time measurement error and the temperature change time difference;
comparing and judging the speed corresponding to the larger value in the ultrasonic accuracy and the accuracy of the temperature change propagation speed as the corrected flow velocity in the radial direction of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
and correcting the average flow in the test pipeline according to the corrected flow velocity in the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction.
5. A calorimeter integrator system, comprising,
the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of the core ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the core ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit is arranged in the test pipeline, and connecting lines of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers arranged in pairs in the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit are not intersected with the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
The ultrasonic calculating unit is used for calculating the core calculating speed in real time through the core ultrasonic calculating unit;
calculating an auxiliary measuring and calculating speed in real time through the auxiliary ultrasonic measuring and calculating unit;
the flow rate calibration unit is used for acquiring the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
acquiring the distance from the middle point of the connecting line of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers to the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating the flow velocity of each radial position in the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating to obtain average flow in the test pipeline according to the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction and the diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
the temperature measuring unit is used for acquiring the temperature of the fluid in the test pipeline in real time; the method comprises the steps of,
the heat metering unit is used for calculating the heat conveyed by the pipeline according to the average flow in the test pipeline and the temperature of the fluid;
wherein the step of calculating the flow velocity in the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction through the core measuring and calculating speed, the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers comprises the steps of,
Obtaining an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of all position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the core measuring and calculating speed;
obtaining an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of partial position points on the diameter of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed and the radial center distance of each pair of auxiliary ultrasonic transducers;
calculating according to arithmetic average values of flow velocity of all position points and part of position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline to obtain flow velocity distribution characteristics and maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline;
obtaining the flow velocity of any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the radial direction according to the flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline;
wherein the step of obtaining an arithmetic average of flow rates of partial position points on a cross-sectional diameter of an inner cavity of the test pipe based on the auxiliary measuring speed and the radial center distance of each pair of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducers comprises,
obtaining the minimum distance between the passing area and the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the process of transmitting the sound wave of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer according to the radial center distance of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer;
Obtaining an overlapping part of the ultrasonic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer and the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline according to the minimum distance between the passing area and the central axis of the inner cavity of the test pipeline in the ultrasonic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer;
acquiring a position point of an overlapping part of the acoustic wave transmission process of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer and the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as a propagation position point of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
taking the auxiliary measuring and calculating speed corresponding to the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer as an arithmetic average value of flow velocity of a propagation position point of the auxiliary ultrasonic transducer on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline;
wherein the step of calculating the fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the test pipeline according to the arithmetic average value of the flow velocity of all the position points and part of the position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline comprises the following steps of,
taking the inner diameter of the test pipeline as a known quantity, taking the sharpness degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline as unknown quantities, and establishing a numerical relation between the flow velocity and the maximum flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline;
Acquiring the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow distribution in the test pipeline according to the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity;
obtaining the numerical relation between the arithmetic average value of the flow rates of all the position points and part of the position points on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow rate of the flow rate distribution in the test pipeline according to the numerical relation between the flow rate of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow rate of the flow rate distribution in the test pipeline;
calculating according to the numerical relation between the arithmetic average value of flow velocity of all position points and part of position points on the cross section diameter of the inner cavity of the test pipeline and the sharp degree and the maximum flow velocity of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline to obtain fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity in the test pipeline, wherein the fluid flow velocity distribution characteristics comprise the sharp degree of flow velocity distribution;
wherein the step of obtaining the flow velocity of any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline as the flow velocity of the inner cavity of the test pipeline at any radial position according to the flow velocity distribution characteristics and the maximum flow velocity of the fluid in the test pipeline comprises the steps of,
Obtaining a numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the cross section diameter of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity according to the inner diameter of the test pipeline, the sharp degree of the flow velocity distribution in the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity;
substituting the numerical relation between the flow velocity of each position point on the diameter of the cross section of the test pipeline and the maximum flow velocity according to the distance from any point of the cross section of the inner cavity of the test pipeline to the central axis to obtain the flow velocity of each radial position of the inner cavity of the test pipeline.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising,
the auxiliary temperature measuring unit is used for keeping an axial distance from the temperature measuring unit and acquiring the temperature in the test pipeline in real time;
the temperature measuring unit and the auxiliary temperature measuring unit respectively acquire a starting point temperature and an end point temperature;
acquiring the axial distance of the measured position points of the starting point temperature and the end point temperature as a temperature measurement interval distance;
obtaining a mapping relation of the starting point temperature with respect to the acquisition time according to the starting point temperature acquired in real time;
obtaining a mapping relation of the end point temperature with respect to the acquisition time according to the key temperature acquired in real time;
Extracting and obtaining fluid starting point temperature change characteristics and corresponding starting point characteristic moments according to the mapping relation of the starting point temperature to the acquisition time;
extracting and obtaining fluid end point temperature change characteristics and corresponding end point characteristic moments according to the mapping relation of the end point temperature with respect to the acquisition time;
comparing to obtain the same fluid starting point temperature change characteristic and fluid ending point temperature change characteristic, and obtaining the time difference corresponding to the starting point characteristic moment and the ending point characteristic moment as a temperature change time difference;
obtaining the temperature change propagation speed in the test pipeline according to the ratio of the temperature measurement interval distance to the temperature change time difference;
and correcting the average flow in the test pipeline according to the temperature change propagation speed in the test pipeline.
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